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1 | 00:00:07,400 | 00:00:09,320 | We are all going to die. | We are all going to die. |
2 | 00:00:09,848 | 00:00:13,110 | We just don't know how, or when. | We just don't know how, or when. |
3 | 00:00:14,038 | 00:00:18,320 | Easily snuffed out in an instant, what is life's meaning? | Easily snuffed out in an instant, what is life's meaning? |
4 | 00:00:19,729 | 00:00:21,128 | Oh, man! | Oh, man! |
5 | 00:00:21,129 | 00:00:22,399 | I see it, I see it. | I see it, I see it. |
6 | 00:00:22,400 | 00:00:25,559 | We're gonna get closer, we're gonna get closer. | We're gonna get closer, we're gonna get closer. |
7 | 00:00:25,679 | 00:00:30,100 | Over 1,000 tornadoes rip through the United States every year. | Over 1,000 tornadoes rip through the United States every year. |
8 | 00:00:30,344 | 00:00:34,405 | Most do little damage. This one was different. | Most do little damage. This one was different. |
9 | 00:00:34,840 | 00:00:36,199 | There it is. | There it is. |
10 | 00:00:36,200 | 00:00:37,717 | Oh, my gosh! | Oh, my gosh! |
11 | 00:00:38,355 | 00:00:40,727 | It's going to go down that road right there. | It's going to go down that road right there. |
12 | 00:00:41,250 | 00:00:44,910 | Oh, gosh, that is a monster tornado! | Oh, gosh, that is a monster tornado! |
13 | 00:00:52,643 | 00:00:55,333 | Right up there on the back wall, that was the sanctuary, | Right up there on the back wall, that was the sanctuary, |
14 | 00:00:55,341 | 00:00:57,239 | and that's where the altar was. | and that's where the altar was. |
15 | 00:00:57,484 | 00:01:01,050 | Behind that... was the house that I was in, | Behind that... was the house that I was in, |
16 | 00:01:01,170 | 00:01:02,790 | just real close to it. | just real close to it. |
17 | 00:01:05,726 | 00:01:09,120 | The tornado destroyed the city of Joplin, Missouri | The tornado destroyed the city of Joplin, Missouri |
18 | 00:01:09,429 | 00:01:12,390 | and killed 162 people. | and killed 162 people. |
19 | 00:01:14,351 | 00:01:16,640 | That was Green Briar Nursing Home, | That was Green Briar Nursing Home, |
20 | 00:01:16,760 | 00:01:19,286 | and there were five people died in there. | and there were five people died in there. |
21 | 00:01:19,293 | 00:01:21,488 | It's a terrible, terrible sight. It's an awful sight. | It's a terrible, terrible sight. It's an awful sight. |
22 | 00:01:22,626 | 00:01:24,165 | In the face of catastrophe, | In the face of catastrophe, |
23 | 00:01:24,775 | 00:01:28,866 | this Catholic priest finds comfort in his religious faith. | this Catholic priest finds comfort in his religious faith. |
24 | 00:01:29,920 | 00:01:32,759 | I have to believe there's a plan | I have to believe there's a plan |
25 | 00:01:32,879 | 00:01:35,824 | and that God is going to accomplish something through this. | and that God is going to accomplish something through this. |
26 | 00:01:36,251 | 00:01:39,880 | I feel like God is doing something for us. | I feel like God is doing something for us. |
27 | 00:01:40,167 | 00:01:42,552 | I think we have to see somewhere a higher power. | I think we have to see somewhere a higher power. |
28 | 00:01:44,045 | 00:01:47,184 | Father Monaghan's faith must have been tested to the limit | Father Monaghan's faith must have been tested to the limit |
29 | 00:01:47,240 | 00:01:49,439 | by this terrible experience. | by this terrible experience. |
30 | 00:01:49,731 | 00:01:54,410 | For those of us who don't believe in any kind of Gods, how do we cope? | For those of us who don't believe in any kind of Gods, how do we cope? |
31 | 00:02:01,160 | 00:02:04,798 | More and more people now realise there is no God. | More and more people now realise there is no God. |
32 | 00:02:06,640 | 00:02:11,000 | Yet religious values have dominated our lives for hundreds of years | Yet religious values have dominated our lives for hundreds of years |
33 | 00:02:11,120 | 00:02:12,956 | and still have a hold over us. | and still have a hold over us. |
34 | 00:02:14,376 | 00:02:18,467 | In this series I'm exploring what reason and science can offer us | In this series I'm exploring what reason and science can offer us |
35 | 00:02:18,482 | 00:02:20,560 | in the place of religion | in the place of religion |
36 | 00:02:20,680 | 00:02:23,270 | to bring comfort in the face of death, | to bring comfort in the face of death, |
37 | 00:02:23,937 | 00:02:26,794 | help us tell right from wrong, | help us tell right from wrong, |
38 | 00:02:27,968 | 00:02:31,950 | or provide meaning in an indifferent and uncaring universe. | or provide meaning in an indifferent and uncaring universe. |
39 | 00:02:34,960 | 00:02:38,437 | So do you think that we in the west are too materialistic? | So do you think that we in the west are too materialistic? |
40 | 00:02:38,557 | 00:02:39,479 | I think so. | I think so. |
41 | 00:02:39,684 | 00:02:42,320 | I suppose Jesus is an unpaid babysitter. | I suppose Jesus is an unpaid babysitter. |
42 | 00:02:42,440 | 00:02:44,640 | It's like, if I'm not watching you, Jesus is. | It's like, if I'm not watching you, Jesus is. |
43 | 00:02:45,101 | 00:02:48,228 | Do you think mothers are ever going to meet their babies again? | Do you think mothers are ever going to meet their babies again? |
44 | 00:02:48,229 | 00:02:49,020 | Yes. | Yes. |
45 | 00:02:49,164 | 00:02:51,505 | The mothers believe it, and the fathers. | The mothers believe it, and the fathers. |
46 | 00:02:57,280 | 00:03:01,280 | If there is no God, what is the meaning of life? | If there is no God, what is the meaning of life? |
47 | 00:03:03,467 | 00:03:06,872 | Some of the greatest minds in history have battled depression | Some of the greatest minds in history have battled depression |
48 | 00:03:06,888 | 00:03:09,990 | and even toyed with suicide, struggling to answer | and even toyed with suicide, struggling to answer |
49 | 00:03:10,160 | 00:03:13,042 | the ultimate question that we all face - | the ultimate question that we all face - |
50 | 00:03:13,293 | 00:03:14,870 | what's the point? | what's the point? |
51 | 00:03:16,539 | 00:03:20,160 | For many, there is no point if there is no God. | For many, there is no point if there is no God. |
52 | 00:03:21,250 | 00:03:24,399 | One of the questions I'm most often asked after giving a lecture | One of the questions I'm most often asked after giving a lecture |
53 | 00:03:24,400 | 00:03:27,863 | is, "Why do you bother to get up in the mornings?" | is, "Why do you bother to get up in the mornings?" |
54 | 00:03:28,061 | 00:03:31,560 | This film is my attempt to answer that question. | This film is my attempt to answer that question. |
55 | 00:03:53,621 | 00:03:55,153 | Like most English children, | Like most English children, |
56 | 00:03:55,273 | 00:03:57,199 | I was sent to Christian schools | I was sent to Christian schools |
57 | 00:03:57,319 | 00:04:00,919 | and I was confirmed into the Church of England at the age of 13. | and I was confirmed into the Church of England at the age of 13. |
58 | 00:04:01,225 | 00:04:03,359 | I believed in the Christian God. | I believed in the Christian God. |
59 | 00:04:04,044 | 00:04:07,027 | A couple of years later, I realised it wasn't true. | A couple of years later, I realised it wasn't true. |
60 | 00:04:07,147 | 00:04:10,159 | There was no God. There was nothing out there. | There was no God. There was nothing out there. |
61 | 00:04:10,537 | 00:04:12,808 | Many people have had that experience | Many people have had that experience |
62 | 00:04:12,815 | 00:04:16,520 | and different people respond to it in very different ways. | and different people respond to it in very different ways. |
63 | 00:04:21,989 | 00:04:25,714 | One of the oddest reactions to facing up to life without God | One of the oddest reactions to facing up to life without God |
64 | 00:04:25,728 | 00:04:29,670 | was that of the great Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy. | was that of the great Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy. |
65 | 00:04:32,560 | 00:04:35,307 | Like me, Tolstoy was brought up a Christian | Like me, Tolstoy was brought up a Christian |
66 | 00:04:35,319 | 00:04:37,760 | and, as a young man, lost his faith. | and, as a young man, lost his faith. |
67 | 00:04:38,462 | 00:04:41,433 | He had wealth, a family, and celebrity status | He had wealth, a family, and celebrity status |
68 | 00:04:41,480 | 00:04:45,240 | thanks to his novels War And Peace and Anna Karenina. | thanks to his novels War And Peace and Anna Karenina. |
69 | 00:04:45,360 | 00:04:48,498 | But in his late 40s, he began to question everything. | But in his late 40s, he began to question everything. |
70 | 00:04:51,447 | 00:04:52,938 | Tolstoy was in despair, | Tolstoy was in despair, |
71 | 00:04:52,991 | 00:04:56,420 | staring into an abyss of suicidal depression. | staring into an abyss of suicidal depression. |
72 | 00:04:56,923 | 00:04:59,810 | He could find no answer to what tormented him. | He could find no answer to what tormented him. |
73 | 00:05:01,807 | 00:05:03,440 | Why do I live? | Why do I live? |
74 | 00:05:03,870 | 00:05:08,131 | Is there any meaning in my life that will not be annihilated | Is there any meaning in my life that will not be annihilated |
75 | 00:05:08,152 | 00:05:09,813 | by the inevitability of death? | by the inevitability of death? |
76 | 00:05:11,320 | 00:05:14,279 | Desperate to believe that life had a greater purpose, | Desperate to believe that life had a greater purpose, |
77 | 00:05:14,399 | 00:05:18,280 | Tolstoy scoured philosophy and the sciences for what it might be, | Tolstoy scoured philosophy and the sciences for what it might be, |
78 | 00:05:19,000 | 00:05:21,389 | but his torment only deepened. | but his torment only deepened. |
79 | 00:05:22,200 | 00:05:26,590 | You are a temporary incidental accumulation of particles. | You are a temporary incidental accumulation of particles. |
80 | 00:05:27,190 | 00:05:31,531 | You are a randomly-united lump of something. | You are a randomly-united lump of something. |
81 | 00:05:38,419 | 00:05:41,314 | Eventually, Tolstoy found an answer | Eventually, Tolstoy found an answer |
82 | 00:05:41,434 | 00:05:44,156 | and stepped back from the abyss. | and stepped back from the abyss. |
83 | 00:05:54,320 | 00:05:56,600 | Mount St Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire | Mount St Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire |
84 | 00:05:56,720 | 00:05:59,920 | is home to 36 Cistercian monks. | is home to 36 Cistercian monks. |
85 | 00:06:00,708 | 00:06:03,843 | And this, in essence, was Tolstoy's solution - | And this, in essence, was Tolstoy's solution - |
86 | 00:06:04,822 | 00:06:07,920 | spiritual retreat and devotion. | spiritual retreat and devotion. |
87 | 00:06:09,931 | 00:06:13,160 | There are no special announcements this morning. | There are no special announcements this morning. |
88 | 00:06:14,579 | 00:06:17,240 | Our order is what's called a contemplative order | Our order is what's called a contemplative order |
89 | 00:06:17,360 | 00:06:20,680 | so we stay within the confines of the monastery. | so we stay within the confines of the monastery. |
90 | 00:06:20,698 | 00:06:23,760 | We don't have schools, hospitals or parishes. | We don't have schools, hospitals or parishes. |
91 | 00:06:23,880 | 00:06:26,239 | We stay within the monastery. | We stay within the monastery. |
92 | 00:06:26,271 | 00:06:28,480 | And you're silent for part of the day, is that right? | And you're silent for part of the day, is that right? |
93 | 00:06:28,503 | 00:06:31,063 | We are, for a good part of the day, especially in the early morning. | We are, for a good part of the day, especially in the early morning. |
94 | 00:06:31,437 | 00:06:32,671 | Yes. | Yes. |
95 | 00:06:33,037 | 00:06:34,637 | So the library is just up here. | So the library is just up here. |
96 | 00:06:34,652 | 00:06:36,012 | Yes. | Yes. |
97 | 00:06:39,532 | 00:06:40,959 | Oh, my, this is very nice. | Oh, my, this is very nice. |
98 | 00:06:41,147 | 00:06:43,719 | It is a very nice library indeed, yes. | It is a very nice library indeed, yes. |
