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# | Start | End | Original | Translated |
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1 | 00:00:00,841 | 00:00:02,359 | (dramatic music) (birds chirping) | (dramatic music) (birds chirping) |
2 | 00:00:02,434 | 00:00:06,112 | Mastrelli: Eden, the original biblical paradise, | Mastrelli: Eden, the original biblical paradise, |
3 | 00:00:06,121 | 00:00:09,319 | Where adam and eve lived in a land of plenty, | Where adam and eve lived in a land of plenty, |
4 | 00:00:09,394 | 00:00:13,472 | Until temptation triggered their fall from grace | Until temptation triggered their fall from grace |
5 | 00:00:13,481 | 00:00:16,119 | And condemned them to a life of toil. | And condemned them to a life of toil. |
6 | 00:00:17,721 | 00:00:20,272 | It's a tale long considered by science | It's a tale long considered by science |
7 | 00:00:20,281 | 00:00:25,279 | To be a moral lesson based in mythology, not in fact. | To be a moral lesson based in mythology, not in fact. |
8 | 00:00:26,121 | 00:00:30,352 | But a prehistoric structure uncovered in turkey | But a prehistoric structure uncovered in turkey |
9 | 00:00:30,361 | 00:00:34,239 | Has rocked the foundations of stone age anthropology. | Has rocked the foundations of stone age anthropology. |
10 | 00:00:36,194 | 00:00:37,239 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
11 | 00:00:37,314 | 00:00:39,159 | Could the bible's oldest story | Could the bible's oldest story |
12 | 00:00:39,234 | 00:00:41,799 | Actually be rooted in reality? | Actually be rooted in reality? |
13 | 00:00:45,474 | 00:00:47,392 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
14 | 00:00:47,401 | 00:00:51,319 | For centuries the mysteries of the past | For centuries the mysteries of the past |
15 | 00:00:51,394 | 00:00:54,359 | Have kept their secrets, | Have kept their secrets, |
16 | 00:00:54,434 | 00:00:58,119 | But there are clues cast in gold, | But there are clues cast in gold, |
17 | 00:00:58,194 | 00:01:00,112 | Etched in stone, | Etched in stone, |
18 | 00:01:00,121 | 00:01:02,912 | (crowd shouts) written in blood. | (crowd shouts) written in blood. |
19 | 00:01:02,921 | 00:01:05,879 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
20 | 00:01:05,954 | 00:01:07,879 | We can unlock them. | We can unlock them. |
21 | 00:01:23,961 | 00:01:26,039 | Every great archeological discovery | Every great archeological discovery |
22 | 00:01:26,114 | 00:01:28,599 | Attracts a truckload of superlatives. | Attracts a truckload of superlatives. |
23 | 00:01:28,674 | 00:01:29,712 | The greatest. | The greatest. |
24 | 00:01:29,721 | 00:01:30,752 | The richest. | The richest. |
25 | 00:01:30,761 | 00:01:31,599 | The biggest. | The biggest. |
26 | 00:01:32,914 | 00:01:35,079 | But when it comes to real game changers, | But when it comes to real game changers, |
27 | 00:01:35,154 | 00:01:37,792 | Discoveries that rewrite human history, | Discoveries that rewrite human history, |
28 | 00:01:37,801 | 00:01:40,199 | That cause paradigm shifts in our thinking | That cause paradigm shifts in our thinking |
29 | 00:01:40,274 | 00:01:43,392 | As seismic as an actual seismic event, | As seismic as an actual seismic event, |
30 | 00:01:43,401 | 00:01:45,632 | Those are few and far between. | Those are few and far between. |
31 | 00:01:45,641 | 00:01:47,879 | Now recent excavations in turkey | Now recent excavations in turkey |
32 | 00:01:47,954 | 00:01:51,312 | Are producing results so epic in scope | Are producing results so epic in scope |
33 | 00:01:51,321 | 00:01:53,152 | That the discovery of the garden of eden | That the discovery of the garden of eden |
34 | 00:01:53,161 | 00:01:55,479 | Itself is being invoked. | Itself is being invoked. |
35 | 00:01:57,081 | 00:01:59,719 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
36 | 00:02:01,161 | 00:02:03,879 | Southeast turkey, 1994, | Southeast turkey, 1994, |
37 | 00:02:05,554 | 00:02:08,599 | Klaus schmidt, of the german archeological institute, | Klaus schmidt, of the german archeological institute, |
38 | 00:02:08,674 | 00:02:11,799 | Is alerted to the discovery of a potential new site. | Is alerted to the discovery of a potential new site. |
39 | 00:02:15,001 | 00:02:17,399 | A local farmer's plow has uncovered | A local farmer's plow has uncovered |
40 | 00:02:17,474 | 00:02:20,759 | A set of carved rocks protruding from the ground. | A set of carved rocks protruding from the ground. |
41 | 00:02:22,761 | 00:02:26,512 | They stand on the crest of a mound called gobekli tepe | They stand on the crest of a mound called gobekli tepe |
42 | 00:02:26,521 | 00:02:29,199 | Near today's war-torn border with syria. | Near today's war-torn border with syria. |
43 | 00:02:30,361 | 00:02:34,039 | What schmidt uncovers is an archeological wonder | What schmidt uncovers is an archeological wonder |
44 | 00:02:34,114 | 00:02:36,592 | Like nothing else on earth. | Like nothing else on earth. |
45 | 00:02:36,601 | 00:02:38,352 | Conard: Gobekli tepe when it was discovered, | Conard: Gobekli tepe when it was discovered, |
46 | 00:02:38,361 | 00:02:40,839 | Was an enormous surprise. | Was an enormous surprise. |
47 | 00:02:40,914 | 00:02:42,279 | I think most people thought | I think most people thought |
48 | 00:02:42,354 | 00:02:43,999 | That this doesn't really make sense. | That this doesn't really make sense. |
49 | 00:02:45,074 | 00:02:47,792 | Mastrelli: Over the next 20 years it has revolutionized | Mastrelli: Over the next 20 years it has revolutionized |
50 | 00:02:47,801 | 00:02:50,719 | Archeologists' view of the stone age. | Archeologists' view of the stone age. |
51 | 00:02:54,674 | 00:02:57,319 | (tools clanking) | (tools clanking) |
52 | 00:02:57,394 | 00:03:00,119 | By the time he dies in 2014, | By the time he dies in 2014, |
53 | 00:03:00,194 | 00:03:02,439 | Schmidt's team has exposed a complex | Schmidt's team has exposed a complex |
54 | 00:03:02,514 | 00:03:04,599 | Of massive limestone pillars, | Of massive limestone pillars, |
55 | 00:03:06,921 | 00:03:08,719 | A series of circular exclosures, | A series of circular exclosures, |
56 | 00:03:09,714 | 00:03:12,672 | Each between 30 and a 100 feet across, | Each between 30 and a 100 feet across, |
