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# | Start | End | Original | Translated |
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1 | 00:00:01,394 | 00:00:02,359 | (thunder roaring) (dramatic music) | (thunder roaring) (dramatic music) |
2 | 00:00:02,434 | 00:00:04,439 | Mastrelli: The 10 plagues of egypt, | Mastrelli: The 10 plagues of egypt, |
3 | 00:00:04,514 | 00:00:07,679 | With rivers of blood and plagues of locusts, | With rivers of blood and plagues of locusts, |
4 | 00:00:09,001 | 00:00:12,592 | It's a tale so bloody and so bizarre, | It's a tale so bloody and so bizarre, |
5 | 00:00:12,601 | 00:00:15,799 | It seemed the events described could never have happened. | It seemed the events described could never have happened. |
6 | 00:00:17,234 | 00:00:20,359 | But now archeologists are unearthing | But now archeologists are unearthing |
7 | 00:00:20,434 | 00:00:22,439 | Shocking new discoveries, | Shocking new discoveries, |
8 | 00:00:22,514 | 00:00:24,439 | And scientists are piecing together | And scientists are piecing together |
9 | 00:00:24,514 | 00:00:27,959 | Intriguing new evidence. | Intriguing new evidence. |
10 | 00:00:28,034 | 00:00:29,559 | If they're right, | If they're right, |
11 | 00:00:29,634 | 00:00:31,479 | Our understanding of the bible, | Our understanding of the bible, |
12 | 00:00:31,554 | 00:00:35,872 | And of 3,000 years of history will change forever. | And of 3,000 years of history will change forever. |
13 | 00:00:35,881 | 00:00:38,719 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
14 | 00:00:40,681 | 00:00:43,152 | For centuries the mysteries | For centuries the mysteries |
15 | 00:00:43,161 | 00:00:47,639 | Of the past have kept their secrets, | Of the past have kept their secrets, |
16 | 00:00:47,714 | 00:00:51,392 | But there are clues cast in gold, | But there are clues cast in gold, |
17 | 00:00:51,401 | 00:00:54,119 | Etched in stone, (people cheering) | Etched in stone, (people cheering) |
18 | 00:00:54,194 | 00:00:55,559 | Written in blood. | Written in blood. |
19 | 00:00:59,234 | 00:01:01,719 | We can unlock them. | We can unlock them. |
20 | 00:01:01,794 | 00:01:04,519 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
21 | 00:01:18,121 | 00:01:20,359 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
22 | 00:01:20,434 | 00:01:22,199 | According to the bible's book of exodus, | According to the bible's book of exodus, |
23 | 00:01:22,274 | 00:01:26,192 | Moses led the jews out of egypt and into the promised land, | Moses led the jews out of egypt and into the promised land, |
24 | 00:01:26,201 | 00:01:29,152 | And the cost of this freedom was primarily borne | And the cost of this freedom was primarily borne |
25 | 00:01:29,161 | 00:01:31,159 | By the ancient egyptians who witnessed | By the ancient egyptians who witnessed |
26 | 00:01:31,234 | 00:01:34,592 | 10 plagues rain havoc on their nation. | 10 plagues rain havoc on their nation. |
27 | 00:01:34,601 | 00:01:36,992 | As depicted in cecil b. Demille's "ten commandments", | As depicted in cecil b. Demille's "ten commandments", |
28 | 00:01:37,001 | 00:01:39,472 | And iconically portrayed by charlton heston, | And iconically portrayed by charlton heston, |
29 | 00:01:39,481 | 00:01:41,559 | This surreal chain of events | This surreal chain of events |
30 | 00:01:41,634 | 00:01:45,232 | Naturally makes for a classic hollywood epic, | Naturally makes for a classic hollywood epic, |
31 | 00:01:45,241 | 00:01:47,552 | But could such divine intervention | But could such divine intervention |
32 | 00:01:47,561 | 00:01:51,479 | And apocalyptic destruction be inspired by real events? | And apocalyptic destruction be inspired by real events? |
33 | 00:01:51,554 | 00:01:53,959 | Today, modern science is beginning to reveal | Today, modern science is beginning to reveal |
34 | 00:01:54,034 | 00:01:56,839 | Some shocking truths behind some of the bible's | Some shocking truths behind some of the bible's |
35 | 00:01:56,914 | 00:01:59,152 | Most fantastical tales. | Most fantastical tales. |
36 | 00:01:59,161 | 00:02:01,792 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
37 | 00:02:01,801 | 00:02:05,239 | In the bible's book of exodus a tyrannical pharaoh | In the bible's book of exodus a tyrannical pharaoh |
38 | 00:02:05,314 | 00:02:08,999 | Holds a vast army of israelite slaves captive. | Holds a vast army of israelite slaves captive. |
39 | 00:02:11,081 | 00:02:14,192 | God orders moses to warn that 10 plagues | God orders moses to warn that 10 plagues |
40 | 00:02:14,201 | 00:02:18,592 | Will sweep across egypt unless the slaves are released. | Will sweep across egypt unless the slaves are released. |
41 | 00:02:18,601 | 00:02:21,399 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
42 | 00:02:22,521 | 00:02:25,872 | The pharaoh refuses to release the captives, | The pharaoh refuses to release the captives, |
43 | 00:02:25,881 | 00:02:30,039 | So moses enacts god's apocalyptic first decree: | So moses enacts god's apocalyptic first decree: |
44 | 00:02:32,761 | 00:02:36,079 | He turns the river nile into a torrent of blood, | He turns the river nile into a torrent of blood, |
45 | 00:02:38,514 | 00:02:40,439 | But the pharaoh won't give in. | But the pharaoh won't give in. |
46 | 00:02:40,514 | 00:02:41,399 | (frogs croaking) | (frogs croaking) |
47 | 00:02:41,474 | 00:02:43,072 | According to the bible, | According to the bible, |
48 | 00:02:43,081 | 00:02:47,119 | God sends plagues of frogs and swarms of flies. | God sends plagues of frogs and swarms of flies. |
49 | 00:02:47,961 | 00:02:50,752 | Disease strikes down the livestock, | Disease strikes down the livestock, |
50 | 00:02:50,761 | 00:02:52,679 | And boils blight the people. | And boils blight the people. |
51 | 00:02:53,881 | 00:02:56,832 | Thunderstorms bring hail and fire. | Thunderstorms bring hail and fire. |
52 | 00:02:56,841 | 00:02:59,679 | Hordes of locusts devastate crops. | Hordes of locusts devastate crops. |
53 | 00:03:00,674 | 00:03:03,872 | Three days of darkness descend across egypt, | Three days of darkness descend across egypt, |
54 | 00:03:03,881 | 00:03:08,279 | And still, the pharaoh refuses to release the captives. | And still, the pharaoh refuses to release the captives. |