99 | 00:06:43,768 | 00:06:47,679 | 'Like Tolstoy, these monks live between two worlds. | 'Like Tolstoy, these monks live between two worlds. |
100 | 00:06:47,799 | 00:06:51,560 | 'Their library is better than I would have expected.' | 'Their library is better than I would have expected.' |
101 | 00:06:52,171 | 00:06:55,639 | Stephen Hawking's Universe, Just Six Numbers, Carl Sagan. | Stephen Hawking's Universe, Just Six Numbers, Carl Sagan. |
102 | 00:06:55,640 | 00:06:57,280 | Excellent, very good. | Excellent, very good. |
103 | 00:06:57,490 | 00:07:01,119 | I wish I'd brought some of my books to present to you! | I wish I'd brought some of my books to present to you! |
104 | 00:07:01,120 | 00:07:02,448 | Oh, there's one, there! We have one. | Oh, there's one, there! We have one. |
105 | 00:07:02,449 | 00:07:03,519 | Oh, really? | Oh, really? |
106 | 00:07:03,561 | 00:07:05,240 | Richard Dawkins, Modern Science Writing. | Richard Dawkins, Modern Science Writing. |
107 | 00:07:05,360 | 00:07:09,360 | Oh, excellent! The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing. Very good. | Oh, excellent! The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing. Very good. |
108 | 00:07:09,700 | 00:07:12,519 | There may be others, erm... | There may be others, erm... |
109 | 00:07:12,724 | 00:07:16,950 | Well, I won't do that usual thing authors do of looking for them! | Well, I won't do that usual thing authors do of looking for them! |
110 | 00:07:20,528 | 00:07:23,759 | Tolstoy's answer to the threat of meaninglessness | Tolstoy's answer to the threat of meaninglessness |
111 | 00:07:23,760 | 00:07:27,760 | was to go back and consciously embrace God. | was to go back and consciously embrace God. |
112 | 00:07:29,280 | 00:07:31,159 | He does exist. | He does exist. |
113 | 00:07:31,410 | 00:07:33,867 | I had only to recognise this for an instant | I had only to recognise this for an instant |
114 | 00:07:33,920 | 00:07:37,920 | and I would feel the possibility and joy of living. | and I would feel the possibility and joy of living. |
115 | 00:07:40,000 | 00:07:42,151 | I returned to a belief in God. | I returned to a belief in God. |
116 | 00:07:42,920 | 00:07:46,590 | I now knew that I could not live without it. | I now knew that I could not live without it. |
117 | 00:07:48,160 | 00:07:49,237 | As an old man, | As an old man, |
118 | 00:07:49,600 | 00:07:54,018 | Tolstoy separated himself from society to lead a Christian sect. | Tolstoy separated himself from society to lead a Christian sect. |
119 | 00:07:54,480 | 00:07:58,480 | He ended up, like these monks, a religious recluse. | He ended up, like these monks, a religious recluse. |
120 | 00:07:59,560 | 00:08:04,230 | But I want to know, can a person find meaning and fulfilment, | But I want to know, can a person find meaning and fulfilment, |
121 | 00:08:04,350 | 00:08:07,430 | devoting himself to spiritual life? | devoting himself to spiritual life? |
122 | 00:08:08,365 | 00:08:11,313 | Brother Michael, one of the youngest monks in the order, | Brother Michael, one of the youngest monks in the order, |
123 | 00:08:11,360 | 00:08:15,989 | has, like Tolstoy, given up the world and earthly possessions. | has, like Tolstoy, given up the world and earthly possessions. |
124 | 00:08:18,280 | 00:08:22,628 | My life I direct towards God and finding a relationship with God, | My life I direct towards God and finding a relationship with God, |
125 | 00:08:22,908 | 00:08:24,599 | and I find meaning in that, | and I find meaning in that, |
126 | 00:08:24,859 | 00:08:28,981 | and as...hopefully I grow towards God, I'll grow towards other people. | and as...hopefully I grow towards God, I'll grow towards other people. |
127 | 00:08:29,636 | 00:08:32,559 | What do you miss about the life you could've had? | What do you miss about the life you could've had? |
128 | 00:08:32,920 | 00:08:34,360 | Erm... | Erm... |
129 | 00:08:34,480 | 00:08:37,360 | This morning I had to go to the chemist, | This morning I had to go to the chemist, |
130 | 00:08:37,480 | 00:08:40,753 | and on the way out, there was a young lady | and on the way out, there was a young lady |
131 | 00:08:40,930 | 00:08:42,698 | er... with her child, | er... with her child, |
132 | 00:08:42,818 | 00:08:44,119 | and as they walked down the street, | and as they walked down the street, |
133 | 00:08:44,128 | 00:08:47,183 | they had Tigger the tiger holding between their hands. | they had Tigger the tiger holding between their hands. |
134 | 00:08:47,198 | 00:08:48,478 | Tigger from Winnie the Pooh? | Tigger from Winnie the Pooh? |
135 | 00:08:48,486 | 00:08:50,960 | Tigger from Winnie The Pooh, and it stirred my heart. | Tigger from Winnie The Pooh, and it stirred my heart. |
136 | 00:08:51,236 | 00:08:52,799 | My heart sort of... | My heart sort of... |
137 | 00:08:53,133 | 00:08:55,159 | You feel you'd have liked to have had a child of your own? | You feel you'd have liked to have had a child of your own? |
138 | 00:08:55,160 | 00:08:56,839 | Yeah. It's just like...yeah. | Yeah. It's just like...yeah. |
139 | 00:08:56,840 | 00:08:59,790 | I've given up a family, which is part of the life. | I've given up a family, which is part of the life. |
140 | 00:09:01,280 | 00:09:04,160 | I worry that these men are running from reality | I worry that these men are running from reality |
141 | 00:09:04,280 | 00:09:07,550 | and squandering their lives. | and squandering their lives. |
142 | 00:09:07,939 | 00:09:11,399 | Isn't facing up to the challenges of the real world | Isn't facing up to the challenges of the real world |
143 | 00:09:11,400 | 00:09:13,240 | what makes life worthwhile? | what makes life worthwhile? |
144 | 00:09:14,568 | 00:09:16,747 | - Can you talk while polishing? - Yes. | - Can you talk while polishing? - Yes. |
145 | 00:09:17,418 | 00:09:20,214 | Brother William gave up a career as a banker | Brother William gave up a career as a banker |
146 | 00:09:20,222 | 00:09:22,949 | to join the monastery ten years ago. | to join the monastery ten years ago. |
147 | 00:09:23,742 | 00:09:25,200 | The meaning of life for me | The meaning of life for me |
148 | 00:09:25,215 | 00:09:27,051 | is being there for other people. | is being there for other people. |
149 | 00:09:27,066 | 00:09:28,272 | Yes. | Yes. |
150 | 00:09:28,392 | 00:09:30,053 | And it's a sacrifice | And it's a sacrifice |
151 | 00:09:30,282 | 00:09:31,752 | that I'm willing to make. | that I'm willing to make. |
152 | 00:09:33,560 | 00:09:36,959 | But if you want to do good to other people, | But if you want to do good to other people, |
153 | 00:09:37,079 | 00:09:39,519 | it seems a slightly odd way to go about it | it seems a slightly odd way to go about it |
154 | 00:09:39,520 | 00:09:41,281 | to shut yourself away in a monastery. | to shut yourself away in a monastery. |
155 | 00:09:41,327 | 00:09:45,480 | Couldn't you do more good if you were out there in the outside world? | Couldn't you do more good if you were out there in the outside world? |
156 | 00:09:45,685 | 00:09:49,993 | You can see how our prayers affect people's lives, | You can see how our prayers affect people's lives, |
157 | 00:09:50,290 | 00:09:54,778 | and how they've come through a personal problem, | and how they've come through a personal problem, |
158 | 00:09:54,969 | 00:09:57,414 | that they've felt our support here. | that they've felt our support here. |
159 | 00:09:57,534 | 00:10:00,720 | (THEY CHANT) | (THEY CHANT) |
160 | 00:10:00,840 | 00:10:03,963 | These monks find meaning in devotion to God, | These monks find meaning in devotion to God, |
161 | 00:10:03,969 | 00:10:06,264 | in prayer and solitude. | in prayer and solitude. |
162 | 00:10:13,998 | 00:10:16,639 | They're entitled to their beliefs of course. | They're entitled to their beliefs of course. |
163 | 00:10:16,759 | 00:10:19,559 | But, what a slender life to lead | But, what a slender life to lead |
164 | 00:10:19,679 | 00:10:21,678 | when you could be out there in the real world, | when you could be out there in the real world, |
165 | 00:10:21,694 | 00:10:24,786 | teaching, learning, maybe doing good. | teaching, learning, maybe doing good. |
166 | 00:10:30,089 | 00:10:34,720 | It seemed to me to be a sort of sadly inadequate life. | It seemed to me to be a sort of sadly inadequate life. |
167 | 00:10:35,805 | 00:10:37,919 | Not really a life at all. | Not really a life at all. |
168 | 00:10:38,152 | 00:10:40,590 | Just very, very sad. | Just very, very sad. |
169 | 00:10:44,240 | 00:10:46,119 | Of course, I don't believe in God, | Of course, I don't believe in God, |
170 | 00:10:46,120 | 00:10:48,948 | but I do understand Tolstoy's predicament. | but I do understand Tolstoy's predicament. |
171 | 00:10:50,038 | 00:10:52,805 | I just don't see how cloistering yourself away like this | I just don't see how cloistering yourself away like this |
172 | 00:10:52,828 | 00:10:55,350 | can add meaning to life. | can add meaning to life. |
173 | 00:10:59,970 | 00:11:03,880 | Perhaps a better approach would be to embrace life's uncertainties | Perhaps a better approach would be to embrace life's uncertainties |
174 | 00:11:04,284 | 00:11:06,729 | and take a few risks? | and take a few risks? |
175 | 00:11:22,073 | 00:11:25,555 | Many of our greatest minds have struggled with the idea that | Many of our greatest minds have struggled with the idea that |
176 | 00:11:25,570 | 00:11:29,080 | if there is no God, life has no meaning. | if there is no God, life has no meaning. |
177 | 00:11:32,214 | 00:11:35,520 | One of the bleakest reactions was that of Graham Greene. | One of the bleakest reactions was that of Graham Greene. |
178 | 00:11:35,640 | 00:11:37,199 | Greene was of course to become | Greene was of course to become |
179 | 00:11:37,200 | 00:11:40,039 | one of the great Catholic writers of the 20th century, | one of the great Catholic writers of the 20th century, |
180 | 00:11:40,159 | 00:11:42,602 | but as a young man he was agnostic. | but as a young man he was agnostic. |
181 | 00:11:42,722 | 00:11:45,545 | He was also reckless and extremely bored. | He was also reckless and extremely bored. |
182 | 00:11:46,261 | 00:11:49,324 | He carried what he called his "war against boredom" | He carried what he called his "war against boredom" |
183 | 00:11:49,339 | 00:11:51,640 | to a shocking and dangerous extreme. | to a shocking and dangerous extreme. |
184 | 00:11:53,872 | 00:11:56,505 | Greene lived to the ripe old age of 86, | Greene lived to the ripe old age of 86, |
185 | 00:11:57,077 | 00:12:00,170 | but statistically he shouldn't have made it past 19. | but statistically he shouldn't have made it past 19. |
186 | 00:12:02,402 | 00:12:05,768 | "I remember very clearly the afternoon I found the revolver | "I remember very clearly the afternoon I found the revolver |
187 | 00:12:05,888 | 00:12:08,503 | "in the brown deal corner cupboard, in a bedroom | "in the brown deal corner cupboard, in a bedroom |
188 | 00:12:08,623 | 00:12:11,161 | "which I shared with my elder brother. | "which I shared with my elder brother. |
189 | 00:12:11,374 | 00:12:14,307 | "It was the early autumn of 1923. | "It was the early autumn of 1923. |
190 | 00:12:14,787 | 00:12:16,874 | "I slipped the revolver into my pocket | "I slipped the revolver into my pocket |
191 | 00:12:16,889 | 00:12:18,345 | "and the next I remember, | "and the next I remember, |
192 | 00:12:18,360 | 00:12:22,670 | "was crossing the Berkhamstead Common towards Ashridge Beaches." | "was crossing the Berkhamstead Common towards Ashridge Beaches." |
193 | 00:12:23,217 | 00:12:27,510 | Greene had been reading a book about soldiers during the Russian Civil War. | Greene had been reading a book about soldiers during the Russian Civil War. |
194 | 00:12:27,770 | 00:12:33,110 | Away from the frontline, they invented hazardous games to avoid boredom. | Away from the frontline, they invented hazardous games to avoid boredom. |
195 | 00:12:34,018 | 00:12:35,406 | "This was not suicide, | "This was not suicide, |