57 | 00:03:12,681 | 00:03:15,399 | Clustered together near the top of the hill. | Clustered together near the top of the hill. |
58 | 00:03:17,161 | 00:03:19,559 | Today the site's in lockdown, | Today the site's in lockdown, |
59 | 00:03:19,634 | 00:03:22,999 | Just a few clicks away from what's long been a war zone. | Just a few clicks away from what's long been a war zone. |
60 | 00:03:24,434 | 00:03:25,959 | But the protective shell | But the protective shell |
61 | 00:03:26,034 | 00:03:28,879 | Conceals an architectural phenomenon. | Conceals an architectural phenomenon. |
62 | 00:03:30,441 | 00:03:34,519 | At the center of each circle stands two huge monoliths, | At the center of each circle stands two huge monoliths, |
63 | 00:03:35,954 | 00:03:39,232 | T-shaped pillars carved out of a single block, | T-shaped pillars carved out of a single block, |
64 | 00:03:39,241 | 00:03:41,919 | Standing up to 20 feet in height. | Standing up to 20 feet in height. |
65 | 00:03:42,914 | 00:03:46,119 | The entire complex is intricately decorated | The entire complex is intricately decorated |
66 | 00:03:46,194 | 00:03:49,519 | With three-dimensional carvings of animals and birds. | With three-dimensional carvings of animals and birds. |
67 | 00:03:51,154 | 00:03:53,799 | A gallery sculpted in stone. | A gallery sculpted in stone. |
68 | 00:03:56,274 | 00:03:59,552 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
69 | 00:03:59,561 | 00:04:02,672 | The structure's most complete ring of stones | The structure's most complete ring of stones |
70 | 00:04:02,681 | 00:04:06,672 | Has been recreated at the museum of sanliurfa | Has been recreated at the museum of sanliurfa |
71 | 00:04:06,681 | 00:04:08,159 | On the syrian border. | On the syrian border. |
72 | 00:04:10,601 | 00:04:13,319 | Notroff: This reconstruction of enclosure allows us | Notroff: This reconstruction of enclosure allows us |
73 | 00:04:13,394 | 00:04:15,999 | To experience the sheer monumentality of the site. | To experience the sheer monumentality of the site. |
74 | 00:04:17,161 | 00:04:19,712 | Standing among these giant stones | Standing among these giant stones |
75 | 00:04:19,721 | 00:04:22,272 | Actually makes us appreciate the huge effort | Actually makes us appreciate the huge effort |
76 | 00:04:22,281 | 00:04:24,919 | These people must have gone through creating it. | These people must have gone through creating it. |
77 | 00:04:29,161 | 00:04:31,312 | Mastrelli: But the most breathtaking discovery | Mastrelli: But the most breathtaking discovery |
78 | 00:04:31,321 | 00:04:33,679 | Was not the size of the complex. | Was not the size of the complex. |
79 | 00:04:35,161 | 00:04:36,519 | It was its age. | It was its age. |
80 | 00:04:38,361 | 00:04:40,039 | It was once thought britain | It was once thought britain |
81 | 00:04:40,114 | 00:04:42,919 | Was home to the world's oldest stone circles. | Was home to the world's oldest stone circles. |
82 | 00:04:44,674 | 00:04:48,559 | But gobekli tepe blows stonehenge out of the water. | But gobekli tepe blows stonehenge out of the water. |
83 | 00:04:51,001 | 00:04:54,439 | The most ancient organic material found in the fabric | The most ancient organic material found in the fabric |
84 | 00:04:54,514 | 00:04:56,839 | Of the stonework was radio carbon | Of the stonework was radio carbon |
85 | 00:04:56,914 | 00:05:00,439 | Dated to before 9,000 bce, | Dated to before 9,000 bce, |
86 | 00:05:00,514 | 00:05:03,639 | More than 11,000 years ago. | More than 11,000 years ago. |
87 | 00:05:03,714 | 00:05:06,272 | That's 6,000 years before construction | That's 6,000 years before construction |
88 | 00:05:06,281 | 00:05:09,712 | At stonehenge even began. | At stonehenge even began. |
89 | 00:05:09,721 | 00:05:11,472 | Notroff: We today actually are closer | Notroff: We today actually are closer |
90 | 00:05:11,481 | 00:05:13,152 | To the builders of stonehenge | To the builders of stonehenge |
91 | 00:05:13,161 | 00:05:16,352 | Than the people building stonehenge were to gobekli tepe. | Than the people building stonehenge were to gobekli tepe. |
92 | 00:05:16,361 | 00:05:17,872 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
93 | 00:05:17,881 | 00:05:20,119 | Mastrelli: Gobekli tepe represents the oldest | Mastrelli: Gobekli tepe represents the oldest |
94 | 00:05:20,194 | 00:05:22,559 | Monumental structure ever built, | Monumental structure ever built, |
95 | 00:05:24,281 | 00:05:28,119 | Carved, moved, and erected without anything | Carved, moved, and erected without anything |
96 | 00:05:28,194 | 00:05:33,159 | More sophisticated than manpower and stone tools. | More sophisticated than manpower and stone tools. |
97 | 00:05:33,401 | 00:05:34,439 | Notroff: We're talking about a period here | Notroff: We're talking about a period here |
98 | 00:05:34,514 | 00:05:36,112 | Which has not seen metal tools, | Which has not seen metal tools, |
99 | 00:05:36,121 | 00:05:37,879 | And even the wheel was not invented yet. | And even the wheel was not invented yet. |
100 | 00:05:37,954 | 00:05:42,112 | So, these monuments were put together by hand. | So, these monuments were put together by hand. |
101 | 00:05:42,121 | 00:05:43,792 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
102 | 00:05:43,801 | 00:05:46,759 | Mastrelli: The art and architecture at gobekli tepe | Mastrelli: The art and architecture at gobekli tepe |
103 | 00:05:46,834 | 00:05:49,759 | Is rewriting prehistoric archeology. | Is rewriting prehistoric archeology. |
104 | 00:05:51,234 | 00:05:53,552 | But it was the identity of the architects | But it was the identity of the architects |
105 | 00:05:53,561 | 00:05:55,839 | That would cause the greatest shock. | That would cause the greatest shock. |
106 | 00:05:57,721 | 00:06:01,119 | Archeologists found the clues not in the stonework, | Archeologists found the clues not in the stonework, |
107 | 00:06:02,194 | 00:06:03,639 | But in the trash. | But in the trash. |
108 | 00:06:03,714 | 00:06:06,599 | Joris peters has spent more than two decades | Joris peters has spent more than two decades |
