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# | Start | End | Original | Translated |
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1 | 00:00:01,474 | 00:00:04,832 | Mastrelli: Jonah, the prophet swallowed by a whale, | Mastrelli: Jonah, the prophet swallowed by a whale, |
2 | 00:00:04,841 | 00:00:06,799 | Who then confronts a wicked king. | Who then confronts a wicked king. |
3 | 00:00:08,681 | 00:00:10,512 | His story is so bizarre | His story is so bizarre |
4 | 00:00:10,521 | 00:00:12,519 | It seems it could never have happened. | It seems it could never have happened. |
5 | 00:00:15,161 | 00:00:18,432 | But now, from the ruins of war, | But now, from the ruins of war, |
6 | 00:00:18,441 | 00:00:23,399 | In a labyrinth of tunnels, come shocking new discoveries | In a labyrinth of tunnels, come shocking new discoveries |
7 | 00:00:23,474 | 00:00:27,312 | That take scholars back to this old testament story | That take scholars back to this old testament story |
8 | 00:00:27,321 | 00:00:30,352 | And plunges them deep into an ancient world | And plunges them deep into an ancient world |
9 | 00:00:30,361 | 00:00:33,079 | Of violence and sex. | Of violence and sex. |
10 | 00:00:34,034 | 00:00:37,152 | These extraordinary discoveries could finally reveal | These extraordinary discoveries could finally reveal |
11 | 00:00:37,161 | 00:00:40,199 | The truth behind one of the bible's greatest | The truth behind one of the bible's greatest |
12 | 00:00:40,274 | 00:00:41,919 | And strangest stories, | And strangest stories, |
13 | 00:00:43,794 | 00:00:46,239 | The tale of jonah and the whale. | The tale of jonah and the whale. |
14 | 00:00:49,554 | 00:00:53,472 | For centuries, the mysteries of the past | For centuries, the mysteries of the past |
15 | 00:00:53,481 | 00:00:56,512 | Have kept their secrets. | Have kept their secrets. |
16 | 00:00:56,521 | 00:01:01,519 | But there are clues, cast in gold, etched in stone, | But there are clues, cast in gold, etched in stone, |
17 | 00:01:03,001 | 00:01:04,399 | Written in blood. | Written in blood. |
18 | 00:01:08,041 | 00:01:09,839 | We can unlock them. | We can unlock them. |
19 | 00:01:10,841 | 00:01:13,599 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
20 | 00:01:26,761 | 00:01:27,799 | Mesopotamia. | Mesopotamia. |
21 | 00:01:28,921 | 00:01:31,232 | The cradle of civilization | The cradle of civilization |
22 | 00:01:31,241 | 00:01:34,352 | And the setting for at least a dozen biblical stories, | And the setting for at least a dozen biblical stories, |
23 | 00:01:34,361 | 00:01:37,679 | Including one of the most famous and strangest tales of all, | Including one of the most famous and strangest tales of all, |
24 | 00:01:38,594 | 00:01:41,312 | The story of jonah and the whale, | The story of jonah and the whale, |
25 | 00:01:41,321 | 00:01:43,719 | Where a prophet endures incredible hardship | Where a prophet endures incredible hardship |
26 | 00:01:43,794 | 00:01:47,079 | To warn an ancient city to change its wicked ways. | To warn an ancient city to change its wicked ways. |
27 | 00:01:47,154 | 00:01:48,999 | That ancient city was nineveh. | That ancient city was nineveh. |
28 | 00:01:49,074 | 00:01:51,279 | Now it's mosul, in northern iraq. | Now it's mosul, in northern iraq. |
29 | 00:01:53,314 | 00:01:56,159 | It's here, many believe, that jonah was buried. | It's here, many believe, that jonah was buried. |
30 | 00:01:58,754 | 00:02:01,959 | For at least 1,000 years, pilgrims from three | For at least 1,000 years, pilgrims from three |
31 | 00:02:02,034 | 00:02:05,639 | Of the world's major religions have traveled to mosul | Of the world's major religions have traveled to mosul |
32 | 00:02:05,714 | 00:02:08,752 | To visit jonah's tomb and shrine. | To visit jonah's tomb and shrine. |
33 | 00:02:08,761 | 00:02:10,959 | It's known as nebi yunus. | It's known as nebi yunus. |
34 | 00:02:11,961 | 00:02:15,319 | Schiffman: Now the prophet jonah is in the hebrew scriptures | Schiffman: Now the prophet jonah is in the hebrew scriptures |
35 | 00:02:15,394 | 00:02:17,232 | Known as the old testament, | Known as the old testament, |
36 | 00:02:17,241 | 00:02:18,839 | It is mentioned in the new testament, | It is mentioned in the new testament, |
37 | 00:02:18,914 | 00:02:22,032 | And is mentioned in the koran as well under the name yunus. | And is mentioned in the koran as well under the name yunus. |
38 | 00:02:22,041 | 00:02:24,599 | And therefore it seems that for jews, christians, | And therefore it seems that for jews, christians, |
39 | 00:02:24,674 | 00:02:26,799 | And muslims, this was a holy site. | And muslims, this was a holy site. |
40 | 00:02:32,674 | 00:02:35,792 | Mastrelli: In the bible, god commands jonah | Mastrelli: In the bible, god commands jonah |
41 | 00:02:35,801 | 00:02:37,559 | To travel to the city of nineveh | To travel to the city of nineveh |
42 | 00:02:41,481 | 00:02:43,952 | To warn its citizens that they will be punished | To warn its citizens that they will be punished |
43 | 00:02:43,961 | 00:02:45,559 | For their sinful ways. | For their sinful ways. |
44 | 00:02:47,801 | 00:02:49,239 | Schiffman: This prophet was commanded | Schiffman: This prophet was commanded |