196 | 00:12:35,526 | 00:12:37,775 | "whatever a coroner's jury might have said, | "whatever a coroner's jury might have said, |
197 | 00:12:37,895 | 00:12:39,314 | "it was a gamble... | "it was a gamble... |
198 | 00:12:39,352 | 00:12:42,636 | with five chances to one against an inquest. | with five chances to one against an inquest. |
199 | 00:12:43,744 | 00:12:45,740 | "I slipped a bullet into a chamber | "I slipped a bullet into a chamber |
200 | 00:12:45,860 | 00:12:48,315 | "and holding the revolver behind my back | "and holding the revolver behind my back |
201 | 00:12:48,368 | 00:12:51,180 | "spun the chambers round. | "spun the chambers round. |
202 | 00:12:55,053 | 00:12:58,470 | "I put the muzzle of the revolver into my right ear." | "I put the muzzle of the revolver into my right ear." |
203 | 00:13:02,679 | 00:13:03,868 | CHAMBER CLICKS | CHAMBER CLICKS |
204 | 00:13:04,310 | 00:13:05,999 | "There was a minute click | "There was a minute click |
205 | 00:13:06,289 | 00:13:10,291 | and looking down I could see the charge had moved into the firing position. | and looking down I could see the charge had moved into the firing position. |
206 | 00:13:10,411 | 00:13:12,439 | "I was out by one." | "I was out by one." |
207 | 00:13:13,618 | 00:13:16,150 | Graham Greene lived by chance. | Graham Greene lived by chance. |
208 | 00:13:16,410 | 00:13:18,134 | He had absolutely no control | He had absolutely no control |
209 | 00:13:18,142 | 00:13:20,999 | over the outcome when he pulled the trigger. | over the outcome when he pulled the trigger. |
210 | 00:13:21,457 | 00:13:23,682 | What Greene did was utterly crazy. | What Greene did was utterly crazy. |
211 | 00:13:23,697 | 00:13:25,190 | No matter how bored I was, | No matter how bored I was, |
212 | 00:13:25,198 | 00:13:28,479 | I would never trust my life to chance in such a way. | I would never trust my life to chance in such a way. |
213 | 00:13:29,289 | 00:13:33,482 | But the reality is that we have less control over our lives | But the reality is that we have less control over our lives |
214 | 00:13:33,602 | 00:13:35,790 | than we might like to think. | than we might like to think. |
215 | 00:13:51,630 | 00:13:55,590 | When a tornado struck Joplin, Missouri in May 2011, | When a tornado struck Joplin, Missouri in May 2011, |
216 | 00:13:55,936 | 00:13:59,143 | death and destruction were indiscriminate. | death and destruction were indiscriminate. |
217 | 00:14:01,482 | 00:14:05,294 | The young Graham Greene would have embraced the truth of that tornado. | The young Graham Greene would have embraced the truth of that tornado. |
218 | 00:14:06,848 | 00:14:09,157 | Joplin's fate hung on chance, | Joplin's fate hung on chance, |
219 | 00:14:09,277 | 00:14:12,433 | just like his game of Russian roulette. | just like his game of Russian roulette. |
220 | 00:14:14,368 | 00:14:17,644 | While 7,000 buildings were blown away, | While 7,000 buildings were blown away, |
221 | 00:14:17,683 | 00:14:19,953 | others survived unscathed. | others survived unscathed. |
222 | 00:14:25,339 | 00:14:28,242 | There is tremendous survivor's guilt in the community. | There is tremendous survivor's guilt in the community. |
223 | 00:14:28,972 | 00:14:31,439 | That, I haven't experienced before. | That, I haven't experienced before. |
224 | 00:14:31,854 | 00:14:36,462 | Survivor's guilt meaning why did I survive when someone else died? | Survivor's guilt meaning why did I survive when someone else died? |
225 | 00:14:36,660 | 00:14:38,100 | Why did that little child died? | Why did that little child died? |
226 | 00:14:38,610 | 00:14:41,888 | I'm 70 years of age, why didn't you take me, God? | I'm 70 years of age, why didn't you take me, God? |
227 | 00:14:41,917 | 00:14:43,870 | Why should that mother lose that child? | Why should that mother lose that child? |
228 | 00:14:46,970 | 00:14:48,996 | But do you think he could have stopped the tornado? | But do you think he could have stopped the tornado? |
229 | 00:14:48,997 | 00:14:51,046 | Of course he could, he could stop anything he wants. | Of course he could, he could stop anything he wants. |
230 | 00:14:51,047 | 00:14:52,212 | Then, why didn't he? | Then, why didn't he? |
231 | 00:14:52,228 | 00:14:53,294 | Er... | Er... |
232 | 00:14:53,325 | 00:14:55,855 | - ..because we don't understand, it's a mystery! - He is a mystery? | - ..because we don't understand, it's a mystery! - He is a mystery? |
233 | 00:14:55,871 | 00:14:57,044 | He is a mystery, and... | He is a mystery, and... |
234 | 00:14:57,075 | 00:14:59,370 | I can't intellectually explain that. | I can't intellectually explain that. |
235 | 00:14:59,490 | 00:15:02,539 | And if someone tries to do that, | And if someone tries to do that, |
236 | 00:15:02,659 | 00:15:04,504 | they're gonna come to a dead end | they're gonna come to a dead end |
237 | 00:15:04,512 | 00:15:06,759 | and say it makes no sense. | and say it makes no sense. |
238 | 00:15:10,203 | 00:15:14,040 | It's almost moving the way religious people struggle, | It's almost moving the way religious people struggle, |
239 | 00:15:14,160 | 00:15:16,740 | twist and turn to find some excuse for this, | twist and turn to find some excuse for this, |
240 | 00:15:16,930 | 00:15:20,976 | some sort of meaning, some part of God's plan. | some sort of meaning, some part of God's plan. |
241 | 00:15:21,533 | 00:15:23,628 | If it was part of anybody's plan, | If it was part of anybody's plan, |
242 | 00:15:23,643 | 00:15:26,615 | what an unthinkably awful plan it would have to be! | what an unthinkably awful plan it would have to be! |
243 | 00:15:30,180 | 00:15:31,496 | But even if you're an atheist, | But even if you're an atheist, |
244 | 00:15:31,755 | 00:15:36,372 | the idea of living or dying by chance alone is hard to accept. | the idea of living or dying by chance alone is hard to accept. |
245 | 00:15:37,165 | 00:15:39,772 | Atheists may think they've given up God, | Atheists may think they've given up God, |
246 | 00:15:39,892 | 00:15:42,643 | but it's only human to cling to the idea that | but it's only human to cling to the idea that |
247 | 00:15:42,658 | 00:15:45,432 | "things happen for a reason". | "things happen for a reason". |
248 | 00:15:47,016 | 00:15:50,000 | If you look at the misfortune and fortune | If you look at the misfortune and fortune |
249 | 00:15:50,228 | 00:15:53,030 | in human life, in the universe generally, | in human life, in the universe generally, |
250 | 00:15:53,200 | 00:15:57,435 | there is no pattern as relates to people, | there is no pattern as relates to people, |
251 | 00:15:57,443 | 00:15:59,879 | the pattern is entirely related to physics. | the pattern is entirely related to physics. |
252 | 00:15:59,880 | 00:16:03,513 | The universe has exactly the properties we'd expect | The universe has exactly the properties we'd expect |
253 | 00:16:03,514 | 00:16:07,110 | if there was no plan, no design, no aim, | if there was no plan, no design, no aim, |
254 | 00:16:07,591 | 00:16:11,929 | just blind indifferent... forces of nature. | just blind indifferent... forces of nature. |
255 | 00:16:21,901 | 00:16:25,958 | If, like Graham Greene, you understand life as a game of chance, | If, like Graham Greene, you understand life as a game of chance, |
256 | 00:16:25,973 | 00:16:28,533 | and if you believe there is no God pulling your strings, | and if you believe there is no God pulling your strings, |
257 | 00:16:28,578 | 00:16:31,751 | making plans for you, why not just play the game? | making plans for you, why not just play the game? |
258 | 00:16:31,774 | 00:16:34,182 | The great gambling game of life. | The great gambling game of life. |
259 | 00:16:40,817 | 00:16:42,200 | Unbelievable place. | Unbelievable place. |
260 | 00:16:42,554 | 00:16:45,076 | It's sort of trying to be the seven wonders of the world. | It's sort of trying to be the seven wonders of the world. |
261 | 00:16:47,480 | 00:16:50,190 | Look at that medieval castle there. | Look at that medieval castle there. |
262 | 00:16:52,440 | 00:16:54,234 | There's the Statue of Liberty. | There's the Statue of Liberty. |
263 | 00:16:56,160 | 00:16:57,884 | There's a replica of Venice somewhere. | There's a replica of Venice somewhere. |
264 | 00:16:57,907 | 00:16:59,990 | There's the Chrysler Building. | There's the Chrysler Building. |
265 | 00:17:01,228 | 00:17:03,987 | I'm often told that my vision of a godless future | I'm often told that my vision of a godless future |
266 | 00:17:03,988 | 00:17:07,160 | is just as devoid of meaning as Las Vegas. | is just as devoid of meaning as Las Vegas. |
267 | 00:17:07,280 | 00:17:10,480 | That without God, all you're left with is materialism | That without God, all you're left with is materialism |
268 | 00:17:10,510 | 00:17:12,790 | and mindless slot machines. | and mindless slot machines. |
269 | 00:17:15,132 | 00:17:17,372 | But I've come here because I think Las Vegas | But I've come here because I think Las Vegas |
270 | 00:17:17,379 | 00:17:19,510 | reveals something fascinating, | reveals something fascinating, |
271 | 00:17:19,770 | 00:17:24,384 | humanity's deep-seated belief that we can prevail over chance. | humanity's deep-seated belief that we can prevail over chance. |
272 | 00:17:26,541 | 00:17:28,430 | People come here filled with hope. | People come here filled with hope. |
273 | 00:17:28,600 | 00:17:30,160 | Everybody knows the casinos | Everybody knows the casinos |
274 | 00:17:30,280 | 00:17:33,123 | have a terrific mark-up percentage for the house, | have a terrific mark-up percentage for the house, |
275 | 00:17:33,440 | 00:17:36,602 | and yet they still go on feeding that hope, | and yet they still go on feeding that hope, |
276 | 00:17:36,770 | 00:17:40,351 | and feeding the slot machines and losing their money. | and feeding the slot machines and losing their money. |
277 | 00:17:41,425 | 00:17:43,079 | Hey, Richard. How's it going? | Hey, Richard. How's it going? |
278 | 00:17:43,080 | 00:17:43,825 | OK. | OK. |
279 | 00:17:43,841 | 00:17:44,759 | You winning? | You winning? |
280 | 00:17:44,760 | 00:17:46,351 | - No, I've lost every time so far. - Oh, my God! | - No, I've lost every time so far. - Oh, my God! |
281 | 00:17:46,367 | 00:17:49,639 | Well, now your luck's gonna change, because I know physics! | Well, now your luck's gonna change, because I know physics! |
282 | 00:17:49,759 | 00:17:50,612 | OK. | OK. |
283 | 00:17:50,732 | 00:17:52,492 | He may look like a card sharp, | He may look like a card sharp, |
284 | 00:17:52,508 | 00:17:55,960 | but the gentleman in the shades is actually a physicist. | but the gentleman in the shades is actually a physicist. |
285 | 00:17:56,722 | 00:17:59,183 | Leonard Mlodinow is fascinated | Leonard Mlodinow is fascinated |
286 | 00:17:59,198 | 00:18:03,230 | by how human beings are incapable of understanding chance. | by how human beings are incapable of understanding chance. |
287 | 00:18:06,209 | 00:18:07,600 | 32. | 32. |
288 | 00:18:09,820 | 00:18:10,948 | I won and I lost. | I won and I lost. |
289 | 00:18:12,060 | 00:18:14,975 | When people are playing these games we see around us, | When people are playing these games we see around us, |
290 | 00:18:14,986 | 00:18:16,918 | am I right that many of them, | am I right that many of them, |
291 | 00:18:16,933 | 00:18:19,823 | even if there's absolutely no bias between red and black, | even if there's absolutely no bias between red and black, |
292 | 00:18:19,857 | 00:18:21,205 | many people will say, | many people will say, |
293 | 00:18:21,221 | 00:18:24,369 | "Oh, well it has been red, red, red, for such a long time, it's black's turn." | "Oh, well it has been red, red, red, for such a long time, it's black's turn." |
294 | 00:18:24,489 | 00:18:27,826 | That's right. That's called The Gambler's Fallacy. | That's right. That's called The Gambler's Fallacy. |
295 | 00:18:28,839 | 00:18:31,233 | I you flip a coin a zillion times, | I you flip a coin a zillion times, |
296 | 00:18:31,255 | 00:18:33,229 | you're going to get about half a zillion heads | you're going to get about half a zillion heads |