109 | 00:06:06,674 | 00:06:10,112 | Examining 11,000-year- old animal remains | Examining 11,000-year- old animal remains |
110 | 00:06:10,121 | 00:06:13,479 | From the landscape around gobekli tepe. | From the landscape around gobekli tepe. |
111 | 00:06:13,554 | 00:06:15,319 | But it's the animal bones discovered | But it's the animal bones discovered |
112 | 00:06:15,394 | 00:06:17,312 | Within the enclosures, | Within the enclosures, |
113 | 00:06:17,321 | 00:06:19,639 | Which were the most revealing. | Which were the most revealing. |
114 | 00:06:19,714 | 00:06:21,479 | Most had been shattered, | Most had been shattered, |
115 | 00:06:21,554 | 00:06:22,759 | (suspenseful music) | (suspenseful music) |
116 | 00:06:22,834 | 00:06:24,119 | A clear sign they'd been butchered | A clear sign they'd been butchered |
117 | 00:06:24,194 | 00:06:25,872 | To extract bone marrow. | To extract bone marrow. |
118 | 00:06:25,881 | 00:06:27,639 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
119 | 00:06:27,714 | 00:06:30,239 | But the key clue was in the type of bones discovered, | But the key clue was in the type of bones discovered, |
120 | 00:06:31,234 | 00:06:33,399 | Only the richest cuts. | Only the richest cuts. |
121 | 00:06:33,474 | 00:06:35,079 | (people chatting) | (people chatting) |
122 | 00:06:35,154 | 00:06:38,519 | Peters: Normally when you have domestic animals | Peters: Normally when you have domestic animals |
123 | 00:06:38,594 | 00:06:41,399 | Living in a place, when you slaughter them, | Living in a place, when you slaughter them, |
124 | 00:06:41,474 | 00:06:44,752 | You will find all the elements of the body. | You will find all the elements of the body. |
125 | 00:06:44,761 | 00:06:48,992 | The head, the spine, the lower legs, it's all there. | The head, the spine, the lower legs, it's all there. |
126 | 00:06:49,001 | 00:06:50,432 | But for gobekli tepe, | But for gobekli tepe, |
127 | 00:06:50,441 | 00:06:52,079 | The picture is totally different. | The picture is totally different. |
128 | 00:06:53,401 | 00:06:55,959 | Most of the bones we found | Most of the bones we found |
129 | 00:06:56,034 | 00:06:58,919 | Are the ones that carry a lot of meat. | Are the ones that carry a lot of meat. |
130 | 00:06:58,994 | 00:07:01,679 | Mastrelli: The animals hadn't been butchered onsite. | Mastrelli: The animals hadn't been butchered onsite. |
131 | 00:07:02,601 | 00:07:05,239 | They'd been carved up wherever they'd been killed, | They'd been carved up wherever they'd been killed, |
132 | 00:07:06,114 | 00:07:08,999 | And the meatiest joints brought up the hill. | And the meatiest joints brought up the hill. |
133 | 00:07:10,594 | 00:07:13,399 | For archeologists it was evidence | For archeologists it was evidence |
134 | 00:07:13,474 | 00:07:15,639 | That these animals were wild, | That these animals were wild, |
135 | 00:07:16,594 | 00:07:20,919 | And for the builders of gobekli tepe, they were prey. | And for the builders of gobekli tepe, they were prey. |
136 | 00:07:20,994 | 00:07:23,872 | Peters: The focus on meat-bearing parts | Peters: The focus on meat-bearing parts |
137 | 00:07:23,881 | 00:07:25,632 | Points to hunter-gatherers. | Points to hunter-gatherers. |
138 | 00:07:25,641 | 00:07:27,152 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
139 | 00:07:27,161 | 00:07:29,232 | Mastrelli: The discovery of gobekli tepe | Mastrelli: The discovery of gobekli tepe |
140 | 00:07:29,241 | 00:07:32,279 | Threw anthropologists' theories about life | Threw anthropologists' theories about life |
141 | 00:07:32,354 | 00:07:34,519 | In the stone age into chaos, | In the stone age into chaos, |
142 | 00:07:37,481 | 00:07:40,679 | And rumor quickly spread of a mysterious monument | And rumor quickly spread of a mysterious monument |
143 | 00:07:40,754 | 00:07:43,959 | To nature in an ancient land of plenty. | To nature in an ancient land of plenty. |
144 | 00:07:44,034 | 00:07:46,759 | (dramatic music) (birds chirping) | (dramatic music) (birds chirping) |
145 | 00:07:46,834 | 00:07:49,952 | Could gobekli tepe hold the secret to the location | Could gobekli tepe hold the secret to the location |
146 | 00:07:49,961 | 00:07:51,999 | Of the bible's garden of eden? | Of the bible's garden of eden? |
147 | 00:07:55,321 | 00:07:57,999 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
148 | 00:07:58,994 | 00:08:01,559 | On a hilltop in eastern turkey called gobekli tepe, | On a hilltop in eastern turkey called gobekli tepe, |
149 | 00:08:02,594 | 00:08:04,192 | Archeologists have unearthed | Archeologists have unearthed |
150 | 00:08:04,201 | 00:08:07,792 | An 11,000-year-old complex of standing stones. | An 11,000-year-old complex of standing stones. |
151 | 00:08:07,801 | 00:08:10,599 | It's the oldest monumental structure on earth | It's the oldest monumental structure on earth |
152 | 00:08:10,674 | 00:08:15,632 | And predates stonehenge by 6,000 years. | And predates stonehenge by 6,000 years. |
153 | 00:08:15,641 | 00:08:17,072 | Archeologists have discovered | Archeologists have discovered |
154 | 00:08:17,081 | 00:08:19,239 | It was erected by hunter-gatherers, | It was erected by hunter-gatherers, |
155 | 00:08:19,314 | 00:08:20,592 | Obliterating the theory that | Obliterating the theory that |
156 | 00:08:20,601 | 00:08:23,399 | Nomadic tribes never built in stone. | Nomadic tribes never built in stone. |
157 | 00:08:26,921 | 00:08:30,119 | Its intricate carvings suggest a people at one | Its intricate carvings suggest a people at one |
158 | 00:08:30,194 | 00:08:34,279 | With nature in a landscape brimming with wildlife, | With nature in a landscape brimming with wildlife, |
159 | 00:08:34,354 | 00:08:38,999 | From pigs, to birds, wild cats, and serpents. | From pigs, to birds, wild cats, and serpents. |
160 | 00:08:40,361 | 00:08:43,232 | The world's media quickly connected gobekli tepe | The world's media quickly connected gobekli tepe |
161 | 00:08:43,241 | 00:08:48,239 | To the bible's most famous story: The garden of eden. | To the bible's most famous story: The garden of eden. |
162 | 00:08:48,761 | 00:08:51,872 | Rose: That story is at the foundation of western thought. | Rose: That story is at the foundation of western thought. |