55 | 00:03:08,354 | 00:03:12,432 | Until the 10th and cruelest plague of all: | Until the 10th and cruelest plague of all: |
56 | 00:03:12,441 | 00:03:14,992 | The death of all the firstborn. | The death of all the firstborn. |
57 | 00:03:15,001 | 00:03:18,199 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
58 | 00:03:18,274 | 00:03:21,072 | With his empire and people in ruins, | With his empire and people in ruins, |
59 | 00:03:21,081 | 00:03:25,152 | The pharaoh finally relents, releasing the captives | The pharaoh finally relents, releasing the captives |
60 | 00:03:25,161 | 00:03:28,279 | And triggering the famed exodus of the israelites | And triggering the famed exodus of the israelites |
61 | 00:03:28,354 | 00:03:29,519 | To the promised land. | To the promised land. |
62 | 00:03:32,441 | 00:03:36,359 | If the 10 plagues were real natural phenomena, | If the 10 plagues were real natural phenomena, |
63 | 00:03:36,434 | 00:03:39,552 | Surely they'd have been recorded in one of ancient egypt's | Surely they'd have been recorded in one of ancient egypt's |
64 | 00:03:39,561 | 00:03:42,839 | Many thousands of inscriptions and documents. | Many thousands of inscriptions and documents. |
65 | 00:03:45,554 | 00:03:48,359 | The colossal karnak temple of luxor | The colossal karnak temple of luxor |
66 | 00:03:48,434 | 00:03:51,312 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
67 | 00:03:51,321 | 00:03:54,432 | Among these spectacular ruins once lay | Among these spectacular ruins once lay |
68 | 00:03:54,441 | 00:03:58,759 | A six-foot tall inscribed stone tablet, called a stele. | A six-foot tall inscribed stone tablet, called a stele. |
69 | 00:04:00,594 | 00:04:03,359 | It dates from the time of pharaoh ahmose I. | It dates from the time of pharaoh ahmose I. |
70 | 00:04:04,521 | 00:04:08,679 | The stele is a factual account of an apocalyptic storm | The stele is a factual account of an apocalyptic storm |
71 | 00:04:08,754 | 00:04:12,592 | That struck egypt three and a half thousand years ago. | That struck egypt three and a half thousand years ago. |
72 | 00:04:12,601 | 00:04:15,472 | Moeller: We have a violent storm with a lot of water. | Moeller: We have a violent storm with a lot of water. |
73 | 00:04:15,481 | 00:04:16,992 | There's destruction. | There's destruction. |
74 | 00:04:17,001 | 00:04:18,752 | There are dead people. | There are dead people. |
75 | 00:04:18,761 | 00:04:19,959 | (thunder roaring) | (thunder roaring) |
76 | 00:04:20,034 | 00:04:21,552 | There is darkness, | There is darkness, |
77 | 00:04:21,561 | 00:04:24,759 | Darkness that covered the whole land of egypt, | Darkness that covered the whole land of egypt, |
78 | 00:04:25,874 | 00:04:27,559 | And all this is extremely unusual. | And all this is extremely unusual. |
79 | 00:04:27,634 | 00:04:30,199 | There's no other text we know from ancient egypt | There's no other text we know from ancient egypt |
80 | 00:04:30,274 | 00:04:32,999 | That actually describes such an event in this way. | That actually describes such an event in this way. |
81 | 00:04:34,121 | 00:04:36,199 | Mastrelli: And this event is strikingly similar | Mastrelli: And this event is strikingly similar |
82 | 00:04:36,274 | 00:04:38,199 | To two of the 10 plagues: | To two of the 10 plagues: |
83 | 00:04:39,641 | 00:04:43,472 | The plagues of thunder and hail and of darkness. | The plagues of thunder and hail and of darkness. |
84 | 00:04:43,481 | 00:04:45,152 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
85 | 00:04:45,161 | 00:04:46,599 | If the ahmose stele | If the ahmose stele |
86 | 00:04:46,674 | 00:04:48,112 | And the biblical plagues | And the biblical plagues |
87 | 00:04:48,121 | 00:04:50,912 | Describe the same catastrophic event, | Describe the same catastrophic event, |
88 | 00:04:50,921 | 00:04:53,792 | Then this is the first independent | Then this is the first independent |
89 | 00:04:53,801 | 00:04:56,759 | Historical account of the biblical plagues. | Historical account of the biblical plagues. |
90 | 00:04:58,121 | 00:05:01,232 | Clear evidence that at least some of these | Clear evidence that at least some of these |
91 | 00:05:01,241 | 00:05:05,559 | Supernatural events might have been real, natural phenomena. | Supernatural events might have been real, natural phenomena. |
92 | 00:05:06,674 | 00:05:09,472 | But what in nature could have unleashed | But what in nature could have unleashed |
93 | 00:05:09,481 | 00:05:11,519 | This series of catastrophes? | This series of catastrophes? |
94 | 00:05:12,521 | 00:05:13,712 | Naunton: There's only a very limited number | Naunton: There's only a very limited number |
95 | 00:05:13,721 | 00:05:15,319 | Of possible phenomena | Of possible phenomena |
96 | 00:05:15,394 | 00:05:16,679 | From the natural world | From the natural world |
97 | 00:05:16,754 | 00:05:18,999 | That could cause such dramatic change, | That could cause such dramatic change, |
98 | 00:05:20,914 | 00:05:23,719 | And that would be a huge volcanic eruption. | And that would be a huge volcanic eruption. |
99 | 00:05:28,281 | 00:05:29,792 | Mastrelli: Could a single eruption | Mastrelli: Could a single eruption |
100 | 00:05:29,801 | 00:05:32,359 | Plunge egypt's climate into chaos? | Plunge egypt's climate into chaos? |
101 | 00:05:33,881 | 00:05:37,639 | Could it unleash plagues of locusts and frogs? | Could it unleash plagues of locusts and frogs? |
102 | 00:05:37,714 | 00:05:39,559 | Could it kill the firstborn? | Could it kill the firstborn? |
103 | 00:05:42,034 | 00:05:42,912 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
104 | 00:05:42,921 | 00:05:44,319 | But there's one problem. | But there's one problem. |
105 | 00:05:45,394 | 00:05:48,672 | Naunton: There are no volcanoes in the region of egypt, | Naunton: There are no volcanoes in the region of egypt, |
106 | 00:05:48,681 | 00:05:51,399 | So we have to ask ourselves | So we have to ask ourselves |
107 | 00:05:51,474 | 00:05:54,199 | Is there a volcano anywhere else | Is there a volcano anywhere else |
108 | 00:05:54,274 | 00:05:57,319 | Which could have caused an eruption in ancient times | Which could have caused an eruption in ancient times |
109 | 00:05:57,394 | 00:06:00,919 | Which would have been so violent and so dramatic | Which would have been so violent and so dramatic |