297 | 00:18:33,252 | 00:18:34,806 | and half a zillion tails. | and half a zillion tails. |
298 | 00:18:34,852 | 00:18:38,409 | So people's thinking goes, if they bothered to logically think about it, | So people's thinking goes, if they bothered to logically think about it, |
299 | 00:18:38,416 | 00:18:41,706 | is that, "OK, I've seen 10 tails in a row, | is that, "OK, I've seen 10 tails in a row, |
300 | 00:18:41,826 | 00:18:44,159 | "so if it's gonna be half heads and half tails, | "so if it's gonna be half heads and half tails, |
301 | 00:18:44,167 | 00:18:45,561 | the heads better catch up." | the heads better catch up." |
302 | 00:18:45,612 | 00:18:47,425 | - But that's not the way it works. - OK. | - But that's not the way it works. - OK. |
303 | 00:18:47,545 | 00:18:49,718 | You could throw it a zillion times and get all heads. | You could throw it a zillion times and get all heads. |
304 | 00:18:51,266 | 00:18:52,645 | The point about our brain | The point about our brain |
305 | 00:18:52,996 | 00:18:56,640 | is that it insists on seeing order, meaning and pattern | is that it insists on seeing order, meaning and pattern |
306 | 00:18:56,760 | 00:18:58,459 | even where there is none. | even where there is none. |
307 | 00:18:59,170 | 00:19:01,310 | It's a very human characteristic | It's a very human characteristic |
308 | 00:19:01,430 | 00:19:03,672 | to fool ourselves that we are in control. | to fool ourselves that we are in control. |
309 | 00:19:05,699 | 00:19:08,213 | In today's world, it seems that we make more mistakes | In today's world, it seems that we make more mistakes |
310 | 00:19:08,251 | 00:19:09,844 | seeing patterns that aren't there | seeing patterns that aren't there |
311 | 00:19:09,859 | 00:19:11,920 | rather than missing patterns that are there. | rather than missing patterns that are there. |
312 | 00:19:12,040 | 00:19:14,030 | In fact, there's a great experiment on that, | In fact, there's a great experiment on that, |
313 | 00:19:14,053 | 00:19:18,009 | they put a rat in front of a red light and a green light. | they put a rat in front of a red light and a green light. |
314 | 00:19:18,129 | 00:19:20,163 | And the red light and the green light flash | And the red light and the green light flash |
315 | 00:19:20,178 | 00:19:21,847 | without any pattern, at random. | without any pattern, at random. |
316 | 00:19:21,885 | 00:19:24,573 | But the green light flashes 75% of the time, | But the green light flashes 75% of the time, |
317 | 00:19:24,825 | 00:19:27,691 | and the red light flashes 25% of the time. | and the red light flashes 25% of the time. |
318 | 00:19:27,811 | 00:19:30,204 | And the rat, if it guesses correctly which is going to flash, | And the rat, if it guesses correctly which is going to flash, |
319 | 00:19:30,227 | 00:19:31,775 | it gets a little sugar water. | it gets a little sugar water. |
320 | 00:19:31,895 | 00:19:33,879 | So when they let the rats do this, | So when they let the rats do this, |
321 | 00:19:33,887 | 00:19:35,586 | they see after a while that | they see after a while that |
322 | 00:19:35,609 | 00:19:37,956 | the green light is flashing more than the red light | the green light is flashing more than the red light |
323 | 00:19:37,972 | 00:19:40,907 | and they just start guessing green, green, green, green, every time. | and they just start guessing green, green, green, green, every time. |
324 | 00:19:41,027 | 00:19:43,823 | And they get it right 75% of the time and are happy with that. | And they get it right 75% of the time and are happy with that. |
325 | 00:19:43,831 | 00:19:44,568 | Which is sensible. | Which is sensible. |
326 | 00:19:44,576 | 00:19:45,990 | - That's what you should do. - Yeah. | - That's what you should do. - Yeah. |
327 | 00:19:46,250 | 00:19:48,431 | But people, we think we know better, right? | But people, we think we know better, right? |
328 | 00:19:48,439 | 00:19:51,006 | So when they put humans in front of such an experiment, | So when they put humans in front of such an experiment, |
329 | 00:19:51,029 | 00:19:53,088 | most people won't do what the rat does. | most people won't do what the rat does. |
330 | 00:19:53,208 | 00:19:57,036 | They've seen that it's 75% green and they'll guess a pattern. | They've seen that it's 75% green and they'll guess a pattern. |
331 | 00:19:57,622 | 00:20:00,045 | They'll go, green, green, red, green, green, green, red. | They'll go, green, green, red, green, green, green, red. |
332 | 00:20:00,061 | 00:20:02,476 | They'll start spewing out these red and greens | They'll start spewing out these red and greens |
333 | 00:20:02,489 | 00:20:03,754 | in some weird pattern | in some weird pattern |
334 | 00:20:03,800 | 00:20:07,345 | that's tailored to be 75% green and 25% red, | that's tailored to be 75% green and 25% red, |
335 | 00:20:07,397 | 00:20:09,142 | thinking that they can, you know, beat the system, | thinking that they can, you know, beat the system, |
336 | 00:20:09,149 | 00:20:11,625 | just like the people here in the casino think they can. | just like the people here in the casino think they can. |
337 | 00:20:11,660 | 00:20:13,336 | And when you do that, you end up about, | And when you do that, you end up about, |
338 | 00:20:13,344 | 00:20:16,039 | I think, 60% of the time you get it right, instead of 75%. | I think, 60% of the time you get it right, instead of 75%. |
339 | 00:20:16,437 | 00:20:18,570 | And so the humans are out performed by a rat. | And so the humans are out performed by a rat. |
340 | 00:20:18,601 | 00:20:19,294 | Yes. | Yes. |
341 | 00:20:19,332 | 00:20:22,005 | That's because we see patterns where there aren't any. | That's because we see patterns where there aren't any. |
342 | 00:20:22,035 | 00:20:23,833 | That's just the way our minds work. | That's just the way our minds work. |
343 | 00:20:23,833 | 00:20:26,645 | Too clever by half. Or too clever by three quarters, in this case. | Too clever by half. Or too clever by three quarters, in this case. |
344 | 00:20:26,690 | 00:20:27,650 | Too clever, yes. | Too clever, yes. |
345 | 00:20:28,344 | 00:20:30,508 | I'm going to throw everything on my birthday. | I'm going to throw everything on my birthday. |
346 | 00:20:31,199 | 00:20:33,560 | Yours is the 26th? Mine is the 26th! | Yours is the 26th? Mine is the 26th! |
347 | 00:20:33,583 | 00:20:34,284 | Oh, wow! | Oh, wow! |
348 | 00:20:34,338 | 00:20:37,065 | Both our birthdays are the 26th! So... (LAUGHS) | Both our birthdays are the 26th! So... (LAUGHS) |
349 | 00:20:38,612 | 00:20:40,616 | 26 is even so I'm going to win that too. | 26 is even so I'm going to win that too. |
350 | 00:20:40,639 | 00:20:42,350 | Maybe I should put this on odd? | Maybe I should put this on odd? |
351 | 00:20:45,230 | 00:20:47,554 | Perhaps this is part of the explanation | Perhaps this is part of the explanation |
352 | 00:20:47,562 | 00:20:50,246 | why religion evolved in the first place, | why religion evolved in the first place, |
353 | 00:20:50,366 | 00:20:55,390 | it satisfied our desperate desire to find meaning and order in the chaos. | it satisfied our desperate desire to find meaning and order in the chaos. |
354 | 00:20:57,390 | 00:21:00,310 | In playing the ultimate game of chance, Russian roulette, | In playing the ultimate game of chance, Russian roulette, |
355 | 00:21:00,638 | 00:21:04,142 | the young Graham Greene grasped what so many of us fail to, | the young Graham Greene grasped what so many of us fail to, |
356 | 00:21:05,003 | 00:21:06,670 | there is no pattern. | there is no pattern. |
357 | 00:21:07,137 | 00:21:08,412 | 26! 26! | 26! 26! |
358 | 00:21:08,693 | 00:21:10,790 | We have no control. | We have no control. |
359 | 00:21:11,276 | 00:21:13,350 | Ooh! We came so close! | Ooh! We came so close! |
360 | 00:21:14,179 | 00:21:16,602 | Greene took his chances and pulled the trigger | Greene took his chances and pulled the trigger |
361 | 00:21:16,608 | 00:21:18,638 | on another five occasions, | on another five occasions, |
362 | 00:21:18,758 | 00:21:23,042 | before the effect of what he called "his adrenaline drug" wore off. | before the effect of what he called "his adrenaline drug" wore off. |
363 | 00:21:26,650 | 00:21:28,688 | What Greene did may seem crazy, | What Greene did may seem crazy, |
364 | 00:21:28,696 | 00:21:30,500 | but there is a grim logic to it. | but there is a grim logic to it. |
365 | 00:21:30,620 | 00:21:32,755 | Seize the reins, dance with death! | Seize the reins, dance with death! |
366 | 00:21:32,801 | 00:21:35,080 | You're going to die anyway. | You're going to die anyway. |
367 | 00:21:35,200 | 00:21:36,679 | CHAMBER CLICKS | CHAMBER CLICKS |
368 | 00:21:36,908 | 00:21:39,041 | Happily for Greene, he beat the odds. | Happily for Greene, he beat the odds. |
369 | 00:21:43,475 | 00:21:46,640 | Greene would later convert to Roman Catholicism, | Greene would later convert to Roman Catholicism, |
370 | 00:21:46,760 | 00:21:49,480 | but Russian roulette of a kind stayed with him. | but Russian roulette of a kind stayed with him. |
371 | 00:21:49,600 | 00:21:51,355 | As a journalist and spy, | As a journalist and spy, |
372 | 00:21:51,371 | 00:21:54,710 | Greene risked his life in numerous war zones. | Greene risked his life in numerous war zones. |
373 | 00:21:56,574 | 00:21:59,752 | "The fear of ambush served me just as effectively | "The fear of ambush served me just as effectively |
374 | 00:21:59,759 | 00:22:01,973 | "as the revolver from the corner cupboard, | "as the revolver from the corner cupboard, |
375 | 00:22:01,988 | 00:22:04,710 | in the life-long war against boredom." | in the life-long war against boredom." |
376 | 00:22:10,133 | 00:22:13,200 | Tolstoy found meaning by hiding himself away. | Tolstoy found meaning by hiding himself away. |
377 | 00:22:14,069 | 00:22:16,430 | Greene went in the opposite direction. | Greene went in the opposite direction. |
378 | 00:22:18,869 | 00:22:21,117 | But the next great mind I shall consider | But the next great mind I shall consider |
379 | 00:22:21,132 | 00:22:25,907 | tried to argue meaning into even the most meaningless toil imaginable. | tried to argue meaning into even the most meaningless toil imaginable. |
380 | 00:22:38,402 | 00:22:43,070 | More and more of us now do not believe in God or life after death. | More and more of us now do not believe in God or life after death. |
381 | 00:22:43,330 | 00:22:46,710 | We live and then we die, and that's it. | We live and then we die, and that's it. |
382 | 00:22:49,060 | 00:22:50,545 | We are born by chance, | We are born by chance, |
383 | 00:22:50,774 | 00:22:53,433 | and our lives are shaped by chance events. | and our lives are shaped by chance events. |
384 | 00:22:57,715 | 00:23:00,840 | I know this is a difficult pill to swallow for many people, | I know this is a difficult pill to swallow for many people, |
385 | 00:23:00,960 | 00:23:04,541 | especially those for whom religion still has a hold over their lives. | especially those for whom religion still has a hold over their lives. |
386 | 00:23:05,288 | 00:23:09,410 | Many people have struggled to come to terms with the reality | Many people have struggled to come to terms with the reality |
387 | 00:23:09,426 | 00:23:11,963 | of a purely physical universe. | of a purely physical universe. |
388 | 00:23:12,083 | 00:23:14,470 | So, how do we find meaning? | So, how do we find meaning? |
389 | 00:23:22,806 | 00:23:27,552 | The Second World War laid bare the extent of man's capacity for evil. | The Second World War laid bare the extent of man's capacity for evil. |
390 | 00:23:32,078 | 00:23:34,648 | In Paris, philosophers like Albert Camus | In Paris, philosophers like Albert Camus |
391 | 00:23:34,810 | 00:23:36,339 | met in cafes like this, | met in cafes like this, |
392 | 00:23:36,347 | 00:23:39,090 | to try to make sense of the brutality. | to try to make sense of the brutality. |
393 | 00:23:41,223 | 00:23:44,603 | "Without the aid of eternal values, it is legitimate | "Without the aid of eternal values, it is legitimate |