163 | 00:08:51,881 | 00:08:53,392 | Whether we like it or not, | Whether we like it or not, |
164 | 00:08:53,401 | 00:08:55,519 | That story is embedded in our worldview. | That story is embedded in our worldview. |
165 | 00:08:56,834 | 00:09:01,152 | Mastrelli: In 2006, germany's most popular weekly magazine, | Mastrelli: In 2006, germany's most popular weekly magazine, |
166 | 00:09:01,161 | 00:09:05,879 | "der spiegel", splashed the story on its front cover. | "der spiegel", splashed the story on its front cover. |
167 | 00:09:05,954 | 00:09:08,119 | The idea had taken hold. | The idea had taken hold. |
168 | 00:09:09,481 | 00:09:12,352 | For some the garden of eden story is an attempt | For some the garden of eden story is an attempt |
169 | 00:09:12,361 | 00:09:16,512 | To answer a question common to all humanity. | To answer a question common to all humanity. |
170 | 00:09:16,521 | 00:09:19,079 | How did we get here? | How did we get here? |
171 | 00:09:19,154 | 00:09:20,992 | Schiffman: It doesn't matter whether talking about buddhists | Schiffman: It doesn't matter whether talking about buddhists |
172 | 00:09:21,001 | 00:09:23,472 | Or hindus or jews or christians, muslims, | Or hindus or jews or christians, muslims, |
173 | 00:09:23,481 | 00:09:26,119 | The human being is designed to want | The human being is designed to want |
174 | 00:09:26,194 | 00:09:28,752 | To fill the brain that we have | To fill the brain that we have |
175 | 00:09:28,761 | 00:09:31,479 | With more and more understanding, | With more and more understanding, |
176 | 00:09:31,554 | 00:09:34,039 | And there is something about trying | And there is something about trying |
177 | 00:09:34,114 | 00:09:36,919 | To understand why we are really here. | To understand why we are really here. |
178 | 00:09:37,801 | 00:09:41,959 | Mastrelli: For many the search begins in the old testament, | Mastrelli: For many the search begins in the old testament, |
179 | 00:09:42,034 | 00:09:43,959 | With the clues laid out in the text | With the clues laid out in the text |
180 | 00:09:44,034 | 00:09:47,072 | Of genesis chapters two and three. | Of genesis chapters two and three. |
181 | 00:09:47,081 | 00:09:49,552 | It describes an earthly paradise | It describes an earthly paradise |
182 | 00:09:49,561 | 00:09:52,672 | At the point where four rivers split. | At the point where four rivers split. |
183 | 00:09:52,681 | 00:09:54,672 | Schiffman: Now of the four rivers mentioned in the bible | Schiffman: Now of the four rivers mentioned in the bible |
184 | 00:09:54,681 | 00:09:56,199 | As coming out of the garden, | As coming out of the garden, |
185 | 00:09:56,274 | 00:09:58,352 | Two of them are the tigris and euphrates. | Two of them are the tigris and euphrates. |
186 | 00:09:58,361 | 00:10:00,199 | That means the garden of eden, | That means the garden of eden, |
187 | 00:10:00,274 | 00:10:03,959 | Has got to be somewhere up there in the northern regions | Has got to be somewhere up there in the northern regions |
188 | 00:10:04,034 | 00:10:07,079 | Of what was mesopotamia and today is turkey. | Of what was mesopotamia and today is turkey. |
189 | 00:10:07,154 | 00:10:08,432 | (gentle music) (birds chirping) | (gentle music) (birds chirping) |
190 | 00:10:08,441 | 00:10:10,432 | Mastrelli: While gobekli tepe sits right | Mastrelli: While gobekli tepe sits right |
191 | 00:10:10,441 | 00:10:12,879 | In the sweet spot for this biblical hunt, | In the sweet spot for this biblical hunt, |
192 | 00:10:14,514 | 00:10:16,919 | Gobekli tepe is not the first place | Gobekli tepe is not the first place |
193 | 00:10:16,994 | 00:10:20,839 | To be held up as a possible original paradise. | To be held up as a possible original paradise. |
194 | 00:10:20,914 | 00:10:23,952 | Over the centuries scholars have claimed that other | Over the centuries scholars have claimed that other |
195 | 00:10:23,961 | 00:10:27,719 | Ancient mesopotamian sites could be eden. | Ancient mesopotamian sites could be eden. |
196 | 00:10:27,794 | 00:10:31,232 | Schiffman: You have people claiming that the garden of eden | Schiffman: You have people claiming that the garden of eden |
197 | 00:10:31,241 | 00:10:34,119 | Is in southern mesopotamia near the persian gulf. | Is in southern mesopotamia near the persian gulf. |
198 | 00:10:34,194 | 00:10:35,632 | You've got people claiming | You've got people claiming |
199 | 00:10:35,641 | 00:10:38,112 | That it's northern mesopotamia in turkey. | That it's northern mesopotamia in turkey. |
200 | 00:10:38,121 | 00:10:39,392 | What this shows is very simply: | What this shows is very simply: |
201 | 00:10:39,401 | 00:10:41,152 | A, we don't know, | A, we don't know, |
202 | 00:10:41,161 | 00:10:43,639 | And b, these people miss the point. | And b, these people miss the point. |
203 | 00:10:43,714 | 00:10:45,239 | Mastrelli: For most scholars the hunt | Mastrelli: For most scholars the hunt |
204 | 00:10:45,314 | 00:10:47,559 | For the biblical paradise is futile. | For the biblical paradise is futile. |
205 | 00:10:48,681 | 00:10:51,152 | For the faithful the book of genesis | For the faithful the book of genesis |
206 | 00:10:51,161 | 00:10:53,552 | Tells a theological story, | Tells a theological story, |
207 | 00:10:53,561 | 00:10:56,519 | Not one that can be proven with archeology. | Not one that can be proven with archeology. |
208 | 00:10:57,394 | 00:11:00,832 | Still neither scientists nor theologians | Still neither scientists nor theologians |
209 | 00:11:00,841 | 00:11:03,232 | Can miss the remarkable animal carvings | Can miss the remarkable animal carvings |
210 | 00:11:03,241 | 00:11:06,272 | That decorate almost every surface, | That decorate almost every surface, |
211 | 00:11:06,281 | 00:11:09,639 | And as archeologists uncover the enclosures, | And as archeologists uncover the enclosures, |
212 | 00:11:09,714 | 00:11:12,039 | They discover that in each one | They discover that in each one |
213 | 00:11:12,114 | 00:11:14,359 | A different animal predominates. | A different animal predominates. |
214 | 00:11:15,241 | 00:11:17,712 | Notroff: There's one enclosure where a lot of foxes appear, | Notroff: There's one enclosure where a lot of foxes appear, |
