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# | Start | End | Original | Translated |
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1 | 00:00:01,634 | 00:00:03,639 | Mastrelli: This relic has passed through the hands | Mastrelli: This relic has passed through the hands |
2 | 00:00:03,714 | 00:00:06,352 | Of kings and conquerors. | Of kings and conquerors. |
3 | 00:00:06,361 | 00:00:09,959 | It's been the center of extraordinary claims. | It's been the center of extraordinary claims. |
4 | 00:00:10,034 | 00:00:13,392 | They say it pierced the side of christ, | They say it pierced the side of christ, |
5 | 00:00:13,401 | 00:00:17,799 | That it holds inside it a nail from the crucifixion, | That it holds inside it a nail from the crucifixion, |
6 | 00:00:17,874 | 00:00:22,359 | That it guarantees its possessor victory in battle. | That it guarantees its possessor victory in battle. |
7 | 00:00:22,434 | 00:00:25,119 | But what are its real origins? | But what are its real origins? |
8 | 00:00:26,121 | 00:00:30,199 | How has this one object sparked so many stories? | How has this one object sparked so many stories? |
9 | 00:00:31,634 | 00:00:34,679 | Wrapped in silver, and gold, | Wrapped in silver, and gold, |
10 | 00:00:34,754 | 00:00:36,999 | And more than 1,000 years of mythmaking, | And more than 1,000 years of mythmaking, |
11 | 00:00:38,194 | 00:00:42,192 | What is the truth about the spear of destiny? | What is the truth about the spear of destiny? |
12 | 00:00:42,201 | 00:00:45,312 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
13 | 00:00:45,321 | 00:00:49,239 | For centuries, the mysteries of the past | For centuries, the mysteries of the past |
14 | 00:00:49,314 | 00:00:52,279 | Have kept their secrets, | Have kept their secrets, |
15 | 00:00:52,354 | 00:00:56,039 | But there are clues cast in gold, | But there are clues cast in gold, |
16 | 00:00:56,114 | 00:00:57,719 | Etched in stone, | Etched in stone, |
17 | 00:00:58,834 | 00:01:00,119 | Written in blood. | Written in blood. |
18 | 00:01:03,874 | 00:01:05,799 | We can unlock them. | We can unlock them. |
19 | 00:01:22,921 | 00:01:27,079 | Some objects seem to possess an aura of mystery about them. | Some objects seem to possess an aura of mystery about them. |
20 | 00:01:27,154 | 00:01:29,632 | In central africa they're called fetishes. | In central africa they're called fetishes. |
21 | 00:01:29,641 | 00:01:32,519 | In north america, they're called dream catchers. | In north america, they're called dream catchers. |
22 | 00:01:32,594 | 00:01:34,999 | Back in the day, this papua new guinean mask | Back in the day, this papua new guinean mask |
23 | 00:01:35,074 | 00:01:37,959 | Might have brought its owner some serious renown. | Might have brought its owner some serious renown. |
24 | 00:01:38,034 | 00:01:40,679 | Then again there are objects in this world | Then again there are objects in this world |
25 | 00:01:40,754 | 00:01:43,799 | That inspire an entirely different order of awe | That inspire an entirely different order of awe |
26 | 00:01:43,874 | 00:01:47,719 | And fascination that give rise to myths and legends | And fascination that give rise to myths and legends |
27 | 00:01:47,794 | 00:01:51,359 | And that extend the power of the past to the present day. | And that extend the power of the past to the present day. |
28 | 00:01:53,714 | 00:01:55,872 | Deep within the kunst historische museum, | Deep within the kunst historische museum, |
29 | 00:01:55,881 | 00:01:57,312 | Vienna, austria, | Vienna, austria, |
30 | 00:01:57,321 | 00:02:00,912 | Just such a relic is on public display: | Just such a relic is on public display: |
31 | 00:02:00,921 | 00:02:02,759 | A fractured metal lance head. | A fractured metal lance head. |
32 | 00:02:03,881 | 00:02:08,879 | Bound with silver wire and wrapped in a sheath of gold. | Bound with silver wire and wrapped in a sheath of gold. |
33 | 00:02:09,241 | 00:02:11,079 | It bears these words: | It bears these words: |
34 | 00:02:12,121 | 00:02:14,992 | Lancea et clavus domini | Lancea et clavus domini |
35 | 00:02:15,001 | 00:02:17,799 | "the spear and nail of our lord." | "the spear and nail of our lord." |
36 | 00:02:17,874 | 00:02:19,639 | It's called the spear of destiny | It's called the spear of destiny |
37 | 00:02:21,074 | 00:02:22,912 | And, according to urban legend, | And, according to urban legend, |
38 | 00:02:22,921 | 00:02:26,599 | Adolf hitler once gazed longingly upon it as a child. | Adolf hitler once gazed longingly upon it as a child. |
39 | 00:02:27,801 | 00:02:29,872 | Given the power it's said to wield, | Given the power it's said to wield, |
40 | 00:02:29,881 | 00:02:32,119 | Such a myth is unsurprising. | Such a myth is unsurprising. |
41 | 00:02:33,394 | 00:02:36,519 | Feather: The spear is endowed with a power | Feather: The spear is endowed with a power |
42 | 00:02:36,594 | 00:02:41,232 | To give someone invincibility in battle. | To give someone invincibility in battle. |
43 | 00:02:41,241 | 00:02:46,119 | And that aura grew and grew and grew through history. | And that aura grew and grew and grew through history. |
44 | 00:02:47,321 | 00:02:50,279 | Mastrelli: But what is the real story of the spear? | Mastrelli: But what is the real story of the spear? |
45 | 00:02:50,354 | 00:02:52,352 | It's a question a team of researchers | It's a question a team of researchers |
46 | 00:02:52,361 | 00:02:54,039 | And conservators assembled | And conservators assembled |
47 | 00:02:54,114 | 00:02:57,519 | By the kunst historische museum hopes to answer. | By the kunst historische museum hopes to answer. |
48 | 00:02:58,521 | 00:03:03,519 | Kirchweger: We decided to do new research on the holy lance. | Kirchweger: We decided to do new research on the holy lance. |
49 | 00:03:03,794 | 00:03:05,959 | Mastrelli: They'll scan it for physical clues. | Mastrelli: They'll scan it for physical clues. |