110 | 00:06:00,994 | 00:06:03,799 | That it could have had an effect on egypt's weather? | That it could have had an effect on egypt's weather? |
111 | 00:06:05,001 | 00:06:06,799 | Mastrelli: One candidate stands out. | Mastrelli: One candidate stands out. |
112 | 00:06:08,194 | 00:06:10,919 | Three and a half thousand years ago, | Three and a half thousand years ago, |
113 | 00:06:10,994 | 00:06:13,872 | 400 miles north of egypt, | 400 miles north of egypt, |
114 | 00:06:13,881 | 00:06:16,592 | The greek island of santorini, | The greek island of santorini, |
115 | 00:06:16,601 | 00:06:19,472 | And the colossal thera volcano. | And the colossal thera volcano. |
116 | 00:06:19,481 | 00:06:21,079 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
117 | 00:06:21,154 | 00:06:24,759 | One day in the late 16th or early 17th century bce, | One day in the late 16th or early 17th century bce, |
118 | 00:06:25,954 | 00:06:28,039 | The volcano exploded. | The volcano exploded. |
119 | 00:06:35,961 | 00:06:39,239 | For santorini's inhabitants it was the end. | For santorini's inhabitants it was the end. |
120 | 00:06:39,314 | 00:06:40,679 | (ground rumbling) | (ground rumbling) |
121 | 00:06:40,754 | 00:06:42,519 | (glass shattering) | (glass shattering) |
122 | 00:06:42,594 | 00:06:46,439 | But for rest of the ancient world it was just the beginning. | But for rest of the ancient world it was just the beginning. |
123 | 00:06:46,514 | 00:06:48,119 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
124 | 00:06:48,194 | 00:06:50,599 | Naunton: Besides the destruction of santorini itself, | Naunton: Besides the destruction of santorini itself, |
125 | 00:06:50,674 | 00:06:53,559 | The entire region was hit by earthquakes, | The entire region was hit by earthquakes, |
126 | 00:06:53,634 | 00:06:56,912 | Tsunamis, floating pumice, and ash fall. | Tsunamis, floating pumice, and ash fall. |
127 | 00:06:56,921 | 00:06:58,519 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
128 | 00:06:58,594 | 00:07:00,199 | Mastrelli: A terrifying chain of events | Mastrelli: A terrifying chain of events |
129 | 00:07:00,274 | 00:07:02,279 | Had been set in motion. | Had been set in motion. |
130 | 00:07:02,354 | 00:07:04,999 | Did these include the bible's 10 plagues? | Did these include the bible's 10 plagues? |
131 | 00:07:09,314 | 00:07:11,079 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
132 | 00:07:11,154 | 00:07:15,152 | At bristol university in the uk, geologist jeremy philips | At bristol university in the uk, geologist jeremy philips |
133 | 00:07:15,161 | 00:07:17,799 | And his team are examining the eruption | And his team are examining the eruption |
134 | 00:07:17,874 | 00:07:21,152 | And piecing together its deadly trail of destruction. | And piecing together its deadly trail of destruction. |
135 | 00:07:21,161 | 00:07:22,679 | Phillips: Looking at the evolution | Phillips: Looking at the evolution |
136 | 00:07:22,754 | 00:07:25,552 | Of the behavior during the volcanic eruption | Of the behavior during the volcanic eruption |
137 | 00:07:25,561 | 00:07:28,832 | And from new measurements from ocean drilling | And from new measurements from ocean drilling |
138 | 00:07:28,841 | 00:07:30,759 | Around the coast of santorini, | Around the coast of santorini, |
139 | 00:07:30,834 | 00:07:33,392 | The volume of material that was emitted | The volume of material that was emitted |
140 | 00:07:33,401 | 00:07:36,599 | During the bronze age eruption was larger, | During the bronze age eruption was larger, |
141 | 00:07:36,674 | 00:07:39,799 | Significantly larger, than previously thought. | Significantly larger, than previously thought. |
142 | 00:07:39,874 | 00:07:42,279 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
143 | 00:07:42,354 | 00:07:46,119 | Mastrelli: In fact, it was up to 30% larger. | Mastrelli: In fact, it was up to 30% larger. |
144 | 00:07:46,194 | 00:07:48,599 | Meaning thera's ash cloud would have soared | Meaning thera's ash cloud would have soared |
145 | 00:07:48,674 | 00:07:50,999 | 25 miles into the sky, | 25 miles into the sky, |
146 | 00:07:52,594 | 00:07:55,679 | Blasting out up to 30 cubic miles of material. | Blasting out up to 30 cubic miles of material. |
147 | 00:07:57,721 | 00:08:00,759 | But is it enough to have affected egypt? | But is it enough to have affected egypt? |
148 | 00:08:00,834 | 00:08:04,199 | (suspenseful music) | (suspenseful music) |
149 | 00:08:04,274 | 00:08:08,119 | In 2010, a volcanic eruption in iceland, | In 2010, a volcanic eruption in iceland, |
150 | 00:08:08,194 | 00:08:10,919 | Demonstrated just how far ash can travel. | Demonstrated just how far ash can travel. |
151 | 00:08:12,761 | 00:08:15,479 | Phillips: We know ash that reached the uk | Phillips: We know ash that reached the uk |
152 | 00:08:15,554 | 00:08:17,719 | From iceland during that event, | From iceland during that event, |
153 | 00:08:17,794 | 00:08:21,239 | And that's more than a thousand kilometers from the source | And that's more than a thousand kilometers from the source |
154 | 00:08:21,314 | 00:08:24,352 | And it's a relatively modest size eruption. | And it's a relatively modest size eruption. |
155 | 00:08:24,361 | 00:08:27,559 | So we know that typically for these larger eruptions, | So we know that typically for these larger eruptions, |
156 | 00:08:27,634 | 00:08:30,752 | Transporting ash on the scale of thousands of kilometers | Transporting ash on the scale of thousands of kilometers |
157 | 00:08:30,761 | 00:08:32,839 | Is quite feasible. | Is quite feasible. |
158 | 00:08:32,914 | 00:08:34,199 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
159 | 00:08:34,274 | 00:08:35,479 | Mastrelli: Far enough to reach egypt | Mastrelli: Far enough to reach egypt |
160 | 00:08:35,554 | 00:08:38,199 | Just 400 miles to the southeast. | Just 400 miles to the southeast. |
161 | 00:08:41,161 | 00:08:43,079 | But how could these tiny particles | But how could these tiny particles |
162 | 00:08:43,154 | 00:08:45,199 | Have caused the biblical plagues? | Have caused the biblical plagues? |
163 | 00:08:46,521 | 00:08:49,639 | How could something so small have triggered something | How could something so small have triggered something |
164 | 00:08:49,714 | 00:08:54,119 | So catastrophic, so violent, and so deadly? | So catastrophic, so violent, and so deadly? |