215 | 00:11:17,721 | 00:11:19,799 | And in another one were a lot of boars. | And in another one were a lot of boars. |
216 | 00:11:19,874 | 00:11:24,199 | In another enclosure there's a very strong focus on birds. | In another enclosure there's a very strong focus on birds. |
217 | 00:11:24,274 | 00:11:26,439 | Mastrelli: Archeologists believe these carvings | Mastrelli: Archeologists believe these carvings |
218 | 00:11:26,514 | 00:11:28,719 | May represent tribal signatures. | May represent tribal signatures. |
219 | 00:11:29,641 | 00:11:30,759 | Notroff: It's interpretation. | Notroff: It's interpretation. |
220 | 00:11:30,834 | 00:11:32,432 | It's speculation. | It's speculation. |
221 | 00:11:32,441 | 00:11:34,519 | We have the idea where each enclosure | We have the idea where each enclosure |
222 | 00:11:34,594 | 00:11:37,152 | May belong to a certain group, | May belong to a certain group, |
223 | 00:11:37,161 | 00:11:39,959 | Was erected and used by a certain group. | Was erected and used by a certain group. |
224 | 00:11:40,034 | 00:11:43,319 | Mastrelli: If each enclosure represents a different tribe, | Mastrelli: If each enclosure represents a different tribe, |
225 | 00:11:43,394 | 00:11:45,152 | But each tribe was using | But each tribe was using |
226 | 00:11:45,161 | 00:11:47,872 | Similar symbols carved into the rock, | Similar symbols carved into the rock, |
227 | 00:11:47,881 | 00:11:50,839 | It flies in the face of decades of theory. | It flies in the face of decades of theory. |
228 | 00:11:51,794 | 00:11:55,152 | It means these roaming hunter-gatherer groups | It means these roaming hunter-gatherer groups |
229 | 00:11:55,161 | 00:11:57,472 | Weren't operating in isolation, | Weren't operating in isolation, |
230 | 00:11:57,481 | 00:12:00,912 | Shunning contact with neighboring tribes. | Shunning contact with neighboring tribes. |
231 | 00:12:00,921 | 00:12:04,039 | They were part of something bigger. | They were part of something bigger. |
232 | 00:12:04,114 | 00:12:05,399 | Notroff: We're talking about single bands | Notroff: We're talking about single bands |
233 | 00:12:05,474 | 00:12:07,232 | Of hunter-gatherers here, | Of hunter-gatherers here, |
234 | 00:12:07,241 | 00:12:10,679 | But they also seem to share a common, common culture, | But they also seem to share a common, common culture, |
235 | 00:12:10,754 | 00:12:12,119 | A common background. | A common background. |
236 | 00:12:12,194 | 00:12:13,472 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
237 | 00:12:13,481 | 00:12:14,992 | Mastrelli: Archeologists believe that the | Mastrelli: Archeologists believe that the |
238 | 00:12:15,001 | 00:12:17,072 | Hunter-gatherers of the region had enough | Hunter-gatherers of the region had enough |
239 | 00:12:17,081 | 00:12:19,159 | In common to make them come together | In common to make them come together |
240 | 00:12:19,234 | 00:12:22,119 | And carve their shared culture into stone. | And carve their shared culture into stone. |
241 | 00:12:23,241 | 00:12:25,999 | They were part of a wider society. | They were part of a wider society. |
242 | 00:12:27,721 | 00:12:29,712 | Rose: As an american when I lived in the uk, | Rose: As an american when I lived in the uk, |
243 | 00:12:29,721 | 00:12:31,312 | The saddest day of the year was thanksgiving, | The saddest day of the year was thanksgiving, |
244 | 00:12:31,321 | 00:12:33,072 | Because it was the day I felt out of sync | Because it was the day I felt out of sync |
245 | 00:12:33,081 | 00:12:35,079 | With the rest of society. | With the rest of society. |
246 | 00:12:35,154 | 00:12:38,439 | We get at gobekli are all of these disparate tribes | We get at gobekli are all of these disparate tribes |
247 | 00:12:38,514 | 00:12:40,112 | Scattered over hundreds of miles | Scattered over hundreds of miles |
248 | 00:12:40,121 | 00:12:41,879 | All meeting together in this one spot | All meeting together in this one spot |
249 | 00:12:41,954 | 00:12:44,199 | And agreeing that these symbols mean the same thing to them. | And agreeing that these symbols mean the same thing to them. |
250 | 00:12:44,274 | 00:12:47,552 | Gobekli acts as this | Gobekli acts as this |
251 | 00:12:47,561 | 00:12:51,079 | This prehistoric mecca unifying people. | This prehistoric mecca unifying people. |
252 | 00:12:51,154 | 00:12:52,839 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
253 | 00:12:52,914 | 00:12:55,392 | Mastrelli: Nomadic hunter -gatherers of prehistoric turkey | Mastrelli: Nomadic hunter -gatherers of prehistoric turkey |
254 | 00:12:55,401 | 00:12:57,439 | Were part of a wider society, | Were part of a wider society, |
255 | 00:12:58,914 | 00:13:01,319 | But what was attracting them all to gobekli tepe? | But what was attracting them all to gobekli tepe? |
256 | 00:13:02,674 | 00:13:05,479 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
257 | 00:13:06,594 | 00:13:08,832 | The broken up animal bones confirm | The broken up animal bones confirm |
258 | 00:13:08,841 | 00:13:11,799 | It was the site of food consumption. | It was the site of food consumption. |
259 | 00:13:11,874 | 00:13:14,672 | But these weren't every day trash heaps. | But these weren't every day trash heaps. |
260 | 00:13:14,681 | 00:13:18,999 | The enclosures were packed full of smashed up animal bones, | The enclosures were packed full of smashed up animal bones, |
261 | 00:13:20,121 | 00:13:23,879 | And some of the meat hadn't been properly butchered, | And some of the meat hadn't been properly butchered, |
262 | 00:13:23,954 | 00:13:27,472 | Just tossed aside half-finished. | Just tossed aside half-finished. |
263 | 00:13:27,481 | 00:13:30,112 | Peters: The fact that it has not been cut up | Peters: The fact that it has not been cut up |
264 | 00:13:30,121 | 00:13:35,079 | And chopped means they were consuming the meat quite fast, | And chopped means they were consuming the meat quite fast, |
265 | 00:13:35,321 | 00:13:37,119 | Which could be indicative of feasting. | Which could be indicative of feasting. |
266 | 00:13:38,034 | 00:13:40,919 | Mastrelli: This wasn't a case of hunter-gatherers carefully | Mastrelli: This wasn't a case of hunter-gatherers carefully |