50 | 00:03:06,034 | 00:03:09,319 | Schreiner: We have here the results of the analysis. | Schreiner: We have here the results of the analysis. |
51 | 00:03:11,081 | 00:03:13,319 | Mastrelli: And examine the evidence from four countries | Mastrelli: And examine the evidence from four countries |
52 | 00:03:13,394 | 00:03:17,959 | And 20 centuries in a quest to find the truth. | And 20 centuries in a quest to find the truth. |
53 | 00:03:21,561 | 00:03:25,152 | Dr. Helen bond is an expert on early christianity | Dr. Helen bond is an expert on early christianity |
54 | 00:03:25,161 | 00:03:28,279 | And the biblical origins of the spear story. | And the biblical origins of the spear story. |
55 | 00:03:28,354 | 00:03:31,279 | It's mentioned just once, in the gospel of st. John. | It's mentioned just once, in the gospel of st. John. |
56 | 00:03:32,194 | 00:03:35,712 | Bond: The story of the lance is only in john's gospel | Bond: The story of the lance is only in john's gospel |
57 | 00:03:35,721 | 00:03:38,679 | And that's the only place in the entire new testament | And that's the only place in the entire new testament |
58 | 00:03:38,754 | 00:03:41,119 | That you get any reference to the lance at all. | That you get any reference to the lance at all. |
59 | 00:03:42,434 | 00:03:45,072 | Mastrelli: It comes during the crucifixion. | Mastrelli: It comes during the crucifixion. |
60 | 00:03:45,081 | 00:03:48,272 | Jesus hangs lifeless on the cross, | Jesus hangs lifeless on the cross, |
61 | 00:03:48,281 | 00:03:52,439 | And a roman soldier wants to check that he really is dead. | And a roman soldier wants to check that he really is dead. |
62 | 00:03:52,514 | 00:03:56,199 | Bond: One of the soldiers pierced his side with his lance, | Bond: One of the soldiers pierced his side with his lance, |
63 | 00:03:56,274 | 00:03:59,079 | And immediately blood and water flowed out. | And immediately blood and water flowed out. |
64 | 00:04:01,001 | 00:04:03,799 | Mastrelli: The spear, because it delivered the last wound | Mastrelli: The spear, because it delivered the last wound |
65 | 00:04:03,874 | 00:04:08,119 | To jesus' body, is said to possess tremendous power. | To jesus' body, is said to possess tremendous power. |
66 | 00:04:10,194 | 00:04:12,272 | Bond: People have clearly thought of the lance | Bond: People have clearly thought of the lance |
67 | 00:04:12,281 | 00:04:16,279 | As a way to connect them to the death of jesus. | As a way to connect them to the death of jesus. |
68 | 00:04:17,801 | 00:04:20,352 | Mastrelli: In the middle ages, hundreds of artifacts | Mastrelli: In the middle ages, hundreds of artifacts |
69 | 00:04:20,361 | 00:04:22,519 | Were venerated for their supposed connection | Were venerated for their supposed connection |
70 | 00:04:22,594 | 00:04:23,839 | To the lives of saints | To the lives of saints |
71 | 00:04:24,834 | 00:04:26,992 | But objects thought to offer a direct, | But objects thought to offer a direct, |
72 | 00:04:27,001 | 00:04:30,679 | Physical link to jesus were much rarer. | Physical link to jesus were much rarer. |
73 | 00:04:30,754 | 00:04:34,432 | Bond: There's not really very many relics connected with jesus | Bond: There's not really very many relics connected with jesus |
74 | 00:04:34,441 | 00:04:38,279 | But the primary ones as far as the people in the middle ages | But the primary ones as far as the people in the middle ages |
75 | 00:04:38,354 | 00:04:42,032 | Were concerned were those to do with his death. | Were concerned were those to do with his death. |
76 | 00:04:42,041 | 00:04:44,672 | Mastrelli: Tradition says that the first attempts to gather | Mastrelli: Tradition says that the first attempts to gather |
77 | 00:04:44,681 | 00:04:49,079 | And preserve such objects began in the fourth century ce. | And preserve such objects began in the fourth century ce. |
78 | 00:04:50,121 | 00:04:53,479 | That's when the emperor constantine decreed christianity | That's when the emperor constantine decreed christianity |
79 | 00:04:53,554 | 00:04:56,032 | The official religion of the roman empire | The official religion of the roman empire |
80 | 00:04:56,041 | 00:04:58,599 | And his mother helena went on a quest | And his mother helena went on a quest |
81 | 00:04:58,674 | 00:05:00,752 | To find relics of the crucifixion | To find relics of the crucifixion |
82 | 00:05:00,761 | 00:05:03,719 | 300 years after the fact. | 300 years after the fact. |
83 | 00:05:03,794 | 00:05:05,472 | Bond: According to tradition, | Bond: According to tradition, |
84 | 00:05:05,481 | 00:05:08,112 | His mother helena went to jerusalem | His mother helena went to jerusalem |
85 | 00:05:08,121 | 00:05:10,432 | And she was looking around for the place | And she was looking around for the place |
86 | 00:05:10,441 | 00:05:12,359 | Where jesus was crucified. | Where jesus was crucified. |
87 | 00:05:13,314 | 00:05:15,952 | Mastrelli: As a feat of biblical archeology, | Mastrelli: As a feat of biblical archeology, |
88 | 00:05:15,961 | 00:05:17,959 | It was a remarkable success. | It was a remarkable success. |
89 | 00:05:19,794 | 00:05:21,479 | Bond: And as she was digging around, | Bond: And as she was digging around, |
90 | 00:05:21,554 | 00:05:25,079 | She found not only fragments of the true cross, | She found not only fragments of the true cross, |
91 | 00:05:25,154 | 00:05:28,592 | But also nails that were said to have attached jesus | But also nails that were said to have attached jesus |
92 | 00:05:28,601 | 00:05:31,439 | To the cross and also the lance. | To the cross and also the lance. |
93 | 00:05:33,481 | 00:05:36,279 | Mastrelli: Could two of helena's finds have been incorporated | Mastrelli: Could two of helena's finds have been incorporated |
94 | 00:05:36,354 | 00:05:37,759 | Into the spear of destiny? | Into the spear of destiny? |