45 | 00:02:49,314 | 00:02:51,159 | By god to go to nineveh | By god to go to nineveh |
46 | 00:02:51,234 | 00:02:53,119 | But he decided he wasn't going. | But he decided he wasn't going. |
47 | 00:02:56,434 | 00:02:59,072 | Mastrelli: Jonah ignores god's command. | Mastrelli: Jonah ignores god's command. |
48 | 00:02:59,081 | 00:03:01,479 | He sets sail in the opposite direction. | He sets sail in the opposite direction. |
49 | 00:03:03,561 | 00:03:05,159 | Schiffman: He goes on a ship | Schiffman: He goes on a ship |
50 | 00:03:05,234 | 00:03:08,512 | In order to avoid the role that god has given him, | In order to avoid the role that god has given him, |
51 | 00:03:08,521 | 00:03:11,119 | And what happens is that there's a tremendous storm. | And what happens is that there's a tremendous storm. |
52 | 00:03:14,361 | 00:03:16,559 | Mastrelli: Jonah is thrown overboard. | Mastrelli: Jonah is thrown overboard. |
53 | 00:03:22,994 | 00:03:25,072 | For three days and nights, | For three days and nights, |
54 | 00:03:25,081 | 00:03:27,399 | He languishes inside a great fish | He languishes inside a great fish |
55 | 00:03:30,041 | 00:03:33,239 | Until he repents and is spat out on the shore. | Until he repents and is spat out on the shore. |
56 | 00:03:42,281 | 00:03:44,352 | Finally, jonah goes to nineveh | Finally, jonah goes to nineveh |
57 | 00:03:44,361 | 00:03:47,399 | And delivers his warning to the king and his citizens. | And delivers his warning to the king and his citizens. |
58 | 00:03:53,634 | 00:03:55,872 | Schiffman: He gives his prophecy including to the king | Schiffman: He gives his prophecy including to the king |
59 | 00:03:55,881 | 00:03:59,839 | And all the people and they all repent. | And all the people and they all repent. |
60 | 00:04:00,921 | 00:04:03,152 | Mastrelli: It's one of the old testament's most famous | Mastrelli: It's one of the old testament's most famous |
61 | 00:04:03,161 | 00:04:04,879 | And most puzzling stories. | And most puzzling stories. |
62 | 00:04:13,394 | 00:04:16,672 | Now archeologists have a chance to investigate the place | Now archeologists have a chance to investigate the place |
63 | 00:04:16,681 | 00:04:18,719 | Where many believe jonah was buried | Where many believe jonah was buried |
64 | 00:04:20,841 | 00:04:23,999 | And where he may have warned the sinful king of nineveh. | And where he may have warned the sinful king of nineveh. |
65 | 00:04:28,441 | 00:04:30,119 | It's an opportunity borne out | It's an opportunity borne out |
66 | 00:04:30,194 | 00:04:32,679 | Of the horror and destruction of war. | Of the horror and destruction of war. |
67 | 00:04:37,794 | 00:04:42,079 | In June 2014, isis occupied mosul. | In June 2014, isis occupied mosul. |
68 | 00:04:44,114 | 00:04:47,079 | One month later, on July 24th, | One month later, on July 24th, |
69 | 00:04:48,041 | 00:04:50,079 | They obliterated jonah's shrine. | They obliterated jonah's shrine. |
70 | 00:04:58,434 | 00:05:01,599 | And archeologists' worst fears were realized. | And archeologists' worst fears were realized. |
71 | 00:05:02,834 | 00:05:05,799 | Machinist: Years to build but one minute to destroy. | Machinist: Years to build but one minute to destroy. |
72 | 00:05:07,554 | 00:05:08,839 | Dalley: It was terrible of course, | Dalley: It was terrible of course, |
73 | 00:05:08,914 | 00:05:12,239 | Terrible for people, terrible for antiquities. | Terrible for people, terrible for antiquities. |
74 | 00:05:14,674 | 00:05:15,439 | Ugh. | Ugh. |
75 | 00:05:17,794 | 00:05:20,839 | Hanson: This was to demonstrate their power over the landscape | Hanson: This was to demonstrate their power over the landscape |
76 | 00:05:21,874 | 00:05:24,599 | And also their effort to rewrite history. | And also their effort to rewrite history. |
77 | 00:05:24,674 | 00:05:26,752 | Mastrelli: Using satellite imagery, | Mastrelli: Using satellite imagery, |
78 | 00:05:26,761 | 00:05:29,712 | Archeologist kathryn hanson recorded | Archeologist kathryn hanson recorded |
79 | 00:05:29,721 | 00:05:32,432 | And analyzed the destruction. | And analyzed the destruction. |
80 | 00:05:32,441 | 00:05:35,232 | Hanson: So, we're starting with the 19th of July | Hanson: So, we're starting with the 19th of July |
81 | 00:05:35,241 | 00:05:37,712 | And you can see the shrine looks like it always has, | And you can see the shrine looks like it always has, |
82 | 00:05:37,721 | 00:05:38,679 | It's still there. | It's still there. |
83 | 00:05:39,634 | 00:05:42,592 | But by the 30th of July, | But by the 30th of July, |
84 | 00:05:42,601 | 00:05:44,279 | You can see it's very clearly reduced | You can see it's very clearly reduced |
85 | 00:05:44,354 | 00:05:46,479 | To a pile of gray rubble. | To a pile of gray rubble. |
86 | 00:05:49,081 | 00:05:51,792 | Mastrelli: Iraqi archeologist ali al-juboori | Mastrelli: Iraqi archeologist ali al-juboori |
87 | 00:05:51,801 | 00:05:54,599 | Of mosul university was one of the first | Of mosul university was one of the first |
88 | 00:05:54,674 | 00:05:57,799 | To visit the site after its destruction. | To visit the site after its destruction. |
89 | 00:06:04,281 | 00:06:08,512 | Juboori: It was July 24th when they blown up the mosque. | Juboori: It was July 24th when they blown up the mosque. |