165 | 00:08:55,481 | 00:08:57,312 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
166 | 00:08:57,321 | 00:09:00,759 | The thera eruption was an explosion of epic proportions, | The thera eruption was an explosion of epic proportions, |
167 | 00:09:00,834 | 00:09:03,479 | And its plume of ash is believed to have even been | And its plume of ash is believed to have even been |
168 | 00:09:03,554 | 00:09:07,319 | Recorded by chinese scribes 4,000 miles away. | Recorded by chinese scribes 4,000 miles away. |
169 | 00:09:07,394 | 00:09:09,232 | But, to give you an even better sense | But, to give you an even better sense |
170 | 00:09:09,241 | 00:09:11,232 | Of the magnitude of this blast, | Of the magnitude of this blast, |
171 | 00:09:11,241 | 00:09:13,872 | Tourists visiting santorini today | Tourists visiting santorini today |
172 | 00:09:13,881 | 00:09:15,872 | Can hike the nea kameni crater | Can hike the nea kameni crater |
173 | 00:09:15,881 | 00:09:19,959 | And still find it smoking 3500 years later. | And still find it smoking 3500 years later. |
174 | 00:09:20,034 | 00:09:23,479 | But, could the aftermath have been as biblical as the blast? | But, could the aftermath have been as biblical as the blast? |
175 | 00:09:25,554 | 00:09:27,959 | Experts suspect this natural disaster | Experts suspect this natural disaster |
176 | 00:09:28,034 | 00:09:30,599 | Lies behind the bible's 10 plagues. | Lies behind the bible's 10 plagues. |
177 | 00:09:32,441 | 00:09:36,119 | But how could a volcano 400 miles from egypt, | But how could a volcano 400 miles from egypt, |
178 | 00:09:36,194 | 00:09:40,752 | Turn the nile to blood, spawn boils, locusts, | Turn the nile to blood, spawn boils, locusts, |
179 | 00:09:40,761 | 00:09:43,239 | And kill the firstborn children? | And kill the firstborn children? |
180 | 00:09:43,314 | 00:09:44,839 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
181 | 00:09:44,914 | 00:09:46,832 | Biologist and egyptophile, | Biologist and egyptophile, |
182 | 00:09:46,841 | 00:09:50,679 | Siro trevisanato, is convinced he's found the answer. | Siro trevisanato, is convinced he's found the answer. |
183 | 00:09:50,754 | 00:09:53,072 | With the eruption as his starting point, | With the eruption as his starting point, |
184 | 00:09:53,081 | 00:09:56,679 | He's pieced together the terrifying sequence of events, | He's pieced together the terrifying sequence of events, |
185 | 00:09:56,754 | 00:09:59,239 | One plague after another. | One plague after another. |
186 | 00:09:59,314 | 00:10:00,592 | (thunder rumbling) | (thunder rumbling) |
187 | 00:10:00,601 | 00:10:02,199 | Trevisanato: We have an eruption, | Trevisanato: We have an eruption, |
188 | 00:10:03,234 | 00:10:08,199 | A big eruption that's spread ash left and right. | A big eruption that's spread ash left and right. |
189 | 00:10:09,241 | 00:10:12,119 | Could this have caused the biblical plagues? | Could this have caused the biblical plagues? |
190 | 00:10:12,194 | 00:10:13,999 | Could this be the culprit? | Could this be the culprit? |
191 | 00:10:15,081 | 00:10:19,239 | Yes, we actually caught the culprit red handed, | Yes, we actually caught the culprit red handed, |
192 | 00:10:19,314 | 00:10:22,079 | Literally, because of the red waters. | Literally, because of the red waters. |
193 | 00:10:23,001 | 00:10:24,512 | Mastrelli: Trevisanato believes that | Mastrelli: Trevisanato believes that |
194 | 00:10:24,521 | 00:10:27,152 | As the volcanic ash fell back to earth, | As the volcanic ash fell back to earth, |
195 | 00:10:27,161 | 00:10:30,359 | It dumped toxic sulfides in the nile, | It dumped toxic sulfides in the nile, |
196 | 00:10:30,434 | 00:10:32,912 | Causing a chemical reaction, | Causing a chemical reaction, |
197 | 00:10:32,921 | 00:10:35,632 | And transforming its life-giving waters | And transforming its life-giving waters |
198 | 00:10:35,641 | 00:10:37,472 | Into a torrent of death. | Into a torrent of death. |
199 | 00:10:37,481 | 00:10:39,319 | (suspenseful music) | (suspenseful music) |
200 | 00:10:39,394 | 00:10:41,159 | Trevisanato: It would have now changed the ph of the water, | Trevisanato: It would have now changed the ph of the water, |
201 | 00:10:41,234 | 00:10:44,192 | Acidifying it to the point that fish | Acidifying it to the point that fish |
202 | 00:10:44,201 | 00:10:47,472 | Couldn't tolerate the change and therefore died. | Couldn't tolerate the change and therefore died. |
203 | 00:10:47,481 | 00:10:50,352 | The situation in the water was so unbearable | The situation in the water was so unbearable |
204 | 00:10:50,361 | 00:10:54,119 | That the frogs could no longer go back to the water | That the frogs could no longer go back to the water |
205 | 00:10:54,194 | 00:10:57,239 | And stuck on the land they died dehydrated, | And stuck on the land they died dehydrated, |
206 | 00:10:57,314 | 00:10:59,152 | The second plague. | The second plague. |
207 | 00:10:59,161 | 00:11:02,519 | Mastrelli: When these died, it caused the next two plagues. | Mastrelli: When these died, it caused the next two plagues. |
208 | 00:11:04,834 | 00:11:07,639 | Trevisanato: And now we come to the very real situation | Trevisanato: And now we come to the very real situation |
209 | 00:11:07,714 | 00:11:09,232 | That you have, | That you have, |
210 | 00:11:09,241 | 00:11:13,879 | Masses of dead meat literally all over. | Masses of dead meat literally all over. |
211 | 00:11:13,954 | 00:11:17,359 | So for the insects this was an amazing bonanza. | So for the insects this was an amazing bonanza. |
212 | 00:11:19,241 | 00:11:21,632 | Mastrelli: Then came the fifth plague, | Mastrelli: Then came the fifth plague, |
213 | 00:11:21,641 | 00:11:24,319 | The pestilence that struck down livestock, | The pestilence that struck down livestock, |
214 | 00:11:25,641 | 00:11:28,519 | And once again ash is implicated. | And once again ash is implicated. |
215 | 00:11:29,954 | 00:11:32,752 | For animals left in the fields to graze, | For animals left in the fields to graze, |
216 | 00:11:32,761 | 00:11:36,199 | Ash particles would have compromised their food source, | Ash particles would have compromised their food source, |
217 | 00:11:36,274 | 00:11:39,919 | And upon inhalation proved toxic for their lungs. | And upon inhalation proved toxic for their lungs. |