95 | 00:05:39,234 | 00:05:42,359 | And could either one, or both, be genuine? | And could either one, or both, be genuine? |
96 | 00:05:43,801 | 00:05:46,272 | Today, new technology offers the chance | Today, new technology offers the chance |
97 | 00:05:46,281 | 00:05:47,879 | To test those claims. | To test those claims. |
98 | 00:05:49,794 | 00:05:53,152 | Kirchweger: The last time substantial investigations | Kirchweger: The last time substantial investigations |
99 | 00:05:53,161 | 00:05:55,959 | Have been taken were in the 1920s, | Have been taken were in the 1920s, |
100 | 00:05:56,034 | 00:05:58,352 | And of course the possibilities | And of course the possibilities |
101 | 00:05:58,361 | 00:06:02,399 | Are on a totally different level nowadays. | Are on a totally different level nowadays. |
102 | 00:06:03,241 | 00:06:05,879 | Mastrelli: As curator, dr. Franz kirchweger | Mastrelli: As curator, dr. Franz kirchweger |
103 | 00:06:05,954 | 00:06:08,359 | Is the latest keeper of the spear. | Is the latest keeper of the spear. |
104 | 00:06:08,434 | 00:06:12,272 | He has assembled a multi-disciplinary team. | He has assembled a multi-disciplinary team. |
105 | 00:06:12,281 | 00:06:14,519 | Kirchweger: The holy lance has different layers | Kirchweger: The holy lance has different layers |
106 | 00:06:14,594 | 00:06:16,759 | Telling a lot about its history. | Telling a lot about its history. |
107 | 00:06:17,794 | 00:06:20,999 | Mastrelli: The plan is to study each element of the spear, | Mastrelli: The plan is to study each element of the spear, |
108 | 00:06:21,074 | 00:06:22,679 | Not just the spearhead, | Not just the spearhead, |
109 | 00:06:22,754 | 00:06:26,399 | But also the central iron pin that divides the blade | But also the central iron pin that divides the blade |
110 | 00:06:27,321 | 00:06:30,719 | And that some say holds crucifixion nails. | And that some say holds crucifixion nails. |
111 | 00:06:33,954 | 00:06:36,599 | But, first, that golden outer layer. | But, first, that golden outer layer. |
112 | 00:06:38,834 | 00:06:41,399 | Kirchweger has enlisted the help of an expert | Kirchweger has enlisted the help of an expert |
113 | 00:06:41,474 | 00:06:44,559 | In medieval metals, dr. Birgit buhler. | In medieval metals, dr. Birgit buhler. |
114 | 00:06:46,681 | 00:06:50,192 | Buhler: If you look at it from a distance at the letters, | Buhler: If you look at it from a distance at the letters, |
115 | 00:06:50,201 | 00:06:53,039 | It actually looks quite good quality, | It actually looks quite good quality, |
116 | 00:06:53,881 | 00:06:56,992 | But when you look at it in an optical microscope | But when you look at it in an optical microscope |
117 | 00:06:57,001 | 00:06:59,399 | You can see the tiny faults. | You can see the tiny faults. |
118 | 00:06:59,474 | 00:07:03,239 | It looks like someone was not a master | It looks like someone was not a master |
119 | 00:07:03,314 | 00:07:05,959 | In the high art of engraving. | In the high art of engraving. |
120 | 00:07:06,034 | 00:07:08,119 | Mastrelli: This doesn't tell us who the engraver was | Mastrelli: This doesn't tell us who the engraver was |
121 | 00:07:08,194 | 00:07:09,959 | Or for whom he worked, | Or for whom he worked, |
122 | 00:07:10,034 | 00:07:13,712 | But every individual feature of his style is a clue, | But every individual feature of his style is a clue, |
123 | 00:07:13,721 | 00:07:15,952 | Especially if the same style | Especially if the same style |
124 | 00:07:15,961 | 00:07:18,279 | Can be found on other engravings. | Can be found on other engravings. |
125 | 00:07:20,034 | 00:07:23,159 | Buhler: Craftsmanship is always very specialized. | Buhler: Craftsmanship is always very specialized. |
126 | 00:07:23,234 | 00:07:27,152 | Mastrelli: Remarkably, a comparable engraving does exist. | Mastrelli: Remarkably, a comparable engraving does exist. |
127 | 00:07:27,161 | 00:07:29,552 | It's on the base of a magnificent cross | It's on the base of a magnificent cross |
128 | 00:07:29,561 | 00:07:31,552 | Whose provenance is as clear | Whose provenance is as clear |
129 | 00:07:31,561 | 00:07:33,799 | As the spear of destiny's is murky. | As the spear of destiny's is murky. |
130 | 00:07:35,241 | 00:07:36,512 | Buhler: There maybe is a correlation, | Buhler: There maybe is a correlation, |
131 | 00:07:36,521 | 00:07:40,112 | And maybe it's the same craftsman. | And maybe it's the same craftsman. |
132 | 00:07:40,121 | 00:07:43,079 | Mastrelli: In fact, the two pieces are so similar | Mastrelli: In fact, the two pieces are so similar |
133 | 00:07:43,154 | 00:07:45,792 | That buhler is convinced they're from the same time, | That buhler is convinced they're from the same time, |
134 | 00:07:45,801 | 00:07:47,239 | If not the same hand. | If not the same hand. |
135 | 00:07:48,841 | 00:07:51,719 | Moreover, the inscription on the cross | Moreover, the inscription on the cross |
136 | 00:07:51,794 | 00:07:53,959 | Names the man for whom it was made. | Names the man for whom it was made. |
137 | 00:07:54,834 | 00:07:57,319 | That man was charles iv, | That man was charles iv, |
138 | 00:07:57,394 | 00:08:00,439 | The holy roman emperor and king of bohemia. | The holy roman emperor and king of bohemia. |
139 | 00:08:01,401 | 00:08:05,079 | In the mid-14th century, he ruled much of central europe | In the mid-14th century, he ruled much of central europe |
140 | 00:08:05,154 | 00:08:07,559 | From what is, today, the czech republic. | From what is, today, the czech republic. |
141 | 00:08:08,434 | 00:08:09,712 | Rosario: Charles the relic collector, | Rosario: Charles the relic collector, |
142 | 00:08:09,721 | 00:08:11,312 | Well, there was no one like him. | Well, there was no one like him. |
143 | 00:08:11,321 | 00:08:12,992 | Wherever he went, | Wherever he went, |
144 | 00:08:13,001 | 00:08:17,159 | He collected any and every relic that was available. | He collected any and every relic that was available. |