90 | 00:06:08,521 | 00:06:10,439 | I went the next day. | I went the next day. |
91 | 00:06:10,514 | 00:06:12,439 | I couldn't see anything, only ruins. | I couldn't see anything, only ruins. |
92 | 00:06:15,234 | 00:06:18,759 | Every stone of the culture is very important, | Every stone of the culture is very important, |
93 | 00:06:19,714 | 00:06:21,959 | It's part of our cultural heritage. | It's part of our cultural heritage. |
94 | 00:06:22,034 | 00:06:26,759 | So, this destruction, it has nothing to do with religion. | So, this destruction, it has nothing to do with religion. |
95 | 00:06:27,634 | 00:06:32,159 | It's beyond my ability just to describe what's going on. | It's beyond my ability just to describe what's going on. |
96 | 00:06:34,914 | 00:06:36,919 | Mastrelli: But in a twist of fate, | Mastrelli: But in a twist of fate, |
97 | 00:06:36,994 | 00:06:40,319 | The obliteration of nebi yunis wasn't the end of the story. | The obliteration of nebi yunis wasn't the end of the story. |
98 | 00:06:44,434 | 00:06:46,439 | It was the beginning of a whole new chapter | It was the beginning of a whole new chapter |
99 | 00:06:46,514 | 00:06:48,832 | That could finally reveal the true story | That could finally reveal the true story |
100 | 00:06:48,841 | 00:06:51,799 | Behind the biblical tale of jonah and the whale. | Behind the biblical tale of jonah and the whale. |
101 | 00:06:55,554 | 00:06:59,239 | Dalley: It is rather ironic that you see isil trying apparently | Dalley: It is rather ironic that you see isil trying apparently |
102 | 00:06:59,314 | 00:07:01,879 | To destroy the ancient culture, | To destroy the ancient culture, |
103 | 00:07:01,954 | 00:07:04,999 | But in fact they have revealed a bit more | But in fact they have revealed a bit more |
104 | 00:07:05,074 | 00:07:06,959 | Of what really interests us. | Of what really interests us. |
105 | 00:07:09,721 | 00:07:12,439 | Mastrelli: 2 1/2 years after the shrine's destruction, | Mastrelli: 2 1/2 years after the shrine's destruction, |
106 | 00:07:13,721 | 00:07:16,119 | Isis is forced out of mosul, | Isis is forced out of mosul, |
107 | 00:07:17,634 | 00:07:19,072 | Leaving archeologists free | Leaving archeologists free |
108 | 00:07:19,081 | 00:07:21,119 | To examine the ruins more closely. | To examine the ruins more closely. |
109 | 00:07:23,641 | 00:07:25,632 | Beneath what was once jonah's shrine, | Beneath what was once jonah's shrine, |
110 | 00:07:25,641 | 00:07:27,719 | They make an astonishing discovery, | They make an astonishing discovery, |
111 | 00:07:30,201 | 00:07:32,839 | A labyrinth of tunnels leading | A labyrinth of tunnels leading |
112 | 00:07:32,914 | 00:07:35,712 | To a strange subterranean landscape. | To a strange subterranean landscape. |
113 | 00:07:35,721 | 00:07:38,192 | Juboori: After the liberation of east of mosul, | Juboori: After the liberation of east of mosul, |
114 | 00:07:38,201 | 00:07:42,079 | The army and some of the archeologists went up there | The army and some of the archeologists went up there |
115 | 00:07:42,121 | 00:07:44,719 | And they found they had dug four tunnels. | And they found they had dug four tunnels. |
116 | 00:07:46,674 | 00:07:48,759 | Each tunnel, when you get inside, | Each tunnel, when you get inside, |
117 | 00:07:48,834 | 00:07:51,039 | It will be divided into many tunnels. | It will be divided into many tunnels. |
118 | 00:07:53,154 | 00:07:55,712 | Mastrelli: Isis dug these tunnels deep into the mound | Mastrelli: Isis dug these tunnels deep into the mound |
119 | 00:07:55,721 | 00:07:57,519 | In search of buried treasure. | In search of buried treasure. |
120 | 00:07:59,874 | 00:08:01,639 | Juboori: The looters were looking for the things | Juboori: The looters were looking for the things |
121 | 00:08:01,714 | 00:08:03,359 | Which were easy to be carried. | Which were easy to be carried. |
122 | 00:08:04,361 | 00:08:07,639 | The things which they cannot carry, they left it behind. | The things which they cannot carry, they left it behind. |
123 | 00:08:08,761 | 00:08:10,592 | Mastrelli: And it's what they left behind | Mastrelli: And it's what they left behind |
124 | 00:08:10,601 | 00:08:13,519 | That has stunned the world of archeology. | That has stunned the world of archeology. |
125 | 00:08:16,201 | 00:08:19,159 | When isis blew up the tomb of jonah in 2014, | When isis blew up the tomb of jonah in 2014, |
126 | 00:08:19,234 | 00:08:21,159 | It was not an isolated event. | It was not an isolated event. |
127 | 00:08:21,234 | 00:08:23,079 | It was just the beginning. | It was just the beginning. |
128 | 00:08:23,154 | 00:08:26,039 | They waged a war not only against non-believers | They waged a war not only against non-believers |
129 | 00:08:26,114 | 00:08:31,079 | But also against 6,000 years of culture in iraq and syria. | But also against 6,000 years of culture in iraq and syria. |
130 | 00:08:31,321 | 00:08:33,479 | Today, the tomb they sought to destroy, | Today, the tomb they sought to destroy, |
131 | 00:08:33,554 | 00:08:36,119 | Thanks to its newly-revealed lower chambers, | Thanks to its newly-revealed lower chambers, |