218 | 00:11:41,161 | 00:11:43,392 | Toxic ash from the eruption of thera | Toxic ash from the eruption of thera |
219 | 00:11:43,401 | 00:11:46,279 | Could explain the first five biblical plagues. | Could explain the first five biblical plagues. |
220 | 00:11:47,634 | 00:11:52,599 | But the sixth the plague of boils seems inexplicable. | But the sixth the plague of boils seems inexplicable. |
221 | 00:11:52,841 | 00:11:56,399 | How could a distant volcano cause an outbreak of boils? | How could a distant volcano cause an outbreak of boils? |
222 | 00:11:57,961 | 00:12:00,832 | Far from the heat and dust of egypt, | Far from the heat and dust of egypt, |
223 | 00:12:00,841 | 00:12:03,799 | Deep in the vaults of london's british museum, | Deep in the vaults of london's british museum, |
224 | 00:12:03,874 | 00:12:06,519 | Trevisanato thinks he's found the answer. | Trevisanato thinks he's found the answer. |
225 | 00:12:07,474 | 00:12:11,239 | He believes this 3,000 year old egyptian text, | He believes this 3,000 year old egyptian text, |
226 | 00:12:11,314 | 00:12:13,959 | Known as the "london medical papyrus", | Known as the "london medical papyrus", |
227 | 00:12:14,034 | 00:12:17,799 | Reveals the true cause of the mysterious boils. | Reveals the true cause of the mysterious boils. |
228 | 00:12:17,874 | 00:12:20,599 | Trevisanato: It provides information about the medicine, | Trevisanato: It provides information about the medicine, |
229 | 00:12:20,674 | 00:12:22,272 | The biology, | The biology, |
230 | 00:12:22,281 | 00:12:25,359 | And also the drugs which were being used at the time. | And also the drugs which were being used at the time. |
231 | 00:12:26,521 | 00:12:29,239 | Mastrelli: One fragment caught trevisanato's eye. | Mastrelli: One fragment caught trevisanato's eye. |
232 | 00:12:30,114 | 00:12:32,352 | It described strange white spots | It described strange white spots |
233 | 00:12:32,361 | 00:12:34,839 | Caused by contact with red water. | Caused by contact with red water. |
234 | 00:12:36,201 | 00:12:38,119 | Trevisanato: This is not something normal. | Trevisanato: This is not something normal. |
235 | 00:12:38,194 | 00:12:40,112 | This paragraph tells us something else. | This paragraph tells us something else. |
236 | 00:12:40,121 | 00:12:42,519 | It tells us that you have to put | It tells us that you have to put |
237 | 00:12:42,594 | 00:12:45,359 | A specific paste on the skin. | A specific paste on the skin. |
238 | 00:12:47,161 | 00:12:50,272 | Mastrelli: The paste includes sodium carbonate, ochre, | Mastrelli: The paste includes sodium carbonate, ochre, |
239 | 00:12:50,281 | 00:12:55,279 | And animal fat, ingredients that are all alkaline. | And animal fat, ingredients that are all alkaline. |
240 | 00:12:56,681 | 00:12:59,472 | Trevisanato: So, if the remedy's alkaline, | Trevisanato: So, if the remedy's alkaline, |
241 | 00:12:59,481 | 00:13:04,439 | The only possible inference that you can have | The only possible inference that you can have |
242 | 00:13:04,514 | 00:13:07,079 | Is that the active is an acid. | Is that the active is an acid. |
243 | 00:13:08,354 | 00:13:11,239 | Usually if you burn yourself, first thing you do is | Usually if you burn yourself, first thing you do is |
244 | 00:13:11,314 | 00:13:14,672 | You put your hand under the water, not in this case. | You put your hand under the water, not in this case. |
245 | 00:13:14,681 | 00:13:16,752 | Here they tell you don't touch water. | Here they tell you don't touch water. |
246 | 00:13:16,761 | 00:13:18,279 | The water is red. | The water is red. |
247 | 00:13:18,354 | 00:13:21,719 | It's actually what is causing the damage, | It's actually what is causing the damage, |
248 | 00:13:21,794 | 00:13:23,399 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
249 | 00:13:23,474 | 00:13:28,112 | And the only possible acid that the egyptians | And the only possible acid that the egyptians |
250 | 00:13:28,121 | 00:13:31,632 | Could have been exposed to would have been sulfuric acid, | Could have been exposed to would have been sulfuric acid, |
251 | 00:13:31,641 | 00:13:33,952 | Which would have come from the volcanic eruption | Which would have come from the volcanic eruption |
252 | 00:13:33,961 | 00:13:35,632 | All the way to egypt. | All the way to egypt. |
253 | 00:13:35,641 | 00:13:37,392 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
254 | 00:13:37,401 | 00:13:39,152 | Mastrelli: But can this ash account | Mastrelli: But can this ash account |
255 | 00:13:39,161 | 00:13:41,159 | For the final four plagues? | For the final four plagues? |
256 | 00:13:41,234 | 00:13:43,159 | (volcano erupting) (dramatic music) | (volcano erupting) (dramatic music) |
257 | 00:13:43,234 | 00:13:45,152 | (bell tolls) | (bell tolls) |
258 | 00:13:45,161 | 00:13:48,672 | Oxford university it's here that volcanologist | Oxford university it's here that volcanologist |
259 | 00:13:48,681 | 00:13:52,519 | David pyle is investigating the long-term effects | David pyle is investigating the long-term effects |
260 | 00:13:52,594 | 00:13:55,152 | Of this ancient cataclysm. | Of this ancient cataclysm. |
261 | 00:13:55,161 | 00:13:56,679 | Pyle: And it was an eruption that would have had | Pyle: And it was an eruption that would have had |
262 | 00:13:56,754 | 00:13:59,152 | Tremendously dramatic consequences for those | Tremendously dramatic consequences for those |
263 | 00:13:59,161 | 00:14:02,279 | Who were either caught up in it, close to the volcano, | Who were either caught up in it, close to the volcano, |
264 | 00:14:02,354 | 00:14:04,359 | Or those who suffered the consequences hundreds | Or those who suffered the consequences hundreds |
265 | 00:14:04,434 | 00:14:06,839 | Or even thousands of miles away from the volcano. | Or even thousands of miles away from the volcano. |
266 | 00:14:08,594 | 00:14:11,159 | Mastrelli: When studying more recent volcanic events | Mastrelli: When studying more recent volcanic events |
267 | 00:14:11,234 | 00:14:13,552 | For which there is more data, | For which there is more data, |
268 | 00:14:13,561 | 00:14:15,319 | He's found that large eruptions | He's found that large eruptions |
269 | 00:14:15,394 | 00:14:17,919 | Can lead to global weather chaos. | Can lead to global weather chaos. |