145 | 00:08:18,041 | 00:08:20,832 | Mastrelli: Indeed, the inscription is far | Mastrelli: Indeed, the inscription is far |
146 | 00:08:20,841 | 00:08:22,359 | From the only indication | From the only indication |
147 | 00:08:22,434 | 00:08:25,119 | That the spear spent time in charles' possession. | That the spear spent time in charles' possession. |
148 | 00:08:26,121 | 00:08:28,199 | Charles himself took care of that. | Charles himself took care of that. |
149 | 00:08:33,714 | 00:08:37,392 | Here, at this top of his castle residence near prague, | Here, at this top of his castle residence near prague, |
150 | 00:08:37,401 | 00:08:39,399 | He built an extraordinary chapel | He built an extraordinary chapel |
151 | 00:08:39,474 | 00:08:42,359 | To host his vast collection of relics. | To host his vast collection of relics. |
152 | 00:08:44,281 | 00:08:47,639 | Buhler: You open into a world that is just lavish | Buhler: You open into a world that is just lavish |
153 | 00:08:47,714 | 00:08:49,719 | And beautiful and sparkling. | And beautiful and sparkling. |
154 | 00:08:52,281 | 00:08:55,952 | The walls are set with semi-precious stones | The walls are set with semi-precious stones |
155 | 00:08:55,961 | 00:08:57,839 | And with embossed gold work. | And with embossed gold work. |
156 | 00:09:00,441 | 00:09:05,232 | Above are the 130 paintings, you can see the recesses there, | Above are the 130 paintings, you can see the recesses there, |
157 | 00:09:05,241 | 00:09:08,879 | Each contained a relic of a saint, it was a sacred space. | Each contained a relic of a saint, it was a sacred space. |
158 | 00:09:11,714 | 00:09:14,839 | Mastrelli: This is where he kept the spear of destiny | Mastrelli: This is where he kept the spear of destiny |
159 | 00:09:14,914 | 00:09:17,232 | But it's how he publicly displayed it | But it's how he publicly displayed it |
160 | 00:09:17,241 | 00:09:18,799 | That's the most revealing. | That's the most revealing. |
161 | 00:09:27,874 | 00:09:29,719 | Rosario: A special day organized | Rosario: A special day organized |
162 | 00:09:29,794 | 00:09:32,352 | Which was only for the holy lance | Which was only for the holy lance |
163 | 00:09:32,361 | 00:09:35,552 | And nail of the lord and that tells us how important | And nail of the lord and that tells us how important |
164 | 00:09:35,561 | 00:09:38,999 | Charles must of thought that this holy lance was. | Charles must of thought that this holy lance was. |
165 | 00:09:39,074 | 00:09:40,592 | Mastrelli: Each year, | Mastrelli: Each year, |
166 | 00:09:40,601 | 00:09:42,199 | It was ceremonially carried out of the chapel | It was ceremonially carried out of the chapel |
167 | 00:09:42,274 | 00:09:44,919 | And onto a specially -built balcony, | And onto a specially -built balcony, |
168 | 00:09:44,994 | 00:09:48,672 | Here it was held up before an adoring crowd. | Here it was held up before an adoring crowd. |
169 | 00:09:48,681 | 00:09:51,639 | King charles knew full well the effect it would have. | King charles knew full well the effect it would have. |
170 | 00:09:51,714 | 00:09:53,152 | Rosario: The holy lance | Rosario: The holy lance |
171 | 00:09:53,161 | 00:09:56,359 | Had been bathed in the very blood of christ | Had been bathed in the very blood of christ |
172 | 00:09:56,434 | 00:09:58,999 | And consequently for the medieval man, | And consequently for the medieval man, |
173 | 00:09:59,074 | 00:10:02,672 | You could get no closer to the divine than that. | You could get no closer to the divine than that. |
174 | 00:10:02,681 | 00:10:04,512 | The medieval person considered | The medieval person considered |
175 | 00:10:04,521 | 00:10:08,672 | That he was in the very presence of god at that moment. | That he was in the very presence of god at that moment. |
176 | 00:10:08,681 | 00:10:10,919 | Mastrelli: And that, of course, made the person | Mastrelli: And that, of course, made the person |
177 | 00:10:10,994 | 00:10:14,039 | Who owned this object very important indeed. | Who owned this object very important indeed. |
178 | 00:10:15,714 | 00:10:20,679 | Rosario: Anyone who possessed the lance had been chosen by god | Rosario: Anyone who possessed the lance had been chosen by god |
179 | 00:10:20,921 | 00:10:22,752 | To be his representative on earth, | To be his representative on earth, |
180 | 00:10:22,761 | 00:10:25,439 | To sit on the highest throne. | To sit on the highest throne. |
181 | 00:10:27,154 | 00:10:30,119 | Mastrelli: Charles iv had schemed his way to power, | Mastrelli: Charles iv had schemed his way to power, |
182 | 00:10:30,194 | 00:10:34,719 | Uniting a divided, unstable kingdom under his sole control. | Uniting a divided, unstable kingdom under his sole control. |
183 | 00:10:35,721 | 00:10:39,072 | Part of that success came from convincing his people | Part of that success came from convincing his people |
184 | 00:10:39,081 | 00:10:41,479 | He had a god-given right to rule. | He had a god-given right to rule. |
185 | 00:10:42,674 | 00:10:47,319 | And in that situation, the spear was a very powerful weapon. | And in that situation, the spear was a very powerful weapon. |
186 | 00:10:47,394 | 00:10:51,799 | It's no wonder, perhaps that he had it wrapped in gold. | It's no wonder, perhaps that he had it wrapped in gold. |
187 | 00:10:51,874 | 00:10:53,879 | Rosario: It was a way of self-legitimizing, | Rosario: It was a way of self-legitimizing, |
188 | 00:10:53,954 | 00:10:55,552 | Self-aggrandizing, | Self-aggrandizing, |
189 | 00:10:55,561 | 00:10:58,439 | And for eternity to come. | And for eternity to come. |
190 | 00:10:58,514 | 00:11:02,119 | Charles iv was on one hand deeply religious, | Charles iv was on one hand deeply religious, |
191 | 00:11:02,194 | 00:11:07,159 | And on the other hand a hard, cold calculating pragmatist. | And on the other hand a hard, cold calculating pragmatist. |