132 | 00:08:36,194 | 00:08:39,319 | Is now a testament to the enduring power of history | Is now a testament to the enduring power of history |
133 | 00:08:39,394 | 00:08:41,319 | In this ravaged corner of the world. | In this ravaged corner of the world. |
134 | 00:08:44,114 | 00:08:46,752 | Dalley: I've never seen anything like these characters | Dalley: I've never seen anything like these characters |
135 | 00:08:46,761 | 00:08:49,479 | That are in the tunnels on the sculptures, | That are in the tunnels on the sculptures, |
136 | 00:08:49,554 | 00:08:53,079 | And as far as I know there is no parallel for it. | And as far as I know there is no parallel for it. |
137 | 00:08:54,354 | 00:08:56,592 | Mastrelli: As archeologists examine the carvings | Mastrelli: As archeologists examine the carvings |
138 | 00:08:56,601 | 00:08:59,719 | And inscriptions, it's clear they were made | And inscriptions, it's clear they were made |
139 | 00:08:59,794 | 00:09:02,719 | By one of the ancient world's greatest empires, | By one of the ancient world's greatest empires, |
140 | 00:09:04,601 | 00:09:06,752 | A civilization that looms large | A civilization that looms large |
141 | 00:09:06,761 | 00:09:08,519 | In the old testament book of jonah, | In the old testament book of jonah, |
142 | 00:09:11,001 | 00:09:12,839 | The assyrians. | The assyrians. |
143 | 00:09:12,914 | 00:09:15,312 | Schiffman: No question that what happened in this place | Schiffman: No question that what happened in this place |
144 | 00:09:15,321 | 00:09:18,119 | And the archeology of this place is very important | And the archeology of this place is very important |
145 | 00:09:18,194 | 00:09:19,792 | For understanding the bible | For understanding the bible |
146 | 00:09:19,801 | 00:09:20,912 | And by the way, | And by the way, |
147 | 00:09:20,921 | 00:09:23,639 | For understanding the story of jonah. | For understanding the story of jonah. |
148 | 00:09:23,714 | 00:09:27,719 | Hanson: These are structures that come from a civilization | Hanson: These are structures that come from a civilization |
149 | 00:09:27,794 | 00:09:32,639 | That was an empire before there were empires. | That was an empire before there were empires. |
150 | 00:09:34,034 | 00:09:37,639 | Mastrelli: By 671 bc, the assyrian empire stretched | Mastrelli: By 671 bc, the assyrian empire stretched |
151 | 00:09:37,714 | 00:09:40,999 | From turkey in the north to egypt in the south. | From turkey in the north to egypt in the south. |
152 | 00:09:43,881 | 00:09:46,192 | Hanson: This was the first real empire | Hanson: This was the first real empire |
153 | 00:09:46,201 | 00:09:49,799 | That controlled the entirety of the middle east. | That controlled the entirety of the middle east. |
154 | 00:09:49,874 | 00:09:51,079 | If you think about it, | If you think about it, |
155 | 00:09:51,154 | 00:09:53,119 | It's basically rome before there was rome. | It's basically rome before there was rome. |
156 | 00:09:54,754 | 00:09:56,039 | Mastrelli: To their neighbors and rivals, | Mastrelli: To their neighbors and rivals, |
157 | 00:09:56,114 | 00:09:59,552 | The assyrians' riches and ruthless lust for power | The assyrians' riches and ruthless lust for power |
158 | 00:09:59,561 | 00:10:01,639 | Made them public enemy number one, | Made them public enemy number one, |
159 | 00:10:04,601 | 00:10:09,239 | A reputation the assyrians themselves seemed to relish. | A reputation the assyrians themselves seemed to relish. |
160 | 00:10:11,481 | 00:10:14,192 | Machinist: Certainly, in the assyrian royal inscriptions | Machinist: Certainly, in the assyrian royal inscriptions |
161 | 00:10:14,201 | 00:10:17,872 | There's a certain focus on what happens | There's a certain focus on what happens |
162 | 00:10:17,881 | 00:10:19,879 | To enemies who don't obey. | To enemies who don't obey. |
163 | 00:10:19,954 | 00:10:22,992 | They can be flayed, their skin pulled off of them. | They can be flayed, their skin pulled off of them. |
164 | 00:10:23,001 | 00:10:24,912 | There's this piling up of the heads | There's this piling up of the heads |
165 | 00:10:24,921 | 00:10:27,159 | Of the enemy in pyramids. | Of the enemy in pyramids. |
166 | 00:10:28,201 | 00:10:30,512 | Schiffman:The assyrians' own documents | Schiffman:The assyrians' own documents |
167 | 00:10:30,521 | 00:10:33,319 | Tell us they murdered people, | Tell us they murdered people, |
168 | 00:10:33,394 | 00:10:35,479 | They exiled populations. | They exiled populations. |
169 | 00:10:35,554 | 00:10:39,079 | The reality is that they provided their own bad press. | The reality is that they provided their own bad press. |
170 | 00:10:42,114 | 00:10:43,799 | Mastrelli: This image as the bad guys | Mastrelli: This image as the bad guys |
171 | 00:10:43,874 | 00:10:46,479 | Of the biblical world dominates the old testament | Of the biblical world dominates the old testament |
172 | 00:10:47,721 | 00:10:49,199 | And the book of jonah. | And the book of jonah. |
173 | 00:10:52,281 | 00:10:55,792 | Schiffman: This major, major empire is a major part | Schiffman: This major, major empire is a major part |
174 | 00:10:55,801 | 00:10:58,199 | Of our ancient history and our biblical history. | Of our ancient history and our biblical history. |