394 | 00:23:44,626 | 00:23:48,230 | "and necessary to wonder whether life has a meaning." | "and necessary to wonder whether life has a meaning." |
395 | 00:23:50,195 | 00:23:53,601 | Camus was interested in what he called "the absurd", | Camus was interested in what he called "the absurd", |
396 | 00:23:53,624 | 00:23:56,744 | that our life must have meaning for us to value it, | that our life must have meaning for us to value it, |
397 | 00:23:56,864 | 00:23:59,975 | but we live in a world that offers no meaning. | but we live in a world that offers no meaning. |
398 | 00:24:01,203 | 00:24:04,929 | Unlike Tolstoy and Graham Greene, Camus rejected religion | Unlike Tolstoy and Graham Greene, Camus rejected religion |
399 | 00:24:04,944 | 00:24:07,497 | as a source of the meaning he craved. | as a source of the meaning he craved. |
400 | 00:24:09,449 | 00:24:11,557 | He found inspiration in another myth. | He found inspiration in another myth. |
401 | 00:24:12,113 | 00:24:16,237 | The story of a man whom the Ancient Greek gods had cursed. | The story of a man whom the Ancient Greek gods had cursed. |
402 | 00:24:17,616 | 00:24:20,598 | Camus consoled himself with the myth of Sisyphus, | Camus consoled himself with the myth of Sisyphus, |
403 | 00:24:20,964 | 00:24:23,799 | in which Sisyphus was condemned to spend his whole time | in which Sisyphus was condemned to spend his whole time |
404 | 00:24:23,919 | 00:24:27,425 | rolling a boulder up a mountain and then it rolled to the bottom again, | rolling a boulder up a mountain and then it rolled to the bottom again, |
405 | 00:24:27,545 | 00:24:29,314 | he went to the bottom and rolled it up again, | he went to the bottom and rolled it up again, |
406 | 00:24:29,322 | 00:24:30,585 | and this went on forever. | and this went on forever. |
407 | 00:24:33,840 | 00:24:38,280 | For Camus, accepting even this most futile and repetitive of tasks | For Camus, accepting even this most futile and repetitive of tasks |
408 | 00:24:38,287 | 00:24:42,030 | and not giving up, itself had value. | and not giving up, itself had value. |
409 | 00:24:43,264 | 00:24:45,679 | "The struggle itself towards the heights | "The struggle itself towards the heights |
410 | 00:24:45,680 | 00:24:48,422 | "is enough to fill a man's heart. | "is enough to fill a man's heart. |
411 | 00:24:48,475 | 00:24:51,348 | "We must imagine Sisyphus happy." | "We must imagine Sisyphus happy." |
412 | 00:24:52,970 | 00:24:54,919 | Camus took comfort from this | Camus took comfort from this |
413 | 00:24:54,920 | 00:24:57,253 | because by going to the bottom of the mountain again | because by going to the bottom of the mountain again |
414 | 00:24:57,269 | 00:25:00,583 | and rolling the stone back up, he was at least doing something. | and rolling the stone back up, he was at least doing something. |
415 | 00:25:02,140 | 00:25:06,320 | But can we really find meaning in futile work? | But can we really find meaning in futile work? |
416 | 00:25:08,937 | 00:25:12,076 | Sisyphus may seem admirable to a French intellectual, | Sisyphus may seem admirable to a French intellectual, |
417 | 00:25:12,670 | 00:25:15,719 | but I don't see the appeal of resigning oneself | but I don't see the appeal of resigning oneself |
418 | 00:25:15,720 | 00:25:17,790 | to life's injustices. | to life's injustices. |
419 | 00:25:29,224 | 00:25:30,116 | India - | India - |
420 | 00:25:30,131 | 00:25:31,496 | one of the fastest developing | one of the fastest developing |
421 | 00:25:31,815 | 00:25:34,083 | and most unequal economies in the world. | and most unequal economies in the world. |
422 | 00:25:35,702 | 00:25:38,696 | The human condition doesn't come much more human than this, | The human condition doesn't come much more human than this, |
423 | 00:25:38,917 | 00:25:40,464 | or much more extreme. | or much more extreme. |
424 | 00:25:41,500 | 00:25:43,928 | Everything's going on - the noise, the bustle. | Everything's going on - the noise, the bustle. |
425 | 00:25:43,974 | 00:25:46,465 | It's like an ant-heap of activity. | It's like an ant-heap of activity. |
426 | 00:25:46,760 | 00:25:50,760 | It's a terrifying and yet rather a moving sight. | It's a terrifying and yet rather a moving sight. |
427 | 00:25:56,765 | 00:26:00,840 | This latter-day Sisyphus is called Hori Lal. | This latter-day Sisyphus is called Hori Lal. |
428 | 00:26:00,960 | 00:26:03,032 | His struggle is to clean the streets | His struggle is to clean the streets |
429 | 00:26:03,038 | 00:26:05,829 | and the public lavatory here in Varanasi. | and the public lavatory here in Varanasi. |
430 | 00:26:06,156 | 00:26:10,240 | His task is as endless as Sisyphus' boulder-rolling. | His task is as endless as Sisyphus' boulder-rolling. |
431 | 00:26:10,320 | 00:26:12,966 | These streets are never clean. | These streets are never clean. |
432 | 00:26:14,480 | 00:26:16,039 | Do you enjoy your job? | Do you enjoy your job? |
433 | 00:26:16,699 | 00:26:19,154 | TRANSLATION: Yes, yes. I enjoy doing my job. | TRANSLATION: Yes, yes. I enjoy doing my job. |
434 | 00:26:19,390 | 00:26:21,350 | Do you do the same thing every day? | Do you do the same thing every day? |
435 | 00:26:21,720 | 00:26:23,903 | TRANSLATION: Yes, I do it every day. | TRANSLATION: Yes, I do it every day. |
436 | 00:26:24,269 | 00:26:26,158 | How long have you been doing this job? | How long have you been doing this job? |
437 | 00:26:27,294 | 00:26:29,694 | TRANSLATION: It must be 20 years now. | TRANSLATION: It must be 20 years now. |
438 | 00:26:30,030 | 00:26:31,881 | What hope do you have for the future? | What hope do you have for the future? |
439 | 00:26:31,906 | 00:26:33,811 | TRANSLATION: What hope can I have? | TRANSLATION: What hope can I have? |
440 | 00:26:33,833 | 00:26:36,652 | I have a job to do and I will continue doing it. | I have a job to do and I will continue doing it. |
441 | 00:26:38,899 | 00:26:40,316 | TRANSLATION: It's fate. | TRANSLATION: It's fate. |
442 | 00:26:40,369 | 00:26:42,716 | What we have been made, we will remain. | What we have been made, we will remain. |
443 | 00:26:42,739 | 00:26:44,461 | It can't be changed. | It can't be changed. |
444 | 00:26:49,505 | 00:26:52,692 | I suppose there is something a bit inspiring about Hori Lal's | I suppose there is something a bit inspiring about Hori Lal's |
445 | 00:26:52,707 | 00:26:55,953 | cheerfulness and good humour in the face of life's hardships. | cheerfulness and good humour in the face of life's hardships. |
446 | 00:26:56,791 | 00:26:59,664 | Perhaps it's what Camus saw in the myth of Sisyphus, | Perhaps it's what Camus saw in the myth of Sisyphus, |
447 | 00:27:00,105 | 00:27:01,770 | and it's certainly a wonderful antidote | and it's certainly a wonderful antidote |
448 | 00:27:01,793 | 00:27:03,652 | to us whingers in the rich West, | to us whingers in the rich West, |
449 | 00:27:03,660 | 00:27:07,302 | when we dare to moan about patchy mobile phone reception, | when we dare to moan about patchy mobile phone reception, |
450 | 00:27:07,332 | 00:27:08,940 | or the cost of supermarket food. | or the cost of supermarket food. |
451 | 00:27:13,808 | 00:27:18,433 | But what bothers me is why Hori Lal has been cursed like Sisyphus. | But what bothers me is why Hori Lal has been cursed like Sisyphus. |
452 | 00:27:18,822 | 00:27:19,888 | It's because here, | It's because here, |
453 | 00:27:19,904 | 00:27:22,150 | life's lottery begins at birth, | life's lottery begins at birth, |
454 | 00:27:22,310 | 00:27:26,030 | thanks to the confines of the ancient caste system. | thanks to the confines of the ancient caste system. |
455 | 00:27:26,624 | 00:27:30,198 | This is the Sunday edition of the Hindustan Times | This is the Sunday edition of the Hindustan Times |
456 | 00:27:30,213 | 00:27:33,439 | and it's got a section called "Matrimonials", | and it's got a section called "Matrimonials", |
457 | 00:27:33,440 | 00:27:38,469 | in which fathers advertise for husbands for their daughters. | in which fathers advertise for husbands for their daughters. |
458 | 00:27:38,964 | 00:27:42,378 | And there's a section called "Brides", | And there's a section called "Brides", |
459 | 00:27:42,401 | 00:27:45,623 | where men advertise for wives. | where men advertise for wives. |
460 | 00:27:45,743 | 00:27:48,716 | And the men are usually described as handsome. | And the men are usually described as handsome. |
461 | 00:27:48,836 | 00:27:51,076 | The women are often described as "homely", | The women are often described as "homely", |
462 | 00:27:51,122 | 00:27:53,141 | which I presume means home-loving. | which I presume means home-loving. |
463 | 00:27:53,179 | 00:27:56,616 | But a curious thing about this matrimonials page | But a curious thing about this matrimonials page |
464 | 00:27:56,639 | 00:27:58,359 | is the way it's classified. | is the way it's classified. |
465 | 00:27:58,479 | 00:28:01,008 | There are headings like Brahmin, | There are headings like Brahmin, |
466 | 00:28:01,128 | 00:28:05,899 | and other names from the ancient Hindu caste system, | and other names from the ancient Hindu caste system, |
467 | 00:28:06,019 | 00:28:08,977 | whereby society is stratified | whereby society is stratified |
468 | 00:28:09,097 | 00:28:12,148 | into levels, into separate castes, | into levels, into separate castes, |
469 | 00:28:12,268 | 00:28:15,270 | which are not supposed to marry each other. | which are not supposed to marry each other. |
470 | 00:28:17,440 | 00:28:20,199 | Ancient Hindu scripture divided society | Ancient Hindu scripture divided society |
471 | 00:28:20,200 | 00:28:22,886 | into four distinct groups that you could be born into - | into four distinct groups that you could be born into - |
472 | 00:28:24,212 | 00:28:26,230 | scholars... | scholars... |
473 | 00:28:26,872 | 00:28:28,550 | warriors... | warriors... |
474 | 00:28:28,920 | 00:28:30,190 | merchants... | merchants... |
475 | 00:28:30,560 | 00:28:32,493 | and labourers. | and labourers. |
476 | 00:28:33,787 | 00:28:37,470 | Falling outside this system were the Dalits, the untouchables, | Falling outside this system were the Dalits, the untouchables, |
477 | 00:28:37,840 | 00:28:39,531 | who, like Hori Lal, | who, like Hori Lal, |
478 | 00:28:39,585 | 00:28:43,800 | were condemned to shovel the excrement of the higher castes. | were condemned to shovel the excrement of the higher castes. |
479 | 00:28:53,961 | 00:28:56,784 | This is where I think Camus got it wrong. | This is where I think Camus got it wrong. |
480 | 00:28:57,066 | 00:29:00,167 | Rather than accept fate, surely meaning is found | Rather than accept fate, surely meaning is found |
481 | 00:29:00,182 | 00:29:03,350 | when we revolt against outrageous fortune? | when we revolt against outrageous fortune? |
482 | 00:29:07,219 | 00:29:10,198 | - Mahendra? - Yes. - Very nice to meet you. | - Mahendra? - Yes. - Very nice to meet you. |
483 | 00:29:10,510 | 00:29:12,537 | - Please come. - Thank you. | - Please come. - Thank you. |
484 | 00:29:16,303 | 00:29:18,573 | TRANSLATION: When my father died, I was told that | TRANSLATION: When my father died, I was told that |
485 | 00:29:18,611 | 00:29:20,691 | because there is no money in the family now, | because there is no money in the family now, |
486 | 00:29:20,722 | 00:29:22,959 | you can't study any more. | you can't study any more. |
487 | 00:29:23,556 | 00:29:25,316 | At that time I was very sad | At that time I was very sad |
488 | 00:29:25,323 | 00:29:29,075 | because I had this dream from the start, I have to study. | because I had this dream from the start, I have to study. |
489 | 00:29:33,105 | 00:29:36,800 | Like Hori Lal, Mahendra is a Dalit. | Like Hori Lal, Mahendra is a Dalit. |
490 | 00:29:37,640 | 00:29:40,299 | His father died when he was 14 years old, | His father died when he was 14 years old, |
491 | 00:29:40,337 | 00:29:42,335 | leaving the family penniless. | leaving the family penniless. |
492 | 00:29:42,455 | 00:29:45,876 | Mahendra spent the next four years working as a bonded labourer, | Mahendra spent the next four years working as a bonded labourer, |