192 | 00:11:07,641 | 00:11:10,672 | Mastrelli: King charles clearly grasped that some relics | Mastrelli: King charles clearly grasped that some relics |
193 | 00:11:10,681 | 00:11:14,039 | Can be a source of real political power. | Can be a source of real political power. |
194 | 00:11:14,114 | 00:11:18,759 | But charles iv lived some 13 centuries after the crucifixion | But charles iv lived some 13 centuries after the crucifixion |
195 | 00:11:18,834 | 00:11:20,199 | And had no way of knowing | And had no way of knowing |
196 | 00:11:20,274 | 00:11:23,039 | Whether the spear was genuine or not. | Whether the spear was genuine or not. |
197 | 00:11:24,201 | 00:11:25,639 | Today, though, | Today, though, |
198 | 00:11:25,714 | 00:11:28,519 | Thanks to the scientific team now on the case, | Thanks to the scientific team now on the case, |
199 | 00:11:28,594 | 00:11:32,399 | That's a question that might finally be answered. | That's a question that might finally be answered. |
200 | 00:11:33,794 | 00:11:36,999 | An ancient bladed weapon is more than an instrument of war, | An ancient bladed weapon is more than an instrument of war, |
201 | 00:11:37,074 | 00:11:39,159 | It's also a kind of recording device. | It's also a kind of recording device. |
202 | 00:11:39,234 | 00:11:41,632 | Even a cursory examination can tell you a lot | Even a cursory examination can tell you a lot |
203 | 00:11:41,641 | 00:11:44,432 | About the history of a sword or a dagger. | About the history of a sword or a dagger. |
204 | 00:11:44,441 | 00:11:47,712 | Take a look at the cutting edge on this yemeni janbiya. | Take a look at the cutting edge on this yemeni janbiya. |
205 | 00:11:47,721 | 00:11:49,719 | See the nicks and furrows? | See the nicks and furrows? |
206 | 00:11:49,794 | 00:11:52,279 | This is a blade that's been in the heat of battle | This is a blade that's been in the heat of battle |
207 | 00:11:52,354 | 00:11:54,752 | And has seen some serious action. | And has seen some serious action. |
208 | 00:11:54,761 | 00:11:58,399 | Compare it to this sword, you see how smooth it is? | Compare it to this sword, you see how smooth it is? |
209 | 00:12:00,034 | 00:12:02,439 | This thing has never even been sharpened | This thing has never even been sharpened |
210 | 00:12:02,514 | 00:12:05,079 | And it's certainly never seen a day in combat. | And it's certainly never seen a day in combat. |
211 | 00:12:09,161 | 00:12:11,639 | Dr. Eric szameit is an anthropologist | Dr. Eric szameit is an anthropologist |
212 | 00:12:11,714 | 00:12:14,599 | With a special interest in ancient weaponry. | With a special interest in ancient weaponry. |
213 | 00:12:14,674 | 00:12:16,832 | He's made a study of how bladed weapons | He's made a study of how bladed weapons |
214 | 00:12:16,841 | 00:12:18,719 | Have evolved down the centuries. | Have evolved down the centuries. |
215 | 00:12:19,641 | 00:12:21,799 | And, using x-ray images, | And, using x-ray images, |
216 | 00:12:21,874 | 00:12:24,192 | He's produced a replica of the spear, | He's produced a replica of the spear, |
217 | 00:12:24,201 | 00:12:26,839 | As it would have looked, when it was first made. | As it would have looked, when it was first made. |
218 | 00:12:28,674 | 00:12:30,799 | Szameit: The blade is rather heavy. | Szameit: The blade is rather heavy. |
219 | 00:12:31,641 | 00:12:34,352 | Mastrelli: The key fact for him is that this spear | Mastrelli: The key fact for him is that this spear |
220 | 00:12:34,361 | 00:12:36,519 | Is designed for hand -to-hand combat. | Is designed for hand -to-hand combat. |
221 | 00:12:37,961 | 00:12:40,759 | You could stroke from above | You could stroke from above |
222 | 00:12:40,834 | 00:12:43,639 | Or you could stroke from the side. | Or you could stroke from the side. |
223 | 00:12:43,714 | 00:12:46,119 | Mastrelli: It's meant to stab, to chop, | Mastrelli: It's meant to stab, to chop, |
224 | 00:12:46,194 | 00:12:47,952 | And to fend off an enemy's blows. | And to fend off an enemy's blows. |
225 | 00:12:47,961 | 00:12:52,919 | Szameit: A very dangerous, heavy weapon. | Szameit: A very dangerous, heavy weapon. |
226 | 00:12:52,994 | 00:12:54,432 | Mastrelli: It's a style of combat | Mastrelli: It's a style of combat |
227 | 00:12:54,441 | 00:12:57,159 | That will certainly take its toll on the blade. | That will certainly take its toll on the blade. |
228 | 00:12:57,234 | 00:12:58,719 | Szameit demonstrates. | Szameit demonstrates. |
229 | 00:13:00,354 | 00:13:04,239 | (speaking in foreign language) | (speaking in foreign language) |
230 | 00:13:07,234 | 00:13:10,752 | He has examined the holy lance in microscopic detail, | He has examined the holy lance in microscopic detail, |
231 | 00:13:10,761 | 00:13:13,952 | But neither x-ray nor microscopic analysis | But neither x-ray nor microscopic analysis |
232 | 00:13:13,961 | 00:13:16,192 | Reveal any damage to the spear. | Reveal any damage to the spear. |
233 | 00:13:16,201 | 00:13:20,799 | Szameit: It has no marks that it was damaged during a battle. | Szameit: It has no marks that it was damaged during a battle. |
234 | 00:13:21,874 | 00:13:26,839 | This holy spear was never used in real fighting. | This holy spear was never used in real fighting. |
235 | 00:13:28,754 | 00:13:31,792 | Mastrelli: Given its reputation as a powerful weapon, | Mastrelli: Given its reputation as a powerful weapon, |
236 | 00:13:31,801 | 00:13:33,439 | It's a striking conclusion, | It's a striking conclusion, |
237 | 00:13:34,361 | 00:13:37,712 | But it's not the only one eric believes he can draw. | But it's not the only one eric believes he can draw. |
238 | 00:13:37,721 | 00:13:39,232 | While it's not possible for him | While it's not possible for him |
239 | 00:13:39,241 | 00:13:41,599 | To carbon date the age of an iron spearhead, | To carbon date the age of an iron spearhead, |