175 | 00:10:59,961 | 00:11:01,639 | Mastrelli: At the heart of this vast empire | Mastrelli: At the heart of this vast empire |
176 | 00:11:01,714 | 00:11:05,639 | Sat the largest city of its time, nineveh. | Sat the largest city of its time, nineveh. |
177 | 00:11:08,754 | 00:11:11,519 | It was once the capital of the assyrian world. | It was once the capital of the assyrian world. |
178 | 00:11:14,674 | 00:11:16,639 | It features heavily in the book of jonah | It features heavily in the book of jonah |
179 | 00:11:17,481 | 00:11:19,999 | And, to millions of believers around the world, | And, to millions of believers around the world, |
180 | 00:11:21,801 | 00:11:24,399 | It's the burial place of jonah himself. | It's the burial place of jonah himself. |
181 | 00:11:28,521 | 00:11:31,839 | If archeologists are going to discover jonah's true story, | If archeologists are going to discover jonah's true story, |
182 | 00:11:33,074 | 00:11:34,879 | Nineveh is where they'll find it. | Nineveh is where they'll find it. |
183 | 00:11:37,001 | 00:11:38,992 | A city ruled over by an immensely | A city ruled over by an immensely |
184 | 00:11:39,001 | 00:11:43,712 | Rich and powerful king. | Rich and powerful king. |
185 | 00:11:43,721 | 00:11:47,319 | Dalley: Nineveh was packed with palaces and temples | Dalley: Nineveh was packed with palaces and temples |
186 | 00:11:47,394 | 00:11:50,279 | And surrounded by walls and moats | And surrounded by walls and moats |
187 | 00:11:50,354 | 00:11:53,319 | And then bridges and gardens. | And then bridges and gardens. |
188 | 00:11:54,921 | 00:11:56,672 | Hanson: You'd come into a palace | Hanson: You'd come into a palace |
189 | 00:11:56,681 | 00:12:00,119 | That was massive reliefs of stone | That was massive reliefs of stone |
190 | 00:12:00,194 | 00:12:02,832 | With images carved on the sides of them | With images carved on the sides of them |
191 | 00:12:02,841 | 00:12:04,839 | And painted in bright colors. | And painted in bright colors. |
192 | 00:12:04,914 | 00:12:07,472 | And it was all designed | And it was all designed |
193 | 00:12:07,481 | 00:12:10,199 | To demonstrate how much power the king had. | To demonstrate how much power the king had. |
194 | 00:12:12,521 | 00:12:13,872 | Mastrelli: But what is the structure | Mastrelli: But what is the structure |
195 | 00:12:13,881 | 00:12:16,679 | That archeologists have discovered at nebi yunis? | That archeologists have discovered at nebi yunis? |
196 | 00:12:19,801 | 00:12:21,792 | Deep beneath jonah's shrine, | Deep beneath jonah's shrine, |
197 | 00:12:21,801 | 00:12:25,039 | They're uncovering a critical and monumental clue. | They're uncovering a critical and monumental clue. |
198 | 00:12:27,154 | 00:12:29,159 | Two immense statues. | Two immense statues. |
199 | 00:12:31,481 | 00:12:34,599 | They're the lower halves of colossal winged bulls, | They're the lower halves of colossal winged bulls, |
200 | 00:12:35,794 | 00:12:38,672 | So huge their upper bodies are still buried | So huge their upper bodies are still buried |
201 | 00:12:38,681 | 00:12:39,919 | In the earth above. | In the earth above. |
202 | 00:12:43,081 | 00:12:48,079 | Half-man, half-beast, these are lamassu. | Half-man, half-beast, these are lamassu. |
203 | 00:12:48,354 | 00:12:50,279 | Iconic assyrian divinities, | Iconic assyrian divinities, |
204 | 00:12:51,394 | 00:12:54,799 | They symbolize power and offer protection. | They symbolize power and offer protection. |
205 | 00:12:58,354 | 00:13:01,359 | It's a discovery of global importance. | It's a discovery of global importance. |
206 | 00:13:02,754 | 00:13:07,552 | Hanson: Seeing a lamassu in the wild is really different | Hanson: Seeing a lamassu in the wild is really different |
207 | 00:13:07,561 | 00:13:10,832 | Than seeing a plaster cast of it like we have here. | Than seeing a plaster cast of it like we have here. |
208 | 00:13:10,841 | 00:13:13,792 | You can better understand the assyrian experience | You can better understand the assyrian experience |
209 | 00:13:13,801 | 00:13:15,872 | With a lamassu if you're able to see it | With a lamassu if you're able to see it |
210 | 00:13:15,881 | 00:13:17,399 | In its original place. | In its original place. |
211 | 00:13:19,234 | 00:13:21,559 | Mastrelli: Only the most important of assyrian buildings | Mastrelli: Only the most important of assyrian buildings |
212 | 00:13:21,634 | 00:13:23,079 | Were guarded by lamassu, | Were guarded by lamassu, |
213 | 00:13:27,314 | 00:13:30,039 | So their discovery beneath nebi yunis reveals | So their discovery beneath nebi yunis reveals |
214 | 00:13:30,114 | 00:13:32,319 | This was once a great center of power. | This was once a great center of power. |
215 | 00:13:34,514 | 00:13:36,599 | Dalley: It's very interesting to find | Dalley: It's very interesting to find |
216 | 00:13:36,674 | 00:13:39,399 | That the tunnels have got winged bulls, | That the tunnels have got winged bulls, |
217 | 00:13:39,474 | 00:13:43,312 | Because this is the mark of a proper palace building | Because this is the mark of a proper palace building |
218 | 00:13:43,321 | 00:13:46,479 | And it wouldn't be found in just any old building. | And it wouldn't be found in just any old building. |