267 | 00:13:40,994 | 00:13:44,919 | Stripping down carcasses for every available calorie. | Stripping down carcasses for every available calorie. |
268 | 00:13:44,994 | 00:13:48,599 | Rather, gobekli tepe seems to have played host | Rather, gobekli tepe seems to have played host |
269 | 00:13:48,674 | 00:13:51,152 | To epic meat-fueled feasts. | To epic meat-fueled feasts. |
270 | 00:13:51,161 | 00:13:53,232 | (dramatic music) (tribesmen chatting) | (dramatic music) (tribesmen chatting) |
271 | 00:13:53,241 | 00:13:55,159 | The tribes of hunter-gatherers | The tribes of hunter-gatherers |
272 | 00:13:55,234 | 00:13:57,999 | Were coming to gobekli tepe to celebrate. | Were coming to gobekli tepe to celebrate. |
273 | 00:14:00,201 | 00:14:02,519 | But why did they build a stone monument | But why did they build a stone monument |
274 | 00:14:02,594 | 00:14:05,472 | Larger and more complex than anything | Larger and more complex than anything |
275 | 00:14:05,481 | 00:14:08,119 | The human species had ever produced? | The human species had ever produced? |
276 | 00:14:10,514 | 00:14:12,359 | (tribal people chatting) | (tribal people chatting) |
277 | 00:14:12,434 | 00:14:14,352 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
278 | 00:14:14,361 | 00:14:17,599 | The world's oldest monumental stone structure, | The world's oldest monumental stone structure, |
279 | 00:14:19,074 | 00:14:23,639 | This ornately carved complex of enclosures at gobekli tepe, | This ornately carved complex of enclosures at gobekli tepe, |
280 | 00:14:23,714 | 00:14:26,919 | Seems to have been the focus for huge congregations | Seems to have been the focus for huge congregations |
281 | 00:14:26,994 | 00:14:29,879 | Of stone age hunter -gatherer tribes | Of stone age hunter -gatherer tribes |
282 | 00:14:29,954 | 00:14:33,472 | Assembling for ritual purposes. | Assembling for ritual purposes. |
283 | 00:14:33,481 | 00:14:35,312 | It may represent the first steps | It may represent the first steps |
284 | 00:14:35,321 | 00:14:37,152 | Towards an organized religion, | Towards an organized religion, |
285 | 00:14:37,161 | 00:14:39,959 | Shattering the theory that religious behavior | Shattering the theory that religious behavior |
286 | 00:14:40,034 | 00:14:43,152 | Came out of later, settled societies. | Came out of later, settled societies. |
287 | 00:14:43,161 | 00:14:45,959 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
288 | 00:14:46,034 | 00:14:47,959 | For those who believe the teachings | For those who believe the teachings |
289 | 00:14:48,034 | 00:14:51,632 | Of the old testament re-tell a version of human history, | Of the old testament re-tell a version of human history, |
290 | 00:14:51,641 | 00:14:55,999 | The discoveries at gobekli tepe are an exciting development. | The discoveries at gobekli tepe are an exciting development. |
291 | 00:14:56,921 | 00:15:01,072 | Schiffman: Humans originally had a kind of idealistic life | Schiffman: Humans originally had a kind of idealistic life |
292 | 00:15:01,081 | 00:15:03,152 | Where everything was given to them, | Where everything was given to them, |
293 | 00:15:03,161 | 00:15:05,799 | But then as a result of a transgression, | But then as a result of a transgression, |
294 | 00:15:05,874 | 00:15:08,359 | They end up having to really support themselves | They end up having to really support themselves |
295 | 00:15:08,434 | 00:15:10,839 | By very, very great toil and great effort. | By very, very great toil and great effort. |
296 | 00:15:12,601 | 00:15:16,279 | Mastrelli: Now researchers believe the rituals celebrated | Mastrelli: Now researchers believe the rituals celebrated |
297 | 00:15:16,354 | 00:15:19,792 | By people of gobekli tepe may have been the trigger | By people of gobekli tepe may have been the trigger |
298 | 00:15:19,801 | 00:15:23,159 | For a revolution in their way of living. | For a revolution in their way of living. |
299 | 00:15:23,234 | 00:15:25,319 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
300 | 00:15:25,394 | 00:15:29,439 | Dr. Reinder neef is a specialist in ancient plants. | Dr. Reinder neef is a specialist in ancient plants. |
301 | 00:15:32,114 | 00:15:33,872 | Neef: They were probably experimenting | Neef: They were probably experimenting |
302 | 00:15:33,881 | 00:15:35,712 | With cultivation of cereals, | With cultivation of cereals, |
303 | 00:15:35,721 | 00:15:38,592 | And that is something which you can expect from people | And that is something which you can expect from people |
304 | 00:15:38,601 | 00:15:41,712 | Who are building such incredible monuments. | Who are building such incredible monuments. |
305 | 00:15:41,721 | 00:15:43,479 | They were experimenting, | They were experimenting, |
306 | 00:15:43,554 | 00:15:47,399 | And not only with stone but also with plant material. | And not only with stone but also with plant material. |
307 | 00:15:48,754 | 00:15:51,072 | Mastrelli: Scientists think gobekli tepe | Mastrelli: Scientists think gobekli tepe |
308 | 00:15:51,081 | 00:15:53,959 | Was blessed with the perfect grassland environment | Was blessed with the perfect grassland environment |
309 | 00:15:54,034 | 00:15:57,792 | To begin humanity's experiment with plant cultivation. | To begin humanity's experiment with plant cultivation. |
310 | 00:15:57,801 | 00:16:00,272 | (grass rustling) (gentle music) | (grass rustling) (gentle music) |
311 | 00:16:00,281 | 00:16:03,399 | But what caused mobile hunter-gatherers | But what caused mobile hunter-gatherers |
312 | 00:16:03,474 | 00:16:06,439 | To start focusing on immobile crops? | To start focusing on immobile crops? |
313 | 00:16:07,954 | 00:16:11,079 | Now, archeologists may have found the spark | Now, archeologists may have found the spark |
314 | 00:16:11,154 | 00:16:13,392 | That ignited the flame of farming. | That ignited the flame of farming. |
315 | 00:16:13,401 | 00:16:16,119 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
316 | 00:16:16,194 | 00:16:19,239 | It came with the discovery of a collection of huge, | It came with the discovery of a collection of huge, |
317 | 00:16:19,314 | 00:16:22,519 | 40-gallon stone troughs at gobekli tepe. | 40-gallon stone troughs at gobekli tepe. |