240 | 00:13:42,754 | 00:13:46,039 | It is possible to compare iron-working techniques | It is possible to compare iron-working techniques |
241 | 00:13:46,114 | 00:13:48,192 | As they've evolved over time. | As they've evolved over time. |
242 | 00:13:48,201 | 00:13:51,152 | And, if he can compare the spear with weapons | And, if he can compare the spear with weapons |
243 | 00:13:51,161 | 00:13:53,392 | Whose age he knows for certain, | Whose age he knows for certain, |
244 | 00:13:53,401 | 00:13:57,472 | He may be able to identify the era in which it was made. | He may be able to identify the era in which it was made. |
245 | 00:13:57,481 | 00:14:00,919 | Szameit: We have a type of early roman period spear, | Szameit: We have a type of early roman period spear, |
246 | 00:14:02,994 | 00:14:05,152 | Then we have part of a sword | Then we have part of a sword |
247 | 00:14:05,161 | 00:14:07,639 | From the ninth to 10th century. | From the ninth to 10th century. |
248 | 00:14:08,834 | 00:14:10,592 | Mastrelli: Szameit brings all these items | Mastrelli: Szameit brings all these items |
249 | 00:14:10,601 | 00:14:13,632 | To metallurgist manfred schreiner. | To metallurgist manfred schreiner. |
250 | 00:14:13,641 | 00:14:15,472 | Schreiner: This is an object full of emotion | Schreiner: This is an object full of emotion |
251 | 00:14:15,481 | 00:14:17,559 | As the object itself | As the object itself |
252 | 00:14:17,634 | 00:14:21,919 | Has such a history and is full of myth | Has such a history and is full of myth |
253 | 00:14:23,161 | 00:14:26,272 | But when you do the analysis, it's a material | But when you do the analysis, it's a material |
254 | 00:14:26,281 | 00:14:28,272 | As all kinds of materials are | As all kinds of materials are |
255 | 00:14:28,281 | 00:14:31,719 | And it is very, very important to clarify the history | And it is very, very important to clarify the history |
256 | 00:14:31,794 | 00:14:35,159 | And to clarify the authenticity of the object. | And to clarify the authenticity of the object. |
257 | 00:14:36,274 | 00:14:37,552 | Mastrelli: Until recently, | Mastrelli: Until recently, |
258 | 00:14:37,561 | 00:14:39,639 | Determining an object's chemical make up | Determining an object's chemical make up |
259 | 00:14:39,714 | 00:14:42,799 | Would have involved taking samples and causing damage. | Would have involved taking samples and causing damage. |
260 | 00:14:45,321 | 00:14:47,639 | Schreiner: It was a kind of challenge for me | Schreiner: It was a kind of challenge for me |
261 | 00:14:47,714 | 00:14:51,079 | To carry out non-destructive investigations | To carry out non-destructive investigations |
262 | 00:14:51,154 | 00:14:52,759 | And identify the material | And identify the material |
263 | 00:14:52,834 | 00:14:55,239 | Which is used for this important object. | Which is used for this important object. |
264 | 00:14:58,754 | 00:15:00,672 | So, what we are analyzing | So, what we are analyzing |
265 | 00:15:00,681 | 00:15:03,799 | Is mainly the surface of the material | Is mainly the surface of the material |
266 | 00:15:03,874 | 00:15:07,759 | Without taking any sample and without changing the object. | Without taking any sample and without changing the object. |
267 | 00:15:09,161 | 00:15:10,919 | Mastrelli: The method schreiner uses today | Mastrelli: The method schreiner uses today |
268 | 00:15:10,994 | 00:15:13,319 | Is called x-ray fluorescence. | Is called x-ray fluorescence. |
269 | 00:15:13,394 | 00:15:16,439 | It sends out a tightly focused beam of x-rays, | It sends out a tightly focused beam of x-rays, |
270 | 00:15:16,514 | 00:15:19,839 | And what bounces back is the metal's chemical signature. | And what bounces back is the metal's chemical signature. |
271 | 00:15:21,474 | 00:15:23,152 | Schreiner: We have here the result | Schreiner: We have here the result |
272 | 00:15:23,161 | 00:15:26,279 | Of the x-ray fluorescence analysis | Of the x-ray fluorescence analysis |
273 | 00:15:26,354 | 00:15:30,679 | Obtained on the object of the first century bc. | Obtained on the object of the first century bc. |
274 | 00:15:30,754 | 00:15:34,119 | And what we clearly can see is that iron of course | And what we clearly can see is that iron of course |
275 | 00:15:34,194 | 00:15:35,952 | Is the main element present | Is the main element present |
276 | 00:15:35,961 | 00:15:40,359 | But there is also a high variety of additional elements | But there is also a high variety of additional elements |
277 | 00:15:40,434 | 00:15:44,679 | Such as zinc, nickel, even lead. | Such as zinc, nickel, even lead. |
278 | 00:15:44,754 | 00:15:46,912 | Mastrelli: Next, schreiner focuses the x-ray | Mastrelli: Next, schreiner focuses the x-ray |
279 | 00:15:46,921 | 00:15:48,512 | On the 10th century sword. | On the 10th century sword. |
280 | 00:15:48,521 | 00:15:52,032 | It shows that its purer iron is made using a process | It shows that its purer iron is made using a process |
281 | 00:15:52,041 | 00:15:54,672 | That wasn't available in roman times. | That wasn't available in roman times. |
282 | 00:15:54,681 | 00:15:58,832 | Schreiner: And, of course, again iron is the main component | Schreiner: And, of course, again iron is the main component |
283 | 00:15:58,841 | 00:16:01,879 | But the amount of minor components | But the amount of minor components |
284 | 00:16:01,954 | 00:16:05,872 | And trace elements is much, much smaller. | And trace elements is much, much smaller. |
285 | 00:16:05,881 | 00:16:08,759 | Mastrelli: Finally, manfred compares these results | Mastrelli: Finally, manfred compares these results |
286 | 00:16:08,834 | 00:16:11,632 | To what he finds on the holy lance. | To what he finds on the holy lance. |
287 | 00:16:11,641 | 00:16:15,759 | And for him, the results are conclusive. | And for him, the results are conclusive. |
288 | 00:16:16,834 | 00:16:18,119 | Schreiner: The holy lance | Schreiner: The holy lance |