270 | 00:14:18,841 | 00:14:20,199 | Pyle: It's certainly theoretically possible | Pyle: It's certainly theoretically possible |
271 | 00:14:20,274 | 00:14:23,072 | That the thera eruption would have had | That the thera eruption would have had |
272 | 00:14:23,081 | 00:14:25,952 | A global impact on the weather systems, | A global impact on the weather systems, |
273 | 00:14:25,961 | 00:14:28,192 | And that would have had local consequences. | And that would have had local consequences. |
274 | 00:14:28,201 | 00:14:30,992 | So in egypt it's quite likely there would have been | So in egypt it's quite likely there would have been |
275 | 00:14:31,001 | 00:14:33,792 | Unusual or different weather patterns. | Unusual or different weather patterns. |
276 | 00:14:33,801 | 00:14:35,639 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
277 | 00:14:35,714 | 00:14:38,199 | Mastrelli: The eruption of the indonesian volcano tambora, | Mastrelli: The eruption of the indonesian volcano tambora, |
278 | 00:14:38,274 | 00:14:42,079 | In 1815, reveals just how unusual. | In 1815, reveals just how unusual. |
279 | 00:14:45,641 | 00:14:48,839 | Pyle: There were late snowfalls in places like vermont | Pyle: There were late snowfalls in places like vermont |
280 | 00:14:48,914 | 00:14:50,352 | And the carolinas. | And the carolinas. |
281 | 00:14:50,361 | 00:14:52,359 | Snowfall into June, I think, in 1816, | Snowfall into June, I think, in 1816, |
282 | 00:14:52,434 | 00:14:55,232 | And it was a lot wetter and a lot colder. | And it was a lot wetter and a lot colder. |
283 | 00:14:55,241 | 00:14:58,119 | And so across europe and parts of the united states | And so across europe and parts of the united states |
284 | 00:14:58,194 | 00:15:00,912 | There were food shortages because of crop failure. | There were food shortages because of crop failure. |
285 | 00:15:00,921 | 00:15:01,872 | (thunder rumbling) | (thunder rumbling) |
286 | 00:15:01,881 | 00:15:03,639 | Mastrelli: Cold, wet, | Mastrelli: Cold, wet, |
287 | 00:15:03,714 | 00:15:07,759 | Freak weather that destroys crops, hail and lightning, | Freak weather that destroys crops, hail and lightning, |
288 | 00:15:08,034 | 00:15:11,319 | The parallels with the bible's seventh plague are striking. | The parallels with the bible's seventh plague are striking. |
289 | 00:15:12,754 | 00:15:15,879 | And this unstable, colder, wetter climate | And this unstable, colder, wetter climate |
290 | 00:15:16,921 | 00:15:19,472 | Could have also triggered the eighth plague. | Could have also triggered the eighth plague. |
291 | 00:15:19,481 | 00:15:21,152 | (insects chattering) | (insects chattering) |
292 | 00:15:21,161 | 00:15:22,199 | Locusts. | Locusts. |
293 | 00:15:23,154 | 00:15:28,119 | In 2004, an unusual weather system swept across west africa. | In 2004, an unusual weather system swept across west africa. |
294 | 00:15:28,681 | 00:15:31,959 | It brought rain to a region blighted by drought | It brought rain to a region blighted by drought |
295 | 00:15:32,034 | 00:15:34,319 | And seemed like a dream for farmers, | And seemed like a dream for farmers, |
296 | 00:15:35,394 | 00:15:37,999 | But it soon became a nightmare. | But it soon became a nightmare. |
297 | 00:15:38,994 | 00:15:42,359 | Because buried in the sand were desert locust eggs | Because buried in the sand were desert locust eggs |
298 | 00:15:42,434 | 00:15:46,359 | Waiting to absorb moisture and hatch. | Waiting to absorb moisture and hatch. |
299 | 00:15:46,434 | 00:15:48,119 | For the ancient egyptians, | For the ancient egyptians, |
300 | 00:15:48,194 | 00:15:51,959 | Totally reliant on crops from the narrow nile valley, | Totally reliant on crops from the narrow nile valley, |
301 | 00:15:52,034 | 00:15:53,872 | A plague of these tiny insects | A plague of these tiny insects |
302 | 00:15:53,881 | 00:15:56,119 | Would have caused devastating famine. | Would have caused devastating famine. |
303 | 00:15:56,194 | 00:15:58,039 | (insects chattering) | (insects chattering) |
304 | 00:15:58,114 | 00:16:00,992 | Ash clouds and unstable, unseasonal weather | Ash clouds and unstable, unseasonal weather |
305 | 00:16:01,001 | 00:16:03,039 | Would also explain the next plague: | Would also explain the next plague: |
306 | 00:16:04,601 | 00:16:08,519 | The darkness that engulfed egypt for three days. | The darkness that engulfed egypt for three days. |
307 | 00:16:08,594 | 00:16:11,079 | That may be the apocalyptic storm | That may be the apocalyptic storm |
308 | 00:16:11,154 | 00:16:13,792 | Mentioned in the ahmose stele. | Mentioned in the ahmose stele. |
309 | 00:16:13,801 | 00:16:15,959 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
310 | 00:16:16,034 | 00:16:17,552 | Pyle: To an observer who'd never experienced anything | Pyle: To an observer who'd never experienced anything |
311 | 00:16:17,561 | 00:16:19,159 | Like this before it would have seemed like | Like this before it would have seemed like |
312 | 00:16:19,234 | 00:16:20,439 | The end of the world. | The end of the world. |
313 | 00:16:20,514 | 00:16:22,839 | (dramatic music) (thunder roaring) | (dramatic music) (thunder roaring) |
314 | 00:16:22,914 | 00:16:25,479 | Mastrelli: Nine plagues caused by toxic ash | Mastrelli: Nine plagues caused by toxic ash |
315 | 00:16:25,554 | 00:16:27,079 | From the eruption of thera. | From the eruption of thera. |
316 | 00:16:28,841 | 00:16:31,319 | But could it also explain the last plague: | But could it also explain the last plague: |
317 | 00:16:33,241 | 00:16:35,119 | The death of the firstborn. | The death of the firstborn. |
318 | 00:16:37,961 | 00:16:40,272 | (tense music) | (tense music) |
319 | 00:16:40,281 | 00:16:42,512 | The 10th plague of egypt: | The 10th plague of egypt: |
320 | 00:16:42,521 | 00:16:44,639 | The death of the firstborn. | The death of the firstborn. |
321 | 00:16:45,954 | 00:16:47,999 | Struck down in just one night, | Struck down in just one night, |
322 | 00:16:49,154 | 00:16:52,919 | What natural phenomenon could kill so swiftly | What natural phenomenon could kill so swiftly |
323 | 00:16:52,994 | 00:16:54,639 | And so selectively? | And so selectively? |
324 | 00:16:55,954 | 00:16:57,552 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
325 | 00:16:57,561 | 00:17:00,679 | Naunton: As the crops were destroyed by acid rain, | Naunton: As the crops were destroyed by acid rain, |