318 | 00:16:25,401 | 00:16:27,799 | A gray residue on the inner surface of some | A gray residue on the inner surface of some |
319 | 00:16:27,874 | 00:16:31,639 | Of the troughs offered an opportunity for analysis. | Of the troughs offered an opportunity for analysis. |
320 | 00:16:33,074 | 00:16:36,639 | On a hunch, the team sent a sample to southern germany. | On a hunch, the team sent a sample to southern germany. |
321 | 00:16:38,201 | 00:16:39,712 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
322 | 00:16:39,721 | 00:16:42,599 | Dr. Martin zarnkow is a bio-technologist | Dr. Martin zarnkow is a bio-technologist |
323 | 00:16:42,674 | 00:16:45,279 | With a lab at the technical university of munich. | With a lab at the technical university of munich. |
324 | 00:16:47,874 | 00:16:51,519 | His team prepared the residue from gobekli tepe for testing | His team prepared the residue from gobekli tepe for testing |
325 | 00:16:54,594 | 00:16:57,359 | And discovered a surprising result. | And discovered a surprising result. |
326 | 00:17:00,114 | 00:17:04,279 | The analysis suggests that the 11,000-year-old stone troughs | The analysis suggests that the 11,000-year-old stone troughs |
327 | 00:17:04,354 | 00:17:08,119 | Of gobekli tepe contained beer. | Of gobekli tepe contained beer. |
328 | 00:17:08,194 | 00:17:11,392 | Zarnkow: I believe there is a good possibility | Zarnkow: I believe there is a good possibility |
329 | 00:17:11,401 | 00:17:13,392 | That beer was inside these vessels, | That beer was inside these vessels, |
330 | 00:17:13,401 | 00:17:15,559 | But you cannot be absolutely sure. | But you cannot be absolutely sure. |
331 | 00:17:15,634 | 00:17:17,152 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
332 | 00:17:17,161 | 00:17:19,632 | Mastrelli: Troughs full of stone age beer | Mastrelli: Troughs full of stone age beer |
333 | 00:17:19,641 | 00:17:24,192 | May have been a key component of gobekli's ritual feasts, | May have been a key component of gobekli's ritual feasts, |
334 | 00:17:24,201 | 00:17:25,952 | And the bigger the celebration, | And the bigger the celebration, |
335 | 00:17:25,961 | 00:17:29,399 | The greater the need for cereal to supply the brewers. | The greater the need for cereal to supply the brewers. |
336 | 00:17:30,521 | 00:17:31,799 | Notroff: Organizing a feast, | Notroff: Organizing a feast, |
337 | 00:17:31,874 | 00:17:34,119 | Including these huge amounts of meat | Including these huge amounts of meat |
338 | 00:17:34,194 | 00:17:36,512 | And maybe the alcoholic beverages, | And maybe the alcoholic beverages, |
339 | 00:17:36,521 | 00:17:39,959 | Might put some stress to an economy based on hunting. | Might put some stress to an economy based on hunting. |
340 | 00:17:40,034 | 00:17:41,552 | (dramatic music) (tribal people chatting) | (dramatic music) (tribal people chatting) |
341 | 00:17:41,561 | 00:17:44,352 | Mastrelli: Any party must be well supplied. | Mastrelli: Any party must be well supplied. |
342 | 00:17:44,361 | 00:17:47,159 | Nobody's happy when the refreshments runs dry. | Nobody's happy when the refreshments runs dry. |
343 | 00:17:48,041 | 00:17:52,039 | In order to adequately supply their stone age festival, | In order to adequately supply their stone age festival, |
344 | 00:17:52,114 | 00:17:53,719 | The people of gobekli tepe | The people of gobekli tepe |
345 | 00:17:53,794 | 00:17:57,072 | Needed a reliable source of sustenance, | Needed a reliable source of sustenance, |
346 | 00:17:57,081 | 00:17:59,279 | So they turned to their crops. | So they turned to their crops. |
347 | 00:18:00,841 | 00:18:03,392 | Notroff: These people were already gathering plants | Notroff: These people were already gathering plants |
348 | 00:18:03,401 | 00:18:05,152 | And were nourishing on plants, | And were nourishing on plants, |
349 | 00:18:05,161 | 00:18:07,719 | And whether it was some kind of gruel, | And whether it was some kind of gruel, |
350 | 00:18:07,794 | 00:18:09,239 | Or if it really was beer, | Or if it really was beer, |
351 | 00:18:09,314 | 00:18:11,559 | This might have been the stimulus to farming. | This might have been the stimulus to farming. |
352 | 00:18:13,234 | 00:18:15,392 | Mastrelli: If this theory is correct, | Mastrelli: If this theory is correct, |
353 | 00:18:15,401 | 00:18:18,119 | The single most important turning point in the history | The single most important turning point in the history |
354 | 00:18:18,194 | 00:18:23,159 | Of civilization may have been caused by the craft brewers | Of civilization may have been caused by the craft brewers |
355 | 00:18:23,401 | 00:18:24,599 | Of the stone age. | Of the stone age. |
356 | 00:18:25,954 | 00:18:27,472 | (insects chattering) (dramatic music) | (insects chattering) (dramatic music) |
357 | 00:18:27,481 | 00:18:30,119 | At gobekli tepe ancestor worship | At gobekli tepe ancestor worship |
358 | 00:18:30,194 | 00:18:32,352 | And ritual were bringing a nomadic | And ritual were bringing a nomadic |
359 | 00:18:32,361 | 00:18:34,079 | Hunter-gatherers together. | Hunter-gatherers together. |
360 | 00:18:35,241 | 00:18:36,839 | Out of the need to provide | Out of the need to provide |
361 | 00:18:36,914 | 00:18:40,639 | For that immense social upheaval, farming was born. | For that immense social upheaval, farming was born. |
362 | 00:18:42,434 | 00:18:46,439 | Anthropologists call it the neolithic revolution. | Anthropologists call it the neolithic revolution. |
363 | 00:18:47,561 | 00:18:49,079 | Rose: This period of time is the most | Rose: This period of time is the most |
364 | 00:18:49,154 | 00:18:51,632 | Fundamental revolution in all of human history, | Fundamental revolution in all of human history, |
365 | 00:18:51,641 | 00:18:53,072 | And the fact that even today | And the fact that even today |
366 | 00:18:53,081 | 00:18:55,152 | We still eat porridge for breakfast. | We still eat porridge for breakfast. |
367 | 00:18:55,161 | 00:18:56,912 | You know, we have cereal grains. | You know, we have cereal grains. |
368 | 00:18:56,921 | 00:19:00,199 | That all happened because of the neolithic revolution. | That all happened because of the neolithic revolution. |