289 | 00:16:18,194 | 00:16:20,039 | Completely differs from the material | Completely differs from the material |
290 | 00:16:20,114 | 00:16:22,759 | Which was used for roman lances. | Which was used for roman lances. |
291 | 00:16:22,834 | 00:16:25,879 | It's rather typical and characteristic for lances | It's rather typical and characteristic for lances |
292 | 00:16:25,954 | 00:16:29,239 | Which were produced seven or even 800 years later. | Which were produced seven or even 800 years later. |
293 | 00:16:30,274 | 00:16:34,519 | We have to say that the holy lance is not a roman lance. | We have to say that the holy lance is not a roman lance. |
294 | 00:16:35,721 | 00:16:38,672 | Mastrelli: If a lance did pierce jesus' side, | Mastrelli: If a lance did pierce jesus' side, |
295 | 00:16:38,681 | 00:16:40,119 | It wasn't this one. | It wasn't this one. |
296 | 00:16:41,481 | 00:16:43,232 | Kirchweger: Today we can be absolutely sure | Kirchweger: Today we can be absolutely sure |
297 | 00:16:43,241 | 00:16:47,392 | That this spear is nothing to do with the time | That this spear is nothing to do with the time |
298 | 00:16:47,401 | 00:16:51,639 | And age of christ and the roman period. | And age of christ and the roman period. |
299 | 00:16:53,801 | 00:16:55,792 | Mastrelli: But what about the crucifixion nails | Mastrelli: But what about the crucifixion nails |
300 | 00:16:55,801 | 00:16:57,519 | The spear is said to hold? | The spear is said to hold? |
301 | 00:16:59,161 | 00:17:01,719 | Could they be the relic's real treasure? | Could they be the relic's real treasure? |
302 | 00:17:07,241 | 00:17:09,632 | Metallurgist robert feather has devoted years | Metallurgist robert feather has devoted years |
303 | 00:17:09,641 | 00:17:12,519 | To studying claims that the spear of destiny | To studying claims that the spear of destiny |
304 | 00:17:12,594 | 00:17:14,599 | Holds nails from the crucifixion. | Holds nails from the crucifixion. |
305 | 00:17:15,554 | 00:17:20,439 | What most intrigues him is this row of tiny brass crosses | What most intrigues him is this row of tiny brass crosses |
306 | 00:17:20,514 | 00:17:23,152 | Somehow pressed into the pin. | Somehow pressed into the pin. |
307 | 00:17:23,161 | 00:17:28,159 | Buhler: In the iron itself there are inlaid brass wires, | Buhler: In the iron itself there are inlaid brass wires, |
308 | 00:17:29,721 | 00:17:32,039 | And this is a decoration technique | And this is a decoration technique |
309 | 00:17:32,114 | 00:17:35,639 | Very typical for the early middle ages. | Very typical for the early middle ages. |
310 | 00:17:35,714 | 00:17:38,439 | And they are crosses, which are of course | And they are crosses, which are of course |
311 | 00:17:38,514 | 00:17:42,919 | Related to the sacred character of the object. | Related to the sacred character of the object. |
312 | 00:17:42,994 | 00:17:45,559 | Feather: The question arises | Feather: The question arises |
313 | 00:17:45,634 | 00:17:48,599 | What were the gold crosses doing on the spear? | What were the gold crosses doing on the spear? |
314 | 00:17:48,674 | 00:17:51,399 | And my deduction was that they were placed there | And my deduction was that they were placed there |
315 | 00:17:51,474 | 00:17:56,439 | At time that the spear was modified and the pin, | At time that the spear was modified and the pin, |
316 | 00:17:56,514 | 00:17:58,599 | The central pin put in place. | The central pin put in place. |
317 | 00:18:00,674 | 00:18:02,039 | Buhler: The technique is basically | Buhler: The technique is basically |
318 | 00:18:02,114 | 00:18:04,192 | You cut a groove in the object | You cut a groove in the object |
319 | 00:18:04,201 | 00:18:07,399 | And then you inlay the wire, you fix it by hammering. | And then you inlay the wire, you fix it by hammering. |
320 | 00:18:07,474 | 00:18:09,319 | There could be something below it, | There could be something below it, |
321 | 00:18:09,394 | 00:18:12,599 | There could be some sacred material, | There could be some sacred material, |
322 | 00:18:12,674 | 00:18:15,552 | Some tiny fragment of a sacred material | Some tiny fragment of a sacred material |
323 | 00:18:15,561 | 00:18:16,999 | That you want to preserve, | That you want to preserve, |
324 | 00:18:17,074 | 00:18:19,792 | And you mark this spot with a cross, | And you mark this spot with a cross, |
325 | 00:18:19,801 | 00:18:22,919 | And you have it under the brass wire. | And you have it under the brass wire. |
326 | 00:18:24,761 | 00:18:26,192 | Mastrelli: And this is exactly what feather | Mastrelli: And this is exactly what feather |
327 | 00:18:26,201 | 00:18:28,999 | Believes he sees just visible, | Believes he sees just visible, |
328 | 00:18:29,074 | 00:18:32,032 | Sticking out from beneath the inlaid crosses | Sticking out from beneath the inlaid crosses |
329 | 00:18:32,041 | 00:18:34,519 | A sliver of a different metal. | A sliver of a different metal. |
330 | 00:18:36,914 | 00:18:38,752 | Feather: I was able to look at the spear | Feather: I was able to look at the spear |
331 | 00:18:38,761 | 00:18:41,472 | Under high-powered magnification. | Under high-powered magnification. |
332 | 00:18:41,481 | 00:18:42,839 | I could see distinctly | I could see distinctly |
333 | 00:18:42,914 | 00:18:47,312 | That there were separate lumps on the pin. | That there were separate lumps on the pin. |
334 | 00:18:47,321 | 00:18:50,112 | You could see the join, | You could see the join, |
335 | 00:18:50,121 | 00:18:52,912 | The lapping of those lumps on the pin. | The lapping of those lumps on the pin. |
336 | 00:18:52,921 | 00:18:55,712 | They had an iron composition | They had an iron composition |
337 | 00:18:55,721 | 00:19:00,039 | Which was different from the rest of the pin itself. | Which was different from the rest of the pin itself. |
338 | 00:19:02,994 | 00:19:05,359 | Mastrelli: Some might argue this is weak evidence. | Mastrelli: Some might argue this is weak evidence. |