326 | 00:17:00,754 | 00:17:03,232 | And the suffering of the people was compounded | And the suffering of the people was compounded |
327 | 00:17:03,241 | 00:17:05,399 | By one plague after another, | By one plague after another, |
328 | 00:17:05,474 | 00:17:07,439 | They were forced to eat rotting grain. | They were forced to eat rotting grain. |
329 | 00:17:09,081 | 00:17:11,232 | Mastrelli: This grain, the very thing | Mastrelli: This grain, the very thing |
330 | 00:17:11,241 | 00:17:13,872 | The ancient egyptians depended on, | The ancient egyptians depended on, |
331 | 00:17:13,881 | 00:17:16,119 | May have killed their firstborn children. | May have killed their firstborn children. |
332 | 00:17:18,681 | 00:17:21,239 | At exeter university in the uk, | At exeter university in the uk, |
333 | 00:17:21,314 | 00:17:23,632 | Plant pathologist sarah gurr, | Plant pathologist sarah gurr, |
334 | 00:17:23,641 | 00:17:25,879 | Investigates how this staple food | Investigates how this staple food |
335 | 00:17:25,954 | 00:17:30,359 | Can be infected by a silent killer called ergot. | Can be infected by a silent killer called ergot. |
336 | 00:17:30,434 | 00:17:33,799 | Gurr: Ergot is a fungus that you find growing on the grain | Gurr: Ergot is a fungus that you find growing on the grain |
337 | 00:17:33,874 | 00:17:37,392 | Of both rye and wheat and other cereal plants. | Of both rye and wheat and other cereal plants. |
338 | 00:17:37,401 | 00:17:40,919 | It flourishes when it's been warm and wet. | It flourishes when it's been warm and wet. |
339 | 00:17:40,994 | 00:17:43,799 | Mastrelli: Exactly the kind of weather that blighted egypt | Mastrelli: Exactly the kind of weather that blighted egypt |
340 | 00:17:43,874 | 00:17:45,639 | After the eruption of thera. | After the eruption of thera. |
341 | 00:17:46,674 | 00:17:49,079 | Gurr: If you look at a grain that's infected, | Gurr: If you look at a grain that's infected, |
342 | 00:17:49,154 | 00:17:51,319 | You wouldn't notice that there was a fungus there, | You wouldn't notice that there was a fungus there, |
343 | 00:17:51,394 | 00:17:52,832 | Because its invisible. | Because its invisible. |
344 | 00:17:52,841 | 00:17:55,159 | It's actually hiding within the grain itself. | It's actually hiding within the grain itself. |
345 | 00:17:57,641 | 00:17:59,399 | Mastrelli: The fungus found its way into | Mastrelli: The fungus found its way into |
346 | 00:17:59,474 | 00:18:01,799 | The ancient egyptian's grain stores, | The ancient egyptian's grain stores, |
347 | 00:18:01,874 | 00:18:03,799 | And then into their flour, | And then into their flour, |
348 | 00:18:03,874 | 00:18:07,319 | Turning the bread of life into an agent of death. | Turning the bread of life into an agent of death. |
349 | 00:18:08,754 | 00:18:10,672 | Gurr: First of all, you'd probably feel sick. | Gurr: First of all, you'd probably feel sick. |
350 | 00:18:10,681 | 00:18:12,832 | Your muscles would relax. | Your muscles would relax. |
351 | 00:18:12,841 | 00:18:14,519 | You would then have extraordinarily | You would then have extraordinarily |
352 | 00:18:14,594 | 00:18:16,752 | Odd palpitations of the heart, | Odd palpitations of the heart, |
353 | 00:18:16,761 | 00:18:18,352 | And if you continued to eat it, | And if you continued to eat it, |
354 | 00:18:18,361 | 00:18:20,519 | It would lead to all sorts of problems. | It would lead to all sorts of problems. |
355 | 00:18:21,561 | 00:18:25,079 | Mastrelli: Vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, | Mastrelli: Vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, |
356 | 00:18:25,154 | 00:18:28,399 | Hallucinations, blood clots, and gangrene, | Hallucinations, blood clots, and gangrene, |
357 | 00:18:29,401 | 00:18:33,232 | For a population weakened by one plague after another, | For a population weakened by one plague after another, |
358 | 00:18:33,241 | 00:18:35,559 | Any one of these would have proved fatal. | Any one of these would have proved fatal. |
359 | 00:18:36,994 | 00:18:41,632 | But why would contaminated bread kill only the firstborn? | But why would contaminated bread kill only the firstborn? |
360 | 00:18:41,641 | 00:18:43,079 | Naunton: In egyptian culture, | Naunton: In egyptian culture, |
361 | 00:18:43,154 | 00:18:45,399 | The firstborn was always the top priority | The firstborn was always the top priority |
362 | 00:18:45,474 | 00:18:47,312 | And traditionally they were always offered | And traditionally they were always offered |
363 | 00:18:47,321 | 00:18:50,119 | The food first at mealtimes. | The food first at mealtimes. |
364 | 00:18:50,194 | 00:18:52,512 | The firstborn would have been the first to be offered food. | The firstborn would have been the first to be offered food. |
365 | 00:18:52,521 | 00:18:54,192 | They would have been the first to eat. | They would have been the first to eat. |
366 | 00:18:54,201 | 00:18:55,719 | If there wasn't enough food to go around, | If there wasn't enough food to go around, |
367 | 00:18:55,794 | 00:18:57,879 | They might have been the only one to eat. | They might have been the only one to eat. |
368 | 00:18:57,954 | 00:18:59,559 | They would have been the first to die, | They would have been the first to die, |
369 | 00:18:59,634 | 00:19:01,712 | And the firstborn would have died in higher numbers | And the firstborn would have died in higher numbers |
370 | 00:19:01,721 | 00:19:03,519 | Than any other member of the family. | Than any other member of the family. |
371 | 00:19:04,521 | 00:19:06,919 | Mastrelli: It's now feasible the thera eruption | Mastrelli: It's now feasible the thera eruption |
372 | 00:19:06,994 | 00:19:09,072 | Could have triggered the chain of events | Could have triggered the chain of events |
373 | 00:19:09,081 | 00:19:11,792 | Described in the 10 plagues of egypt, | Described in the 10 plagues of egypt, |
374 | 00:19:11,801 | 00:19:13,952 | But could it also be the inspiration | But could it also be the inspiration |
375 | 00:19:13,961 | 00:19:15,872 | Behind the ahmose stele? | Behind the ahmose stele? |
376 | 00:19:15,881 | 00:19:18,519 | For decades geologists have been unable | For decades geologists have been unable |
377 | 00:19:18,594 | 00:19:22,119 | To pin an exact date on the santorini blast, | To pin an exact date on the santorini blast, |