219 | 00:13:48,354 | 00:13:50,079 | Mastrelli: The presence of lamassu suggest | Mastrelli: The presence of lamassu suggest |
220 | 00:13:50,121 | 00:13:51,279 | There was a palace here | There was a palace here |
221 | 00:13:54,601 | 00:13:57,879 | And that it dates back at least 2 1/2 thousand years, | And that it dates back at least 2 1/2 thousand years, |
222 | 00:14:00,361 | 00:14:02,239 | To the time of the old testament, | To the time of the old testament, |
223 | 00:14:03,954 | 00:14:06,199 | When it's said jonah traveled to this city | When it's said jonah traveled to this city |
224 | 00:14:06,274 | 00:14:07,719 | And spoke to its king. | And spoke to its king. |
225 | 00:14:11,794 | 00:14:14,999 | Voice of god: Jonah began to enter into the city | Voice of god: Jonah began to enter into the city |
226 | 00:14:15,074 | 00:14:20,039 | And cried "yet 40 days and nineveh shall be overthrown." | And cried "yet 40 days and nineveh shall be overthrown." |
227 | 00:14:21,721 | 00:14:24,279 | Mastrelli: There was a palace here in biblical times. | Mastrelli: There was a palace here in biblical times. |
228 | 00:14:26,601 | 00:14:30,399 | So was this also the palace that some believe jonah visited | So was this also the palace that some believe jonah visited |
229 | 00:14:31,961 | 00:14:35,679 | To warn its wicked king to repent, or die? | To warn its wicked king to repent, or die? |
230 | 00:14:43,481 | 00:14:46,512 | In mosul, iraq, beneath the ruined tomb | In mosul, iraq, beneath the ruined tomb |
231 | 00:14:46,521 | 00:14:48,279 | Of the old testament prophet jonah, | Of the old testament prophet jonah, |
232 | 00:14:50,034 | 00:14:51,879 | Archeologists have discovered the remains | Archeologists have discovered the remains |
233 | 00:14:51,954 | 00:14:54,159 | Of an ancient assyrian palace. | Of an ancient assyrian palace. |
234 | 00:14:57,961 | 00:15:00,752 | Ali al-jubouri of the university of mosul | Ali al-jubouri of the university of mosul |
235 | 00:15:00,761 | 00:15:03,439 | Has translated the inscriptions from the tunnels. | Has translated the inscriptions from the tunnels. |
236 | 00:15:04,754 | 00:15:06,272 | Jaboori: The palace of esarhaddon, | Jaboori: The palace of esarhaddon, |
237 | 00:15:06,281 | 00:15:09,712 | Mighty king, king of the world, | Mighty king, king of the world, |
238 | 00:15:09,721 | 00:15:13,079 | King of assyria, rebuilt the asagulih and babylon, | King of assyria, rebuilt the asagulih and babylon, |
239 | 00:15:13,154 | 00:15:16,879 | Descendant of sargon, king of assur. | Descendant of sargon, king of assur. |
240 | 00:15:18,994 | 00:15:20,032 | Mastrelli: The palace belonged | Mastrelli: The palace belonged |
241 | 00:15:20,041 | 00:15:22,759 | To the assyrian king esarhaddon. | To the assyrian king esarhaddon. |
242 | 00:15:22,834 | 00:15:23,639 | But who was he? | But who was he? |
243 | 00:15:27,641 | 00:15:29,232 | Could he be the sinful king | Could he be the sinful king |
244 | 00:15:29,241 | 00:15:31,759 | That some believe jonah came to warn? | That some believe jonah came to warn? |
245 | 00:15:33,634 | 00:15:36,039 | History tells us he fit the bill. | History tells us he fit the bill. |
246 | 00:15:37,161 | 00:15:39,159 | Dalley: Esarhaddon as the crowned prince, | Dalley: Esarhaddon as the crowned prince, |
247 | 00:15:39,234 | 00:15:41,079 | Falls out with his father. | Falls out with his father. |
248 | 00:15:43,561 | 00:15:48,559 | And his mother, naqi'a, and esarhaddon himself | And his mother, naqi'a, and esarhaddon himself |
249 | 00:15:48,914 | 00:15:52,592 | Organized the murder of naqi'a's husband, | Organized the murder of naqi'a's husband, |
250 | 00:15:52,601 | 00:15:54,199 | And her son's father. | And her son's father. |
251 | 00:16:00,674 | 00:16:04,832 | Mastrelli: As king, esarhaddon ruled his vast empire | Mastrelli: As king, esarhaddon ruled his vast empire |
252 | 00:16:04,841 | 00:16:06,399 | With ruthless brutality. | With ruthless brutality. |
253 | 00:16:08,761 | 00:16:12,519 | He celebrated his fearsome reputation with grisly carvings. | He celebrated his fearsome reputation with grisly carvings. |
254 | 00:16:15,714 | 00:16:19,632 | This engraving shows esarhaddon leading his defeated enemies | This engraving shows esarhaddon leading his defeated enemies |
255 | 00:16:19,641 | 00:16:22,559 | Like animals, on a leash. | Like animals, on a leash. |
256 | 00:16:24,041 | 00:16:27,599 | And he hammered the message home with gruesome inscriptions. | And he hammered the message home with gruesome inscriptions. |
257 | 00:16:29,634 | 00:16:33,392 | Dalley: "I trampled on the necks of the people of cilicia. | Dalley: "I trampled on the necks of the people of cilicia. |
258 | 00:16:33,401 | 00:16:35,719 | "the corpses of their warriors unburied | "the corpses of their warriors unburied |
259 | 00:16:35,794 | 00:16:37,639 | "I gave to the wolf to eat. | "I gave to the wolf to eat. |
260 | 00:16:38,834 | 00:16:42,832 | "I hung the head of sanduarri and abdi-milkutti | "I hung the head of sanduarri and abdi-milkutti |
261 | 00:16:42,841 | 00:16:45,039 | "on the shoulders of their nobles. | "on the shoulders of their nobles. |