493 | 00:29:45,906 | 00:29:47,300 | weaving saris. | weaving saris. |
494 | 00:29:48,257 | 00:29:51,243 | But, unlike Sisyphus, Mahendra defied the gods | But, unlike Sisyphus, Mahendra defied the gods |
495 | 00:29:51,274 | 00:29:53,820 | and threw his boulder away. | and threw his boulder away. |
496 | 00:29:55,522 | 00:29:58,638 | TRANSLATION: I had to face so much discrimination in the society | TRANSLATION: I had to face so much discrimination in the society |
497 | 00:29:58,661 | 00:30:02,141 | for being a Dalit that I felt education could be a good medium | for being a Dalit that I felt education could be a good medium |
498 | 00:30:02,148 | 00:30:04,464 | to get out of the system. | to get out of the system. |
499 | 00:30:05,680 | 00:30:09,302 | A lot of people in your position would probably have given up. | A lot of people in your position would probably have given up. |
500 | 00:30:09,821 | 00:30:12,624 | I hugely admire you for not giving up, | I hugely admire you for not giving up, |
501 | 00:30:12,876 | 00:30:14,790 | but what drove you at that time? | but what drove you at that time? |
502 | 00:30:16,807 | 00:30:19,337 | TRANSLATION: I had always felt that I have to become | TRANSLATION: I had always felt that I have to become |
503 | 00:30:19,360 | 00:30:21,783 | a part of the mainstream society. | a part of the mainstream society. |
504 | 00:30:25,082 | 00:30:28,266 | And that is why I have this thing that I have to study a lot | And that is why I have this thing that I have to study a lot |
505 | 00:30:28,386 | 00:30:31,360 | and earn money so that I can reach mainstream society. | and earn money so that I can reach mainstream society. |
506 | 00:30:36,297 | 00:30:39,588 | Today, Mahendra is studying for a master's degree | Today, Mahendra is studying for a master's degree |
507 | 00:30:39,611 | 00:30:41,720 | and wants to fight the Dalit cause - | and wants to fight the Dalit cause - |
508 | 00:30:41,745 | 00:30:45,840 | help other boulder-rollers break free from their struggle. | help other boulder-rollers break free from their struggle. |
509 | 00:30:47,288 | 00:30:50,511 | It is wonderful to see how an individual can bring himself | It is wonderful to see how an individual can bring himself |
510 | 00:30:50,517 | 00:30:53,870 | out of poverty and downtrodden-ness. | out of poverty and downtrodden-ness. |
511 | 00:30:57,304 | 00:30:59,628 | With Mahendra, we come closer to finding | With Mahendra, we come closer to finding |
512 | 00:30:59,651 | 00:31:01,754 | at least one worthwhile meaning of life. | at least one worthwhile meaning of life. |
513 | 00:31:02,607 | 00:31:04,719 | He is creating his own meaning, | He is creating his own meaning, |
514 | 00:31:04,839 | 00:31:06,478 | but it has a deeper purpose, | but it has a deeper purpose, |
515 | 00:31:06,509 | 00:31:08,830 | making a difference to others as well. | making a difference to others as well. |
516 | 00:31:11,164 | 00:31:13,359 | We can find meaning in struggle, | We can find meaning in struggle, |
517 | 00:31:13,360 | 00:31:16,624 | but we have to define our own meaning in our own struggle, | but we have to define our own meaning in our own struggle, |
518 | 00:31:16,639 | 00:31:18,712 | not one dictated by the gods, | not one dictated by the gods, |
519 | 00:31:18,735 | 00:31:22,087 | by authority or by accident of birth. | by authority or by accident of birth. |
520 | 00:31:35,149 | 00:31:37,404 | So I think meaning is subjective, | So I think meaning is subjective, |
521 | 00:31:37,426 | 00:31:39,910 | something personal we may not all agree on. | something personal we may not all agree on. |
522 | 00:31:40,405 | 00:31:44,893 | But that shouldn't be an invitation to egotism or self-absorption. | But that shouldn't be an invitation to egotism or self-absorption. |
523 | 00:31:47,895 | 00:31:52,190 | Here in northern India, Westerners still come in droves | Here in northern India, Westerners still come in droves |
524 | 00:31:52,375 | 00:31:56,560 | in the hope of finding some deeper meaning in Eastern mysticism. | in the hope of finding some deeper meaning in Eastern mysticism. |
525 | 00:32:00,948 | 00:32:03,416 | People go up mountains for refreshment, | People go up mountains for refreshment, |
526 | 00:32:03,432 | 00:32:05,430 | they go up mountains for wisdom. | they go up mountains for wisdom. |
527 | 00:32:05,800 | 00:32:08,559 | Moses went up Mount Sinai and came down | Moses went up Mount Sinai and came down |
528 | 00:32:08,679 | 00:32:11,390 | with the tablets of traditional Hebrew wisdom. | with the tablets of traditional Hebrew wisdom. |
529 | 00:32:12,322 | 00:32:14,531 | There are lots of people who come from all over the world | There are lots of people who come from all over the world |
530 | 00:32:15,042 | 00:32:17,438 | to a place like this, up a mountain like this, | to a place like this, up a mountain like this, |
531 | 00:32:17,453 | 00:32:19,290 | where there's a Tibetan monastery, | where there's a Tibetan monastery, |
532 | 00:32:19,410 | 00:32:21,901 | seeking what they would call "spiritual wisdom". | seeking what they would call "spiritual wisdom". |
533 | 00:32:27,040 | 00:32:30,880 | Geshe Lhakdor is a Master of Tibetan Buddhism. | Geshe Lhakdor is a Master of Tibetan Buddhism. |
534 | 00:32:31,131 | 00:32:34,571 | He's the Dalai Lama's official translator and archivist. | He's the Dalai Lama's official translator and archivist. |
535 | 00:32:36,453 | 00:32:40,186 | The complete teaching of the Buddha is aimed towards | The complete teaching of the Buddha is aimed towards |
536 | 00:32:40,209 | 00:32:42,860 | transforming your mental outlook | transforming your mental outlook |
537 | 00:32:43,156 | 00:32:46,070 | because the ultimate purpose is to remove | because the ultimate purpose is to remove |
538 | 00:32:46,092 | 00:32:48,264 | all kinds of problems and sufferings. | all kinds of problems and sufferings. |
539 | 00:32:48,820 | 00:32:51,822 | And problems and sufferings and disturbances | And problems and sufferings and disturbances |
540 | 00:32:51,822 | 00:32:55,664 | cannot be removed by relying on external forces | cannot be removed by relying on external forces |
541 | 00:32:55,717 | 00:32:59,400 | or external material sources, or your relatives and friends. | or external material sources, or your relatives and friends. |
542 | 00:32:59,520 | 00:33:03,039 | At the end of the day, the real source of long-lasting peace | At the end of the day, the real source of long-lasting peace |
543 | 00:33:03,053 | 00:33:05,030 | and happiness has to come from within. | and happiness has to come from within. |
544 | 00:33:07,327 | 00:33:08,432 | For a Buddhist, | For a Buddhist, |
545 | 00:33:08,828 | 00:33:11,990 | what matters is accepting that reality will always change. | what matters is accepting that reality will always change. |
546 | 00:33:12,942 | 00:33:15,464 | To be happy in this changing reality, | To be happy in this changing reality, |
547 | 00:33:15,510 | 00:33:17,377 | Buddhists teach that we must eliminate | Buddhists teach that we must eliminate |
548 | 00:33:17,392 | 00:33:19,647 | our attachments to people and possessions. | our attachments to people and possessions. |
549 | 00:33:20,610 | 00:33:23,038 | I sort of half understand that. | I sort of half understand that. |
550 | 00:33:26,740 | 00:33:29,292 | They try to get that sense of direction or happiness | They try to get that sense of direction or happiness |
551 | 00:33:29,315 | 00:33:31,555 | from material accumulation, | from material accumulation, |
552 | 00:33:31,563 | 00:33:34,786 | from marriage, from wealth, from name, | from marriage, from wealth, from name, |
553 | 00:33:35,128 | 00:33:37,609 | but in all these cases | but in all these cases |
554 | 00:33:37,922 | 00:33:41,080 | here or there, they get a lot of problems, a lot of difficulties. | here or there, they get a lot of problems, a lot of difficulties. |
555 | 00:33:41,503 | 00:33:44,573 | So do you think that we, in the West, are too materialistic | So do you think that we, in the West, are too materialistic |
556 | 00:33:44,604 | 00:33:45,808 | in our way of life? | in our way of life? |
557 | 00:33:46,539 | 00:33:47,607 | I think so. | I think so. |
558 | 00:33:47,727 | 00:33:49,150 | To be honest, I think so. | To be honest, I think so. |
559 | 00:33:49,410 | 00:33:52,139 | I think I would agree with you that one doesn't want to devote | I think I would agree with you that one doesn't want to devote |
560 | 00:33:52,146 | 00:33:56,876 | one's life to accumulating material, hedonistic happiness... | one's life to accumulating material, hedonistic happiness... |
561 | 00:33:57,319 | 00:33:59,216 | I'm not sure that I would look inward though. | I'm not sure that I would look inward though. |
562 | 00:33:59,336 | 00:34:02,828 | I think I would I might get happiness from... | I think I would I might get happiness from... |
563 | 00:34:03,360 | 00:34:04,981 | music and from science.... | music and from science.... |
564 | 00:34:05,012 | 00:34:05,682 | Exactly. | Exactly. |
565 | 00:34:05,735 | 00:34:07,817 | Then you do something that is creative, | Then you do something that is creative, |
566 | 00:34:07,937 | 00:34:11,617 | something that really satisfies your inner arts, you know. | something that really satisfies your inner arts, you know. |
567 | 00:34:11,640 | 00:34:15,021 | Yes, but meditating and looking inwards doesn't sound to me | Yes, but meditating and looking inwards doesn't sound to me |
568 | 00:34:15,035 | 00:34:17,435 | as though that's really doing that. Perhaps it helps... | as though that's really doing that. Perhaps it helps... |
569 | 00:34:17,448 | 00:34:18,854 | Of course, of course. | Of course, of course. |
570 | 00:34:18,974 | 00:34:21,371 | The peace and happiness, | The peace and happiness, |
571 | 00:34:21,387 | 00:34:23,870 | the tranquillity that you get | the tranquillity that you get |
572 | 00:34:23,990 | 00:34:26,630 | when you know how to stay alone and go within | when you know how to stay alone and go within |
573 | 00:34:26,750 | 00:34:28,869 | cannot be measured by anything else. | cannot be measured by anything else. |
574 | 00:34:31,238 | 00:34:33,925 | While I agree that an unhealthy consumerism | While I agree that an unhealthy consumerism |
575 | 00:34:33,941 | 00:34:37,209 | dominates our lives today, how convincing is it | dominates our lives today, how convincing is it |
576 | 00:34:37,217 | 00:34:41,440 | that we should detach ourselves from the real world through meditation? | that we should detach ourselves from the real world through meditation? |
577 | 00:34:47,884 | 00:34:51,694 | The great minds we've looked at, Tolstoy, Greene and Camus, | The great minds we've looked at, Tolstoy, Greene and Camus, |
578 | 00:34:51,814 | 00:34:55,123 | all stood out in deeply religious times. | all stood out in deeply religious times. |
579 | 00:34:55,641 | 00:34:58,919 | But we are now at a point in history, in the West at least, | But we are now at a point in history, in the West at least, |
580 | 00:34:58,920 | 00:35:01,670 | when more people than ever are atheist. | when more people than ever are atheist. |
581 | 00:35:02,382 | 00:35:05,300 | So if we are finally shaking off the influence of God, | So if we are finally shaking off the influence of God, |
582 | 00:35:06,181 | 00:35:09,190 | how nowadays do we find meaning? | how nowadays do we find meaning? |
583 | 00:35:09,381 | 00:35:12,817 | I'm going to talk to an outspoken satirist of modern life. | I'm going to talk to an outspoken satirist of modern life. |
584 | 00:35:13,010 | 00:35:15,575 | That's that. No. That's that. | That's that. No. That's that. |
585 | 00:35:15,695 | 00:35:17,458 | Religion is that "nooooo!" | Religion is that "nooooo!" |
586 | 00:35:32,480 | 00:35:35,319 | We've seen that there isn't a simple, single answer | We've seen that there isn't a simple, single answer |
587 | 00:35:35,320 | 00:35:38,119 | to the meaning of life in a world without God. | to the meaning of life in a world without God. |
588 | 00:35:38,335 | 00:35:41,390 | Meaning is something we need to carve out for ourselves. | Meaning is something we need to carve out for ourselves. |