369 | 00:19:00,274 | 00:19:05,239 | What gobekli does give us is a window into this revolution. | What gobekli does give us is a window into this revolution. |
370 | 00:19:05,314 | 00:19:08,119 | The first piece of the puzzle was, was religion. | The first piece of the puzzle was, was religion. |
371 | 00:19:08,194 | 00:19:10,679 | (dramatic music) | (dramatic music) |
372 | 00:19:10,754 | 00:19:14,199 | Mastrelli: The discoveries made at gobekli tepe are rewriting | Mastrelli: The discoveries made at gobekli tepe are rewriting |
373 | 00:19:14,274 | 00:19:17,879 | The textbook on the origins of farming and civilization. | The textbook on the origins of farming and civilization. |
374 | 00:19:19,721 | 00:19:22,919 | It's a story echoed in the bible's old testament, | It's a story echoed in the bible's old testament, |
375 | 00:19:22,994 | 00:19:26,759 | Where adam and eve suffered a fall from grace, | Where adam and eve suffered a fall from grace, |
376 | 00:19:26,834 | 00:19:30,159 | And were sent from eden to work the land. | And were sent from eden to work the land. |
377 | 00:19:31,001 | 00:19:33,472 | Rose: After adam eats the fruit of knowledge, | Rose: After adam eats the fruit of knowledge, |
378 | 00:19:33,481 | 00:19:35,792 | He's sentenced to have to toil the fields | He's sentenced to have to toil the fields |
379 | 00:19:35,801 | 00:19:37,399 | By the sweat of his own brow. | By the sweat of his own brow. |
380 | 00:19:38,441 | 00:19:40,912 | What is this fruit of knowledge? | What is this fruit of knowledge? |
381 | 00:19:40,921 | 00:19:43,399 | In some jewish traditions it is a grain of wheat. | In some jewish traditions it is a grain of wheat. |
382 | 00:19:45,321 | 00:19:46,679 | Some have suggested this | Some have suggested this |
383 | 00:19:46,754 | 00:19:49,159 | Symbolizes the transition to farming, | Symbolizes the transition to farming, |
384 | 00:19:49,234 | 00:19:51,712 | The transition to having to produce our own food. | The transition to having to produce our own food. |
385 | 00:19:51,721 | 00:19:54,399 | (gentle music) | (gentle music) |
386 | 00:19:56,274 | 00:19:58,039 | Mastrelli: The hunter -gatherer tribes | Mastrelli: The hunter -gatherer tribes |
387 | 00:19:58,114 | 00:20:02,112 | Congregating at gobekli tepe 11,000 years ago | Congregating at gobekli tepe 11,000 years ago |
388 | 00:20:02,121 | 00:20:05,199 | Had started down the path of organized religion, | Had started down the path of organized religion, |
389 | 00:20:06,281 | 00:20:08,839 | Sowing the seeds of a wider culture, | Sowing the seeds of a wider culture, |
390 | 00:20:09,721 | 00:20:12,799 | Paving the way for the agricultural revolution, | Paving the way for the agricultural revolution, |
391 | 00:20:13,714 | 00:20:17,559 | And kick-starting civilization itself. | And kick-starting civilization itself. |
392 | 00:20:19,154 | 00:20:21,399 | (gentle piano music) (fire crackling) | (gentle piano music) (fire crackling) |
393 | 00:20:21,474 | 00:20:24,272 | Thousands of years before the garden of eden story | Thousands of years before the garden of eden story |
394 | 00:20:24,281 | 00:20:27,479 | Was written down, hunter-gatherers congregated | Was written down, hunter-gatherers congregated |
395 | 00:20:27,554 | 00:20:31,632 | At gobekli tepe to worship their ancestors. | At gobekli tepe to worship their ancestors. |
396 | 00:20:31,641 | 00:20:34,919 | There they lit the fuse of religion, | There they lit the fuse of religion, |
397 | 00:20:34,994 | 00:20:39,399 | Building an extraordinary monument in a land of plenty. | Building an extraordinary monument in a land of plenty. |
398 | 00:20:42,361 | 00:20:45,712 | To fuel their ritual feasts and celebrations, | To fuel their ritual feasts and celebrations, |
399 | 00:20:45,721 | 00:20:48,999 | They took advantage of the wild grasses on their doorstep. | They took advantage of the wild grasses on their doorstep. |
400 | 00:20:51,714 | 00:20:55,479 | Unwittingly, they set off down the path toward civilization. | Unwittingly, they set off down the path toward civilization. |
401 | 00:20:56,514 | 00:20:58,279 | (sheep bleating) (gentle music) | (sheep bleating) (gentle music) |
402 | 00:20:58,354 | 00:21:00,839 | When the community at gobekli tepe had finally moved on | When the community at gobekli tepe had finally moved on |
403 | 00:21:00,914 | 00:21:03,319 | From their hunter -gatherer existence, | From their hunter -gatherer existence, |
404 | 00:21:04,594 | 00:21:06,719 | Their monument ceased to have meaning. | Their monument ceased to have meaning. |
405 | 00:21:08,034 | 00:21:10,039 | The enclosures were buried, | The enclosures were buried, |
406 | 00:21:10,114 | 00:21:14,352 | Laying to rest an old -fashioned existence. | Laying to rest an old -fashioned existence. |
407 | 00:21:14,361 | 00:21:16,992 | Peters: In the end it was given up | Peters: In the end it was given up |
408 | 00:21:17,001 | 00:21:18,439 | Because the hunter-gatherer way | Because the hunter-gatherer way |
409 | 00:21:18,514 | 00:21:21,639 | Was replaced by a farming way of life. | Was replaced by a farming way of life. |
410 | 00:21:23,401 | 00:21:26,839 | Rose: As far as a historical perspective of our species, | Rose: As far as a historical perspective of our species, |
411 | 00:21:26,914 | 00:21:29,559 | This was the biggest moment in our history. | This was the biggest moment in our history. |
412 | 00:21:29,634 | 00:21:32,839 | (bright uptempo music) | (bright uptempo music) |
413 | 00:21:37,394 | 00:21:39,079 | Mastrelli: It's an extraordinary moment, no doubt. | Mastrelli: It's an extraordinary moment, no doubt. |
414 | 00:21:39,154 | 00:21:41,312 | The garden of eden, the fall of man, | The garden of eden, the fall of man, |
415 | 00:21:41,321 | 00:21:44,919 | The dawn of agriculture all bundled into one. | The dawn of agriculture all bundled into one. |
416 | 00:21:44,994 | 00:21:47,552 | It deserves to be properly memorialized | It deserves to be properly memorialized |
417 | 00:21:47,561 | 00:21:49,159 | With a little of the good stuff. | With a little of the good stuff. |
418 | 00:21:52,354 | 00:21:55,559 | After all it's home-brewed beer that kick started it all. | After all it's home-brewed beer that kick started it all. |