339 | 00:19:06,281 | 00:19:08,672 | Why accept a small shard of unknown metal | Why accept a small shard of unknown metal |
340 | 00:19:08,681 | 00:19:10,999 | As the support for the relic's authenticity? | As the support for the relic's authenticity? |
341 | 00:19:12,514 | 00:19:14,912 | Then again, a 10th century manuscript | Then again, a 10th century manuscript |
342 | 00:19:14,921 | 00:19:16,559 | Offers astounding support. | Offers astounding support. |
343 | 00:19:17,474 | 00:19:19,632 | Bond: "it has crosses made from the nails | Bond: "it has crosses made from the nails |
344 | 00:19:19,641 | 00:19:22,759 | "driven through the hands and feet of our lord | "driven through the hands and feet of our lord |
345 | 00:19:22,834 | 00:19:24,999 | "and redeemer jesus christ. | "and redeemer jesus christ. |
346 | 00:19:25,074 | 00:19:29,159 | "they claim this lance belonged to constantine the great, | "they claim this lance belonged to constantine the great, |
347 | 00:19:29,234 | 00:19:31,952 | "son of saint helena, | "son of saint helena, |
348 | 00:19:31,961 | 00:19:35,952 | "the discoverer of the life-giving cross." | "the discoverer of the life-giving cross." |
349 | 00:19:35,961 | 00:19:38,599 | Mastrelli: The same helena who, tradition says, | Mastrelli: The same helena who, tradition says, |
350 | 00:19:38,674 | 00:19:40,112 | Went to jerusalem | Went to jerusalem |
351 | 00:19:40,121 | 00:19:42,159 | And tracked down relics from the crucifixion. | And tracked down relics from the crucifixion. |
352 | 00:19:43,794 | 00:19:46,112 | Feather: Someone went to an awful lot of trouble | Feather: Someone went to an awful lot of trouble |
353 | 00:19:46,121 | 00:19:49,879 | To place these pieces of separate metal, | To place these pieces of separate metal, |
354 | 00:19:49,954 | 00:19:53,792 | Marking them with the gold-looking cross, | Marking them with the gold-looking cross, |
355 | 00:19:53,801 | 00:19:56,032 | And revering the spear. | And revering the spear. |
356 | 00:19:56,041 | 00:19:58,272 | But now it's got something additional, | But now it's got something additional, |
357 | 00:19:58,281 | 00:20:01,479 | It's got pieces that connect right back to jesus. | It's got pieces that connect right back to jesus. |
358 | 00:20:03,641 | 00:20:07,719 | Kirchweger: This golden crosses that are set on the pin, | Kirchweger: This golden crosses that are set on the pin, |
359 | 00:20:07,794 | 00:20:09,959 | That was probably the starting point | That was probably the starting point |
360 | 00:20:10,034 | 00:20:12,672 | For this belief in the holy lance | For this belief in the holy lance |
361 | 00:20:12,681 | 00:20:17,679 | As being something transporting relics of christ. | As being something transporting relics of christ. |
362 | 00:20:20,354 | 00:20:23,392 | Mastrelli: Whatever lies beneath those tiny crosses, | Mastrelli: Whatever lies beneath those tiny crosses, |
363 | 00:20:23,401 | 00:20:26,512 | Dr. Kirchweger's team cannot reach it. | Dr. Kirchweger's team cannot reach it. |
364 | 00:20:26,521 | 00:20:28,919 | Not without destroying the lance. | Not without destroying the lance. |
365 | 00:20:28,994 | 00:20:32,032 | Indeed, this may be the very part of the puzzle | Indeed, this may be the very part of the puzzle |
366 | 00:20:32,041 | 00:20:34,559 | That's destined to remain unsolved. | That's destined to remain unsolved. |
367 | 00:20:41,961 | 00:20:46,119 | Put together, the spear's many layers form a record | Put together, the spear's many layers form a record |
368 | 00:20:46,194 | 00:20:50,719 | Of extraordinary faith, superstition, and ambition. | Of extraordinary faith, superstition, and ambition. |
369 | 00:20:52,121 | 00:20:56,599 | Above all, the spear represents a legend so powerful | Above all, the spear represents a legend so powerful |
370 | 00:20:56,674 | 00:20:59,392 | That even after many hundreds of years, | That even after many hundreds of years, |
371 | 00:20:59,401 | 00:21:03,079 | The stories that surround it continue to grow. | The stories that surround it continue to grow. |
372 | 00:21:04,681 | 00:21:05,712 | Kirchweger: It's kind of fascinating | Kirchweger: It's kind of fascinating |
373 | 00:21:05,721 | 00:21:07,632 | That this historic artifact | That this historic artifact |
374 | 00:21:07,641 | 00:21:12,639 | Still is able to create legends in 20th and 21st century. | Still is able to create legends in 20th and 21st century. |
375 | 00:21:15,874 | 00:21:20,112 | Bond: All of this huge amount of speculation and thought | Bond: All of this huge amount of speculation and thought |
376 | 00:21:20,121 | 00:21:23,079 | And adoration has been put onto the lance. | And adoration has been put onto the lance. |
377 | 00:21:24,681 | 00:21:26,272 | And the amazing part about it | And the amazing part about it |
378 | 00:21:26,281 | 00:21:28,919 | Is that it survived those centuries | Is that it survived those centuries |
379 | 00:21:30,761 | 00:21:35,759 | And it was always venerated by every ruler. | And it was always venerated by every ruler. |
380 | 00:21:40,754 | 00:21:42,519 | Rosario: Locked inside the spear of destiny | Rosario: Locked inside the spear of destiny |
381 | 00:21:42,594 | 00:21:44,512 | Is at least a millennium of history. | Is at least a millennium of history. |
382 | 00:21:44,521 | 00:21:48,112 | Regardless of its origins, it is a remarkable object. | Regardless of its origins, it is a remarkable object. |
383 | 00:21:48,121 | 00:21:51,399 | And while we cannot prove its ultimate authenticity, | And while we cannot prove its ultimate authenticity, |
384 | 00:21:51,474 | 00:21:54,279 | The fact that this spear possesses a kind of power | The fact that this spear possesses a kind of power |
385 | 00:21:54,354 | 00:21:58,279 | Is as undeniable today as it was true 1,000 years ago. | Is as undeniable today as it was true 1,000 years ago. |