262 | 00:16:47,881 | 00:16:51,079 | "and with singing and music I paraded | "and with singing and music I paraded |
263 | 00:16:51,154 | 00:16:53,559 | "through the public square of nineveh." | "through the public square of nineveh." |
264 | 00:16:56,594 | 00:16:58,592 | Mastrelli: Esarhaddon seems the perfect candidate | Mastrelli: Esarhaddon seems the perfect candidate |
265 | 00:16:58,601 | 00:17:01,319 | For the book of jonah's sinful king of nineveh. | For the book of jonah's sinful king of nineveh. |
266 | 00:17:03,554 | 00:17:05,799 | And there was more to esarhaddon's wickedness. | And there was more to esarhaddon's wickedness. |
267 | 00:17:07,954 | 00:17:12,079 | He also worshiped deities the bible calls false idols, | He also worshiped deities the bible calls false idols, |
268 | 00:17:14,601 | 00:17:16,839 | Including perhaps the most famous, | Including perhaps the most famous, |
269 | 00:17:16,914 | 00:17:19,319 | And infamous, goddess in history. | And infamous, goddess in history. |
270 | 00:17:23,561 | 00:17:26,919 | Dalley: Every city will have a patron god, or goddess. | Dalley: Every city will have a patron god, or goddess. |
271 | 00:17:26,994 | 00:17:31,239 | In nineveh it was ishtar, the goddess of battle, | In nineveh it was ishtar, the goddess of battle, |
272 | 00:17:31,314 | 00:17:34,032 | As well as love, as well as fertility. | As well as love, as well as fertility. |
273 | 00:17:34,041 | 00:17:37,152 | She is a ferocious goddess. | She is a ferocious goddess. |
274 | 00:17:37,161 | 00:17:39,879 | She would sleep with anybody she felt like, | She would sleep with anybody she felt like, |
275 | 00:17:39,954 | 00:17:41,952 | She's into killing people. | She's into killing people. |
276 | 00:17:41,961 | 00:17:43,072 | She can do anything. | She can do anything. |
277 | 00:17:43,081 | 00:17:47,159 | She is the most powerful deity of all. | She is the most powerful deity of all. |
278 | 00:17:48,281 | 00:17:49,392 | Mastrelli: This association | Mastrelli: This association |
279 | 00:17:49,401 | 00:17:52,272 | With the promiscuous goddess ishtar | With the promiscuous goddess ishtar |
280 | 00:17:52,281 | 00:17:55,319 | Tarnished nineveh's reputation in the eyes of the bible. | Tarnished nineveh's reputation in the eyes of the bible. |
281 | 00:17:59,321 | 00:18:01,792 | In the old testament's book of nahum, | In the old testament's book of nahum, |
282 | 00:18:01,801 | 00:18:04,039 | Ishtar and nineveh are linked. | Ishtar and nineveh are linked. |
283 | 00:18:06,601 | 00:18:09,999 | Dalley: Nahum is regarding the city as a woman. | Dalley: Nahum is regarding the city as a woman. |
284 | 00:18:10,994 | 00:18:14,519 | "and I will discover thy skirts upon thy face, | "and I will discover thy skirts upon thy face, |
285 | 00:18:14,594 | 00:18:18,272 | "and I will show the nations thy nakedness | "and I will show the nations thy nakedness |
286 | 00:18:18,281 | 00:18:21,792 | "and the kingdoms thy shame." | "and the kingdoms thy shame." |
287 | 00:18:21,801 | 00:18:25,399 | So, she is a thoroughly disgraced woman, | So, she is a thoroughly disgraced woman, |
288 | 00:18:25,474 | 00:18:28,272 | Of worst possible repute. | Of worst possible repute. |
289 | 00:18:28,281 | 00:18:30,679 | And that's the kind of idea | And that's the kind of idea |
290 | 00:18:30,754 | 00:18:35,719 | That stuck to assyria as a place of atrocious sexual habits | That stuck to assyria as a place of atrocious sexual habits |
291 | 00:18:36,994 | 00:18:39,199 | And atrocious fornication. | And atrocious fornication. |
292 | 00:18:41,394 | 00:18:44,992 | Mastrelli: A metropolis led by a ruthless, violent king | Mastrelli: A metropolis led by a ruthless, violent king |
293 | 00:18:45,001 | 00:18:48,039 | And dedicated to a goddess of sex and war. | And dedicated to a goddess of sex and war. |
294 | 00:18:49,794 | 00:18:51,952 | The similarities between the book of jonah | The similarities between the book of jonah |
295 | 00:18:51,961 | 00:18:55,719 | And the archeology in these tunnels are striking. | And the archeology in these tunnels are striking. |
296 | 00:18:57,081 | 00:19:01,319 | There's a real shrine of jonah, and a real sinful king, | There's a real shrine of jonah, and a real sinful king, |
297 | 00:19:02,994 | 00:19:06,399 | In a real palace, in a real city. | In a real palace, in a real city. |
298 | 00:19:09,394 | 00:19:13,159 | So, were the events in the book of jonah real too? | So, were the events in the book of jonah real too? |
299 | 00:19:16,114 | 00:19:18,512 | While the discoveries at nebi yunus seem to fit | While the discoveries at nebi yunus seem to fit |
300 | 00:19:18,521 | 00:19:22,199 | With jonah's story, the dates don't. | With jonah's story, the dates don't. |
301 | 00:19:25,234 | 00:19:28,079 | Though evidence for the historical jonah is bolstered | Though evidence for the historical jonah is bolstered |
302 | 00:19:28,121 | 00:19:29,999 | By the bible's book of kings ii, | By the bible's book of kings ii, |
303 | 00:19:32,201 | 00:19:34,912 | That account points to him living in israel | That account points to him living in israel |
304 | 00:19:34,921 | 00:19:36,839 | During the eighth century bc, | During the eighth century bc, |
305 | 00:19:37,954 | 00:19:40,199 | Long before esarhaddon reigned. | Long before esarhaddon reigned. |