589 | 00:35:44,216 | 00:35:46,115 | We have to find our own meaning | We have to find our own meaning |
590 | 00:35:46,235 | 00:35:48,160 | from the opportunities and challenges | from the opportunities and challenges |
591 | 00:35:48,160 | 00:35:49,905 | that life throws our way, | that life throws our way, |
592 | 00:35:49,911 | 00:35:53,684 | even if that does mean defying convention sometimes. | even if that does mean defying convention sometimes. |
593 | 00:35:54,080 | 00:35:57,974 | I'm going to meet a man who has definitely defined his own way | I'm going to meet a man who has definitely defined his own way |
594 | 00:35:58,094 | 00:35:59,897 | and made a huge success of it, | and made a huge success of it, |
595 | 00:35:59,904 | 00:36:02,990 | but he has ruffled quite a few feathers in doing so. | but he has ruffled quite a few feathers in doing so. |
596 | 00:36:04,440 | 00:36:06,670 | Thanks to everyone in the room for being good sports. | Thanks to everyone in the room for being good sports. |
597 | 00:36:06,693 | 00:36:09,603 | Thanks to NBC. Thanks to Hollywood Foreign Press. | Thanks to NBC. Thanks to Hollywood Foreign Press. |
598 | 00:36:09,723 | 00:36:11,233 | Um, thank you for watching at home. | Um, thank you for watching at home. |
599 | 00:36:11,698 | 00:36:15,340 | And thank you to God for making me an atheist. | And thank you to God for making me an atheist. |
600 | 00:36:15,460 | 00:36:18,790 | When I signed off the Golden Globes by saying... | When I signed off the Golden Globes by saying... |
601 | 00:36:19,353 | 00:36:22,000 | and thanked God for making me an atheist, | and thanked God for making me an atheist, |
602 | 00:36:22,120 | 00:36:24,880 | now, clearly, that was a play on words. | now, clearly, that was a play on words. |
603 | 00:36:25,000 | 00:36:27,679 | Um, it was a little bit of a | Um, it was a little bit of a |
604 | 00:36:28,243 | 00:36:32,250 | redressing the balance to everyone who thanks God for winning an award. | redressing the balance to everyone who thanks God for winning an award. |
605 | 00:36:32,547 | 00:36:34,147 | I've never seen so much outrage | I've never seen so much outrage |
606 | 00:36:34,147 | 00:36:36,320 | as thanking God for making me an atheist. | as thanking God for making me an atheist. |
607 | 00:36:36,326 | 00:36:37,964 | Now, correct me if I'm wrong. | Now, correct me if I'm wrong. |
608 | 00:36:38,021 | 00:36:39,667 | If God exists, | If God exists, |
609 | 00:36:39,663 | 00:36:41,096 | He did make me an atheist, didn't he? | He did make me an atheist, didn't he? |
610 | 00:36:41,812 | 00:36:43,339 | Didn't He? Why did He do that? | Didn't He? Why did He do that? |
611 | 00:36:43,354 | 00:36:44,848 | I read about that. It was astonishing. | I read about that. It was astonishing. |
612 | 00:36:44,855 | 00:36:46,776 | I mean, it really did cause outrage, did it? | I mean, it really did cause outrage, did it? |
613 | 00:36:46,930 | 00:36:49,328 | You usually have to... | You usually have to... |
614 | 00:36:49,763 | 00:36:52,165 | murder and eat someone | murder and eat someone |
615 | 00:36:52,285 | 00:36:54,387 | to get that much publicity in America. | to get that much publicity in America. |
616 | 00:36:54,433 | 00:36:55,200 | How funny. | How funny. |
617 | 00:36:55,218 | 00:36:55,839 | Yeah. | Yeah. |
618 | 00:36:55,840 | 00:36:57,010 | - How very funny. - Yeah. | - How very funny. - Yeah. |
619 | 00:36:57,130 | 00:37:00,543 | When did you first realise that you didn't believe in God? | When did you first realise that you didn't believe in God? |
620 | 00:37:00,756 | 00:37:03,783 | My next brother, Bob, when I was about eight... | My next brother, Bob, when I was about eight... |
621 | 00:37:03,903 | 00:37:06,065 | He was 11 years older than me so he was about 19. | He was 11 years older than me so he was about 19. |
622 | 00:37:06,185 | 00:37:10,150 | And I was drawing a picture of Jesus | And I was drawing a picture of Jesus |
623 | 00:37:10,332 | 00:37:11,880 | for Bible studies | for Bible studies |
624 | 00:37:12,000 | 00:37:15,157 | and he, er... He came in and he looked at it | and he, er... He came in and he looked at it |
625 | 00:37:15,203 | 00:37:16,605 | and he went, | and he went, |
626 | 00:37:17,184 | 00:37:18,946 | "Why do you believe in God?" | "Why do you believe in God?" |
627 | 00:37:19,066 | 00:37:20,821 | And my mum went "Bob!" | And my mum went "Bob!" |
628 | 00:37:22,192 | 00:37:23,710 | And I knew from body language. | And I knew from body language. |
629 | 00:37:24,775 | 00:37:28,080 | Why didn't she even want the question? | Why didn't she even want the question? |
630 | 00:37:28,280 | 00:37:29,104 | Oh. | Oh. |
631 | 00:37:29,224 | 00:37:30,490 | She was hiding something from me. | She was hiding something from me. |
632 | 00:37:31,001 | 00:37:32,990 | And I thought about it... | And I thought about it... |
633 | 00:37:33,110 | 00:37:34,376 | and it all made sense. | and it all made sense. |
634 | 00:37:34,399 | 00:37:38,640 | Then I started reading and, um, I've, er... | Then I started reading and, um, I've, er... |
635 | 00:37:38,836 | 00:37:41,114 | I've been an atheist for 40 years. | I've been an atheist for 40 years. |
636 | 00:37:42,462 | 00:37:46,550 | I love that some people mistake atheists for Satanists. | I love that some people mistake atheists for Satanists. |
637 | 00:37:46,733 | 00:37:47,754 | Oh, yes. | Oh, yes. |
638 | 00:37:47,874 | 00:37:49,560 | I go, "No, I don't believe in him either." | I go, "No, I don't believe in him either." |
639 | 00:37:49,575 | 00:37:52,272 | He's just as ludicrous. I don't believe in him. | He's just as ludicrous. I don't believe in him. |
640 | 00:37:54,779 | 00:37:56,669 | Why can't God sort out Satan? | Why can't God sort out Satan? |
641 | 00:37:57,339 | 00:38:01,232 | Why can't he? He's all-powerful. What's he doing? What's he doing? | Why can't he? He's all-powerful. What's he doing? What's he doing? |
642 | 00:38:02,352 | 00:38:06,560 | 'So, why does a 21st-century British atheist get up in the morning?' | 'So, why does a 21st-century British atheist get up in the morning?' |
643 | 00:38:07,480 | 00:38:09,599 | I think you have to have worth. | I think you have to have worth. |
644 | 00:38:09,600 | 00:38:12,590 | I think you have to feel in yourself you have worth. | I think you have to feel in yourself you have worth. |
645 | 00:38:12,960 | 00:38:16,960 | Friends, family, a loving relationship... | Friends, family, a loving relationship... |
646 | 00:38:17,360 | 00:38:18,629 | Um... | Um... |
647 | 00:38:18,835 | 00:38:23,353 | Just because we're human and that's how we're built. | Just because we're human and that's how we're built. |
648 | 00:38:23,574 | 00:38:26,307 | And for me personally, something creative. | And for me personally, something creative. |
649 | 00:38:26,427 | 00:38:30,673 | It doesn't have to be painting the Sistine Chapel. | It doesn't have to be painting the Sistine Chapel. |
650 | 00:38:31,054 | 00:38:32,562 | It can be gardening, | It can be gardening, |
651 | 00:38:32,616 | 00:38:34,901 | but I think you have to do something and enjoy it | but I think you have to do something and enjoy it |
652 | 00:38:35,724 | 00:38:39,200 | and fill you free time and stand back and think, "I did that." | and fill you free time and stand back and think, "I did that." |
653 | 00:38:40,200 | 00:38:44,200 | These are all reasons to stay around... | These are all reasons to stay around... |
654 | 00:38:45,067 | 00:38:46,120 | for as long as you can. | for as long as you can. |
655 | 00:38:46,133 | 00:38:48,754 | I would agree with all that, and I think I would add | I would agree with all that, and I think I would add |
656 | 00:38:48,874 | 00:38:50,453 | "understanding" as well. | "understanding" as well. |
657 | 00:39:01,226 | 00:39:02,772 | Religious believers tell me | Religious believers tell me |
658 | 00:39:02,788 | 00:39:06,391 | they're puzzled that non-believers like Ricky Gervais and me | they're puzzled that non-believers like Ricky Gervais and me |
659 | 00:39:06,511 | 00:39:10,190 | can find any meaning or purpose in a godless existence. | can find any meaning or purpose in a godless existence. |
660 | 00:39:12,212 | 00:39:15,390 | But, for me, the world teems with meaning. | But, for me, the world teems with meaning. |
661 | 00:39:16,730 | 00:39:19,803 | It is up to each of us to give our own lives meaning | It is up to each of us to give our own lives meaning |
662 | 00:39:19,826 | 00:39:22,340 | through our work, our relationships, and passions, | through our work, our relationships, and passions, |
663 | 00:39:22,919 | 00:39:24,778 | and, I think, through one other thing - | and, I think, through one other thing - |
664 | 00:39:25,040 | 00:39:27,081 | understanding who we are, | understanding who we are, |
665 | 00:39:27,201 | 00:39:30,880 | and trying to understand why we're here. | and trying to understand why we're here. |
666 | 00:39:32,823 | 00:39:35,499 | That has been the mission of Western science, | That has been the mission of Western science, |
667 | 00:39:35,619 | 00:39:39,800 | the most important tool I believe mankind has ever invented. | the most important tool I believe mankind has ever invented. |
668 | 00:39:41,520 | 00:39:44,116 | For centuries, human eyes could see clearly | For centuries, human eyes could see clearly |
669 | 00:39:44,236 | 00:39:46,880 | no further than only a few miles. | no further than only a few miles. |
670 | 00:39:47,000 | 00:39:50,599 | Telescopes enabled our eyes to leap outwards, | Telescopes enabled our eyes to leap outwards, |
671 | 00:39:50,719 | 00:39:54,335 | and see distant stars millions of miles away. | and see distant stars millions of miles away. |
672 | 00:39:54,680 | 00:39:56,034 | Even better than that, | Even better than that, |
673 | 00:39:56,320 | 00:39:58,930 | a telescope is a kind of time machine. | a telescope is a kind of time machine. |
674 | 00:39:59,160 | 00:40:02,799 | Because it takes light so long to reach us from a distant star, | Because it takes light so long to reach us from a distant star, |
675 | 00:40:02,800 | 00:40:04,571 | when you look at a distant star | when you look at a distant star |
676 | 00:40:04,840 | 00:40:07,003 | you're looking backwards in time, | you're looking backwards in time, |
677 | 00:40:07,003 | 00:40:09,720 | maybe hundreds of millions of years. | maybe hundreds of millions of years. |
678 | 00:40:09,840 | 00:40:11,999 | And if you look at a distant galaxy, | And if you look at a distant galaxy, |
679 | 00:40:12,119 | 00:40:15,830 | you may be looking at the origin of the universe itself. | you may be looking at the origin of the universe itself. |
680 | 00:40:16,200 | 00:40:20,726 | You're looking at the very beginning of space and time - | You're looking at the very beginning of space and time - |
681 | 00:40:21,061 | 00:40:22,044 | the Big Bang. | the Big Bang. |
682 | 00:40:34,212 | 00:40:37,976 | Humanity's gaze has also turned towards inner space. | Humanity's gaze has also turned towards inner space. |
683 | 00:40:38,096 | 00:40:41,755 | Microscopes have unlocked our understanding of the cells | Microscopes have unlocked our understanding of the cells |
684 | 00:40:41,762 | 00:40:43,759 | that make up all living things | that make up all living things |
685 | 00:40:43,812 | 00:40:46,959 | and revealed the world of the smallest and simplest organisms | and revealed the world of the smallest and simplest organisms |
686 | 00:40:47,408 | 00:40:49,390 | around us and in us. | around us and in us. |
687 | 00:40:50,608 | 00:40:52,521 | The new science of genetics | The new science of genetics |
688 | 00:40:52,528 | 00:40:55,202 | has unexpectedly completely revolutionised | has unexpectedly completely revolutionised |
689 | 00:40:55,202 | 00:40:59,110 | and unified our understanding of life on Earth. | and unified our understanding of life on Earth. |
690 | 00:40:59,964 | 00:41:02,631 | Meanwhile, physics has discovered particles | Meanwhile, physics has discovered particles |