378 | 00:19:22,194 | 00:19:25,159 | An explosion so cataclysmic it obliterated | An explosion so cataclysmic it obliterated |
379 | 00:19:25,234 | 00:19:27,792 | All life on the island. | All life on the island. |
380 | 00:19:27,801 | 00:19:32,512 | But in 1996, scientists made a miraculous discovery, | But in 1996, scientists made a miraculous discovery, |
381 | 00:19:32,521 | 00:19:35,552 | Recovering this tiny piece of olive branch | Recovering this tiny piece of olive branch |
382 | 00:19:35,561 | 00:19:38,919 | Buried inside the layers of compacted ash. | Buried inside the layers of compacted ash. |
383 | 00:19:38,994 | 00:19:41,312 | It was just enough organic material | It was just enough organic material |
384 | 00:19:41,321 | 00:19:43,552 | For carbon testing to reveal, | For carbon testing to reveal, |
385 | 00:19:43,561 | 00:19:48,559 | That this volcano blew sometime between 1600 and 1626 bce, | That this volcano blew sometime between 1600 and 1626 bce, |
386 | 00:19:50,761 | 00:19:52,039 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
387 | 00:19:52,114 | 00:19:53,552 | And this date fits with the account | And this date fits with the account |
388 | 00:19:53,561 | 00:19:56,279 | Of a terrible storm in the ahmose stele. | Of a terrible storm in the ahmose stele. |
389 | 00:19:58,914 | 00:20:01,232 | Moeller: We are now looking at the beginning | Moeller: We are now looking at the beginning |
390 | 00:20:01,241 | 00:20:05,152 | Of the reign of ahmose around 1570-bc. | Of the reign of ahmose around 1570-bc. |
391 | 00:20:05,161 | 00:20:06,592 | The eruption of thera | The eruption of thera |
392 | 00:20:06,601 | 00:20:08,912 | And the reign of ahmose are close enough | And the reign of ahmose are close enough |
393 | 00:20:08,921 | 00:20:12,119 | That we can actually propose that he might | That we can actually propose that he might |
394 | 00:20:12,194 | 00:20:15,319 | Have witnessed the aftermath of the volcano eruption. | Have witnessed the aftermath of the volcano eruption. |
395 | 00:20:15,394 | 00:20:17,072 | (thunder rumbling) | (thunder rumbling) |
396 | 00:20:17,081 | 00:20:20,519 | There's certainly a good possibility that we can link | There's certainly a good possibility that we can link |
397 | 00:20:20,594 | 00:20:23,712 | Ahmose to the actual eruption of thera | Ahmose to the actual eruption of thera |
398 | 00:20:23,721 | 00:20:25,799 | In the eastern mediterranean. | In the eastern mediterranean. |
399 | 00:20:25,874 | 00:20:27,559 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
400 | 00:20:27,634 | 00:20:29,239 | Mastrelli: If moeller is right, | Mastrelli: If moeller is right, |
401 | 00:20:29,314 | 00:20:32,272 | The stele proves the thera eruption had a direct | The stele proves the thera eruption had a direct |
402 | 00:20:32,281 | 00:20:34,839 | And devastating effect on egypt, | And devastating effect on egypt, |
403 | 00:20:36,354 | 00:20:37,872 | And if the stele and the bible | And if the stele and the bible |
404 | 00:20:37,881 | 00:20:40,112 | Are talking about the same events, | Are talking about the same events, |
405 | 00:20:40,121 | 00:20:42,592 | Then it may finally be possible to explain | Then it may finally be possible to explain |
406 | 00:20:42,601 | 00:20:45,872 | The 10 plagues of egypt as the deadly aftermath | The 10 plagues of egypt as the deadly aftermath |
407 | 00:20:45,881 | 00:20:48,119 | Of the explosion of santorini. | Of the explosion of santorini. |
408 | 00:20:49,234 | 00:20:51,039 | It's a breathtaking revelation. | It's a breathtaking revelation. |
409 | 00:20:52,434 | 00:20:55,919 | A biblical legend turned into historical fact. | A biblical legend turned into historical fact. |
410 | 00:20:57,241 | 00:21:00,679 | Naunton: The historical evidence and the scientific evidence | Naunton: The historical evidence and the scientific evidence |
411 | 00:21:00,754 | 00:21:04,679 | Taken all together shows us that we can explain | Taken all together shows us that we can explain |
412 | 00:21:04,754 | 00:21:07,872 | These events through natural phenomena. | These events through natural phenomena. |
413 | 00:21:07,881 | 00:21:10,759 | It's only now 3,000 years later, | It's only now 3,000 years later, |
414 | 00:21:10,834 | 00:21:12,672 | That we're able to apply science | That we're able to apply science |
415 | 00:21:12,681 | 00:21:16,799 | And technology to see what lies behind the 10 plagues. | And technology to see what lies behind the 10 plagues. |
416 | 00:21:18,674 | 00:21:20,279 | Mastrelli: The evidence is convincing. | Mastrelli: The evidence is convincing. |
417 | 00:21:21,881 | 00:21:23,792 | The 10 plagues can be explained | The 10 plagues can be explained |
418 | 00:21:23,801 | 00:21:27,879 | By one catastrophic natural disaster. | By one catastrophic natural disaster. |
419 | 00:21:27,954 | 00:21:30,759 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
420 | 00:21:31,641 | 00:21:33,232 | In many instances, | In many instances, |
421 | 00:21:33,241 | 00:21:36,119 | The bible drew inspiration from real events. | The bible drew inspiration from real events. |
422 | 00:21:36,194 | 00:21:37,632 | While the ancients didn't possess | While the ancients didn't possess |
423 | 00:21:37,641 | 00:21:40,352 | The modern technology to record them accurately, | The modern technology to record them accurately, |
424 | 00:21:40,361 | 00:21:42,439 | Their experiences were nonetheless legitimate | Their experiences were nonetheless legitimate |
425 | 00:21:42,514 | 00:21:44,832 | And immortalized in stories and legends | And immortalized in stories and legends |
426 | 00:21:44,841 | 00:21:46,752 | Passed down through generations. | Passed down through generations. |
427 | 00:21:46,761 | 00:21:49,159 | Science and religion are often portrayed | Science and religion are often portrayed |
428 | 00:21:49,234 | 00:21:50,912 | At odds with one another, | At odds with one another, |
429 | 00:21:50,921 | 00:21:52,592 | But in the case of the 10 plagues, | But in the case of the 10 plagues, |
430 | 00:21:52,601 | 00:21:55,639 | They may actually complement each other perfectly | They may actually complement each other perfectly |
431 | 00:21:55,714 | 00:21:58,879 | And help solve a 3500 year old riddle. | And help solve a 3500 year old riddle. |