306 | 00:19:42,441 | 00:19:44,439 | Schiffman: We have evidence there was such a prophet | Schiffman: We have evidence there was such a prophet |
307 | 00:19:44,514 | 00:19:46,272 | From second kings. | From second kings. |
308 | 00:19:46,281 | 00:19:49,632 | We also know that there was a city of nineveh | We also know that there was a city of nineveh |
309 | 00:19:49,641 | 00:19:51,872 | And in fact there's archeological evidence | And in fact there's archeological evidence |
310 | 00:19:51,881 | 00:19:54,919 | For that city in the assyrian period. | For that city in the assyrian period. |
311 | 00:19:54,994 | 00:19:58,039 | But actually, that archeological evidence for the city | But actually, that archeological evidence for the city |
312 | 00:19:58,114 | 00:19:59,952 | Is from a somewhat later period | Is from a somewhat later period |
313 | 00:19:59,961 | 00:20:03,552 | Than the one in which jonah apparently functioned | Than the one in which jonah apparently functioned |
314 | 00:20:03,561 | 00:20:05,119 | According to the book of kings. | According to the book of kings. |
315 | 00:20:06,041 | 00:20:08,752 | Mastrelli: Today, many scholars believe | Mastrelli: Today, many scholars believe |
316 | 00:20:08,761 | 00:20:12,759 | That as the story passed from one generation to the next, | That as the story passed from one generation to the next, |
317 | 00:20:12,834 | 00:20:13,759 | It evolved. | It evolved. |
318 | 00:20:15,561 | 00:20:18,559 | Facts, such as the wealthy city of nineveh, | Facts, such as the wealthy city of nineveh, |
319 | 00:20:19,721 | 00:20:22,519 | And fiction, like jonah's three days | And fiction, like jonah's three days |
320 | 00:20:22,594 | 00:20:25,639 | Inside the great fish, fused. | Inside the great fish, fused. |
321 | 00:20:27,154 | 00:20:30,479 | Then the writers of the old testament added their own spin, | Then the writers of the old testament added their own spin, |
322 | 00:20:31,881 | 00:20:35,919 | To create a story that was more symbolic than historic. | To create a story that was more symbolic than historic. |
323 | 00:20:37,241 | 00:20:39,552 | Schiffman: We realize on one hand that it's a document, | Schiffman: We realize on one hand that it's a document, |
324 | 00:20:39,561 | 00:20:43,399 | Which has in it some actual history and actual events. | Which has in it some actual history and actual events. |
325 | 00:20:43,474 | 00:20:44,672 | On the other hand, | On the other hand, |
326 | 00:20:44,681 | 00:20:47,792 | Sometimes we have a more symbolic way of writing. | Sometimes we have a more symbolic way of writing. |
327 | 00:20:47,801 | 00:20:50,592 | It doesn't really seem that this is to be taken literally. | It doesn't really seem that this is to be taken literally. |
328 | 00:20:50,601 | 00:20:53,392 | It rather seems that this is a narrative meant | It rather seems that this is a narrative meant |
329 | 00:20:53,401 | 00:20:56,279 | To teach us some very, very important lessons | To teach us some very, very important lessons |
330 | 00:20:56,354 | 00:21:01,319 | About judgment, and mercy, and sin, and repentance. | About judgment, and mercy, and sin, and repentance. |
331 | 00:21:03,561 | 00:21:06,679 | Mastrelli: So, if there was a historical jonah, | Mastrelli: So, if there was a historical jonah, |
332 | 00:21:07,801 | 00:21:09,799 | This is not where he was buried. | This is not where he was buried. |
333 | 00:21:11,241 | 00:21:13,952 | In fact, at least three other sites | In fact, at least three other sites |
334 | 00:21:13,961 | 00:21:17,199 | Across the middle east lay claim to the prophet's bones. | Across the middle east lay claim to the prophet's bones. |
335 | 00:21:18,921 | 00:21:21,952 | Still, jonah's tale of repentance | Still, jonah's tale of repentance |
336 | 00:21:21,961 | 00:21:24,799 | And its universal appeal endures. | And its universal appeal endures. |
337 | 00:21:26,034 | 00:21:29,399 | Juboori: Nebi yunus is very important for iraqis | Juboori: Nebi yunus is very important for iraqis |
338 | 00:21:29,474 | 00:21:33,792 | Because it is a heritage from 3,000 years. | Because it is a heritage from 3,000 years. |
339 | 00:21:33,801 | 00:21:35,959 | Even though it's been destroyed, | Even though it's been destroyed, |
340 | 00:21:36,034 | 00:21:38,999 | The name will continue for the future generations. | The name will continue for the future generations. |
341 | 00:21:41,234 | 00:21:43,232 | Mastrelli: Call it the ultimate irony, | Mastrelli: Call it the ultimate irony, |
342 | 00:21:43,241 | 00:21:46,439 | An act of pitiless destruction by a murderous cult, | An act of pitiless destruction by a murderous cult, |
343 | 00:21:46,514 | 00:21:49,072 | A cult dedicated to erasing the ancient history | A cult dedicated to erasing the ancient history |
344 | 00:21:49,081 | 00:21:52,439 | Of iraq and syria, is now allowing archeologists | Of iraq and syria, is now allowing archeologists |
345 | 00:21:52,514 | 00:21:54,999 | To wonder again at the story of jonah | To wonder again at the story of jonah |
346 | 00:21:55,074 | 00:21:58,239 | And to discover the palace of a mighty assyrian king. | And to discover the palace of a mighty assyrian king. |