691 | 00:41:02,646 | 00:41:05,489 | smaller by far even than the atom. | smaller by far even than the atom. |
692 | 00:41:05,609 | 00:41:07,561 | And at laboratories like CERN, | And at laboratories like CERN, |
693 | 00:41:07,592 | 00:41:10,708 | scientists studying the collisions of these particles | scientists studying the collisions of these particles |
694 | 00:41:10,997 | 00:41:12,871 | are on the cusp of understanding | are on the cusp of understanding |
695 | 00:41:13,107 | 00:41:16,002 | how the universe got started in the first place. | how the universe got started in the first place. |
696 | 00:41:19,408 | 00:41:24,270 | The poet John Keats voiced what many people fear about science - | The poet John Keats voiced what many people fear about science - |
697 | 00:41:26,167 | 00:41:28,475 | ..that, in explaining the world, it makes it... | ..that, in explaining the world, it makes it... |
698 | 00:41:28,506 | 00:41:32,483 | less amazing, less extraordinary, somehow banal. | less amazing, less extraordinary, somehow banal. |
699 | 00:41:35,002 | 00:41:37,928 | "Philosophy will clip an Angel's wings, | "Philosophy will clip an Angel's wings, |
700 | 00:41:38,446 | 00:41:41,966 | "Conquer all mysteries by rule and line, | "Conquer all mysteries by rule and line, |
701 | 00:41:42,086 | 00:41:45,623 | "Empty the haunted air and gnomed mine - | "Empty the haunted air and gnomed mine - |
702 | 00:41:45,743 | 00:41:48,480 | "Unweave a rainbow." | "Unweave a rainbow." |
703 | 00:41:51,847 | 00:41:54,103 | Keats could not have been more wrong. | Keats could not have been more wrong. |
704 | 00:41:54,223 | 00:41:56,790 | Isaac Newton's unweaving of the rainbow | Isaac Newton's unweaving of the rainbow |
705 | 00:41:56,910 | 00:42:00,080 | led directly to a massive deepening and widening | led directly to a massive deepening and widening |
706 | 00:42:00,200 | 00:42:02,350 | of our understanding of the universe. | of our understanding of the universe. |
707 | 00:42:03,324 | 00:42:06,720 | It led to James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism | It led to James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism |
708 | 00:42:06,920 | 00:42:10,920 | and from there to Einstein's special theory of relativity. | and from there to Einstein's special theory of relativity. |
709 | 00:42:11,137 | 00:42:13,956 | If you think the rainbow has poetic mystery, | If you think the rainbow has poetic mystery, |
710 | 00:42:14,076 | 00:42:16,120 | you should try relativity. | you should try relativity. |
711 | 00:42:19,320 | 00:42:22,604 | Science does the opposite of making things banal. | Science does the opposite of making things banal. |
712 | 00:42:22,724 | 00:42:27,655 | It's about unleashing curiosity and uncovering more mysteries to solve. | It's about unleashing curiosity and uncovering more mysteries to solve. |
713 | 00:42:28,410 | 00:42:30,186 | We take so much for granted, | We take so much for granted, |
714 | 00:42:30,306 | 00:42:34,600 | we've become anaesthetised by our familiarity with what's around us. | we've become anaesthetised by our familiarity with what's around us. |
715 | 00:42:35,731 | 00:42:38,399 | Science shakes off the anaesthetic | Science shakes off the anaesthetic |
716 | 00:42:38,400 | 00:42:42,400 | and we look again with new and clearer eyes. | and we look again with new and clearer eyes. |
717 | 00:42:43,480 | 00:42:45,317 | If you found a bramble in your garden, | If you found a bramble in your garden, |
718 | 00:42:45,347 | 00:42:47,572 | you'd probably think it an annoying weed. | you'd probably think it an annoying weed. |
719 | 00:42:47,610 | 00:42:50,229 | But like every other plant and every other animal, | But like every other plant and every other animal, |
720 | 00:42:50,349 | 00:42:53,597 | it is an astonishing piece of natural engineering. | it is an astonishing piece of natural engineering. |
721 | 00:42:54,336 | 00:42:56,850 | A leaf is a chemical factory. | A leaf is a chemical factory. |
722 | 00:42:56,970 | 00:43:00,891 | It's a flat-roofed factory and on the flat roof are solar panels | It's a flat-roofed factory and on the flat roof are solar panels |
723 | 00:43:01,082 | 00:43:05,350 | gathering sunlight to drive the machinery of the factory. | gathering sunlight to drive the machinery of the factory. |
724 | 00:43:06,430 | 00:43:09,618 | There are wheels, almost literally wheels going round and round, | There are wheels, almost literally wheels going round and round, |
725 | 00:43:09,625 | 00:43:11,195 | biochemical wheels, | biochemical wheels, |
726 | 00:43:11,315 | 00:43:13,719 | driven by the energy from the sun | driven by the energy from the sun |
727 | 00:43:13,839 | 00:43:17,712 | and manufacturing food for the plant - sugars. | and manufacturing food for the plant - sugars. |
728 | 00:43:18,124 | 00:43:20,288 | And the sugars are then piped | And the sugars are then piped |
729 | 00:43:20,408 | 00:43:23,279 | in this, what almost looks like a river system, | in this, what almost looks like a river system, |
730 | 00:43:23,399 | 00:43:25,428 | into the central stem | into the central stem |
731 | 00:43:25,610 | 00:43:27,363 | and into the rest of the plant. | and into the rest of the plant. |
732 | 00:43:27,393 | 00:43:30,548 | That's where all the food for the plant comes from | That's where all the food for the plant comes from |
733 | 00:43:30,668 | 00:43:34,199 | and even OUR food comes from that because we eat plants, | and even OUR food comes from that because we eat plants, |
734 | 00:43:34,200 | 00:43:36,279 | or we eat animals that eat plants, | or we eat animals that eat plants, |
735 | 00:43:36,399 | 00:43:38,464 | and so the energy that drives our bodies, | and so the energy that drives our bodies, |
736 | 00:43:38,479 | 00:43:40,521 | every one of our trillions of cells | every one of our trillions of cells |
737 | 00:43:40,551 | 00:43:43,050 | comes ultimately from the sun | comes ultimately from the sun |
738 | 00:43:43,170 | 00:43:45,458 | and it flows down a river system | and it flows down a river system |
739 | 00:43:45,578 | 00:43:46,319 | like this, | like this, |
740 | 00:43:46,334 | 00:43:48,750 | ultimately into us. | ultimately into us. |
741 | 00:43:49,010 | 00:43:50,603 | It gets even better - | It gets even better - |
742 | 00:43:50,723 | 00:43:53,760 | the genetic code that's used by this plant | the genetic code that's used by this plant |
743 | 00:43:53,880 | 00:43:57,148 | is the same as the one that's used by you. | is the same as the one that's used by you. |
744 | 00:43:57,268 | 00:44:00,162 | Even 50% of the genes are the same. | Even 50% of the genes are the same. |
745 | 00:44:00,282 | 00:44:02,752 | This plant is your cousin. | This plant is your cousin. |
746 | 00:44:03,423 | 00:44:05,510 | Just a weed? | Just a weed? |
747 | 00:44:08,596 | 00:44:10,866 | 'Some people would say that the scientific view | 'Some people would say that the scientific view |
748 | 00:44:10,873 | 00:44:13,403 | 'is rather bleak and cold. Do you find it bleak?' | 'is rather bleak and cold. Do you find it bleak?' |
749 | 00:44:13,523 | 00:44:17,008 | There's no God-fearing person of any religion | There's no God-fearing person of any religion |
750 | 00:44:17,335 | 00:44:18,425 | who... | who... |
751 | 00:44:18,844 | 00:44:21,440 | feels as much awe as me | feels as much awe as me |
752 | 00:44:21,623 | 00:44:23,070 | as when I see... | as when I see... |
753 | 00:44:23,960 | 00:44:25,762 | a mountain or a tree. | a mountain or a tree. |
754 | 00:44:25,815 | 00:44:26,593 | Or the stars. | Or the stars. |
755 | 00:44:26,600 | 00:44:28,242 | Or the stars. | Or the stars. |
756 | 00:44:28,362 | 00:44:30,155 | Or, um... | Or, um... |
757 | 00:44:30,505 | 00:44:34,185 | anything in science and nature and art. | anything in science and nature and art. |
758 | 00:44:34,370 | 00:44:36,776 | And you and I are privileged to be here to enjoy it, | And you and I are privileged to be here to enjoy it, |
759 | 00:44:36,896 | 00:44:38,753 | even if for a short time. | even if for a short time. |
760 | 00:44:39,004 | 00:44:40,950 | That's a wonderful thought. | That's a wonderful thought. |
761 | 00:44:41,320 | 00:44:43,190 | We cherish this life. | We cherish this life. |
762 | 00:44:44,987 | 00:44:47,021 | It's sacred... | It's sacred... |
763 | 00:44:47,720 | 00:44:48,870 | so enjoy it. | so enjoy it. |
764 | 00:44:50,160 | 00:44:51,852 | This is all we've got and it's brilliant. | This is all we've got and it's brilliant. |
765 | 00:44:51,875 | 00:44:52,639 | Make the most of it. | Make the most of it. |
766 | 00:44:52,640 | 00:44:53,406 | - Make the most of it. - It's brilliant! | - Make the most of it. - It's brilliant! |
767 | 00:44:53,909 | 00:44:55,445 | It's amazing! | It's amazing! |
768 | 00:45:02,495 | 00:45:04,470 | We are lucky to be born. | We are lucky to be born. |
769 | 00:45:04,730 | 00:45:07,870 | We win the lottery just in being here at all. | We win the lottery just in being here at all. |
770 | 00:45:08,240 | 00:45:11,464 | Your unique identity is the result of one sperm | Your unique identity is the result of one sperm |
771 | 00:45:11,517 | 00:45:13,199 | amongst hundreds of millions | amongst hundreds of millions |
772 | 00:45:13,200 | 00:45:17,566 | fertilising one particular egg in one particular sexual exchange. | fertilising one particular egg in one particular sexual exchange. |
773 | 00:45:17,840 | 00:45:21,160 | And the same lucky break had to favour your ancestors | And the same lucky break had to favour your ancestors |
774 | 00:45:21,280 | 00:45:24,470 | in every generation back to the very beginning of life. | in every generation back to the very beginning of life. |
775 | 00:45:26,071 | 00:45:28,319 | And we are luckier still as individuals | And we are luckier still as individuals |
776 | 00:45:28,319 | 00:45:30,475 | to have been born NOW. | to have been born NOW. |
777 | 00:45:30,841 | 00:45:32,570 | We have so much available to us - | We have so much available to us - |
778 | 00:45:33,271 | 00:45:35,780 | possible only through the understanding | possible only through the understanding |
779 | 00:45:35,900 | 00:45:37,865 | that science has already given us. | that science has already given us. |
780 | 00:45:38,360 | 00:45:41,301 | Just look how far we've come in my lifetime - | Just look how far we've come in my lifetime - |
781 | 00:45:41,421 | 00:45:45,385 | we've got life-saving medicine, super-computers, the internet. | we've got life-saving medicine, super-computers, the internet. |
782 | 00:45:46,581 | 00:45:50,633 | We can travel further and faster, higher and deeper than ever before. | We can travel further and faster, higher and deeper than ever before. |
783 | 00:45:51,669 | 00:45:55,682 | We constantly push at the frontiers of possibility. | We constantly push at the frontiers of possibility. |
784 | 00:45:56,147 | 00:45:58,395 | Imagine what's still to come! | Imagine what's still to come! |
785 | 00:46:01,831 | 00:46:04,141 | We are made by the laws of physics | We are made by the laws of physics |
786 | 00:46:04,261 | 00:46:07,670 | working through four billion years of evolution. | working through four billion years of evolution. |
787 | 00:46:08,255 | 00:46:12,040 | We have a brief window of life through which to see the universe | We have a brief window of life through which to see the universe |
788 | 00:46:12,160 | 00:46:14,710 | and understand how we came to be in it. | and understand how we came to be in it. |
789 | 00:46:15,430 | 00:46:19,080 | The truth may not always be comforting in the face of suffering, | The truth may not always be comforting in the face of suffering, |
790 | 00:46:19,430 | 00:46:22,584 | but it has a majesty of its own. | but it has a majesty of its own. |
791 | 00:46:23,049 | 00:46:25,213 | That's what I tell people when they ask me, | That's what I tell people when they ask me, |
792 | 00:46:25,480 | 00:46:28,177 | "Why do you bother to get up in the mornings?" | "Why do you bother to get up in the mornings?" |
793 | 00:46:57,863 | 00:47:01,825 | Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd |