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1 00:02:08,360 00:02:11,859 Shake this square world and blast off for Kicksville. Shake this square world and blast off for Kicksville.
2 00:02:11,860 00:02:15,599 Public enemy number one is drug abuse. Public enemy number one is drug abuse.
3 00:02:15,600 00:02:17,129 Just say no. Just say no.
4 00:02:17,130 00:02:19,329 Halting the drug problem in America Halting the drug problem in America
5 00:02:19,331 00:02:21,250 is like carrying water in a sieve. is like carrying water in a sieve.
6 00:02:23,140 00:02:27,809 Take my word for it, this scourge will stop! Take my word for it, this scourge will stop!
7 00:02:27,810 00:02:29,079 There's now an understanding There's now an understanding
8 00:02:29,080 00:02:31,920 that the war on drugs was an abject failure. that the war on drugs was an abject failure.
9 00:02:33,492 00:02:36,670 You have to stop and ask yourself, how did we get here? You have to stop and ask yourself, how did we get here?
10 00:02:37,150 00:02:39,539 We will build a wall. We will build a wall.
11 00:04:02,300 00:04:04,639 The Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia, The Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia,
12 00:04:04,640 00:04:05,909 known as the FARC, known as the FARC,
13 00:04:05,910 00:04:08,639 is the most powerful guerrilla group in the country. is the most powerful guerrilla group in the country.
14 00:04:08,640 00:04:10,709 They control the areas where large amounts They control the areas where large amounts
15 00:04:10,710 00:04:13,180 of the world's cocaine is produced. of the world's cocaine is produced.
16 00:04:19,120 00:04:21,120 They are known as paramilitaries. They are known as paramilitaries.
17 00:04:21,122 00:04:23,775 They celebrate a legend of heroic defiance They celebrate a legend of heroic defiance
18 00:04:23,777 00:04:25,129 against the kidnappers. against the kidnappers.
19 00:04:25,130 00:04:27,599 The mission is to achieve what the army cannot: The mission is to achieve what the army cannot:
20 00:04:27,600 00:04:29,230 defeat the guerrillas. defeat the guerrillas.
21 00:07:19,998 00:07:23,169 12 died and more than 200 passersby were injured 12 died and more than 200 passersby were injured
22 00:07:23,170 00:07:25,039 in this recent explosion. in this recent explosion.
23 00:07:25,040 00:07:27,053 Another outrage was to follow, Another outrage was to follow,
24 00:07:27,055 00:07:30,109 this time there was no mistaking the culprit's identity. this time there was no mistaking the culprit's identity.
25 00:07:30,110 00:07:32,290 They'd left their signature at the scene. They'd left their signature at the scene.
26 00:07:41,990 00:07:44,389 Pablo Escobar couldn't stay out of the public eye, Pablo Escobar couldn't stay out of the public eye,
27 00:07:44,390 00:07:46,073 and that's what killed him. and that's what killed him.
28 00:07:46,893 00:07:48,585 He died in a hail of bullets He died in a hail of bullets
29 00:07:48,587 00:07:50,659 as he tried to get away across a roof. as he tried to get away across a roof.
30 00:08:18,160 00:08:21,996 In December 1993, after Pablo Escobar is killed, In December 1993, after Pablo Escobar is killed,
31 00:08:21,998 00:08:24,500 there is a power vacuum. there is a power vacuum.
32 00:08:47,190 00:08:49,389 The FARC embraced drugs The FARC embraced drugs
33 00:08:49,390 00:08:52,805 and used them to fund the revolutionary struggle and used them to fund the revolutionary struggle
34 00:08:52,807 00:08:54,659 and the growth of the FARC, and the growth of the FARC,
35 00:08:54,660 00:08:58,969 and the growth of coca crops in Colombia is a parallel line. and the growth of coca crops in Colombia is a parallel line.
36 00:08:58,971 00:09:01,826 Wherever the coca is, you tend to find the FARC. Wherever the coca is, you tend to find the FARC.
37 00:10:46,896 00:10:50,704 Carlos is the public face, extremely charismatic. Carlos is the public face, extremely charismatic.
38 00:12:04,720 00:12:06,259 He wasn't from Medellín. He wasn't from Medellín.
39 00:12:06,260 00:12:08,915 He was actually from Tuluá on the Pacific coast. He was actually from Tuluá on the Pacific coast.
40 00:12:09,875 00:12:12,699 It is rumored that he was, for a short time, It is rumored that he was, for a short time,
41 00:12:12,701 00:12:14,021 a left-wing guerrilla. a left-wing guerrilla.
42 00:12:27,570 00:12:29,809 He is what we call a "lavaperro," He is what we call a "lavaperro,"
43 00:12:29,810 00:12:33,205 which is like the lowest rung in the criminal structure. which is like the lowest rung in the criminal structure.
44 00:12:33,207 00:12:35,254 It literally means a dog washer. It literally means a dog washer.
45 00:12:35,731 00:12:38,176 And he proves his worth very quickly. And he proves his worth very quickly.
46 00:12:44,798 00:12:48,225 The guerrillas try and muscle in on the cartel. The guerrillas try and muscle in on the cartel.
47 00:12:48,936 00:12:51,169 Berna says, "Let me take care of this," Berna says, "Let me take care of this,"
48 00:12:51,170 00:12:54,411 and there is a series of bloody shootouts and there is a series of bloody shootouts
49 00:12:54,413 00:12:57,952 in which Berna takes anything up to 11 bullets and loses his leg. in which Berna takes anything up to 11 bullets and loses his leg.
50 00:12:58,115 00:12:59,352 But they win. But they win.
51 00:13:02,001 00:13:04,275 Berna's not the most handsome man. Berna's not the most handsome man.
52 00:13:04,764 00:13:07,250 He was a lot less handsome after he lost his leg He was a lot less handsome after he lost his leg
53 00:13:07,252 00:13:10,193 and took a bullet through the cheek and various other things. and took a bullet through the cheek and various other things.
54 00:13:11,028 00:13:14,720 This does not hamper his criminal career at all. This does not hamper his criminal career at all.
55 00:13:32,940 00:13:34,536 Pablo Escobar not only Pablo Escobar not only
56 00:13:34,538 00:13:35,919 was a drug trafficker, was a drug trafficker,
57 00:13:35,921 00:13:37,998 but he was also an entrepreneur of violence. but he was also an entrepreneur of violence.
58 00:13:38,498 00:13:41,419 And he created different groups, gangs. And he created different groups, gangs.
59 00:13:41,420 00:13:43,335 When he dies, there's a vacuum, When he dies, there's a vacuum,
60 00:13:44,401 00:13:48,591 and many of those gangs are left with who controls it. and many of those gangs are left with who controls it.
61 00:14:05,938 00:14:09,649 Don Berna learnt a key lesson from Escobar, Don Berna learnt a key lesson from Escobar,
62 00:14:11,079 00:14:14,767 which is never become visible; remain in the shadows. which is never become visible; remain in the shadows.
63 00:14:15,619 00:14:18,262 He arguably becomes more powerful He arguably becomes more powerful
64 00:14:18,264 00:14:20,140 than Pablo Escobar ever was. than Pablo Escobar ever was.
65 00:16:07,700 00:16:10,448 And the message is clear: We're coming. And the message is clear: We're coming.
66 00:16:59,556 00:17:01,943 People living in Mapiripán were suspected People living in Mapiripán were suspected
67 00:17:01,945 00:17:05,062 of helping the FARC, providing them with food and shelter. of helping the FARC, providing them with food and shelter.
68 00:17:23,431 00:17:25,163 As the paramilitaries entered, As the paramilitaries entered,
69 00:17:25,165 00:17:27,329 they marked the town as their territory. they marked the town as their territory.
70 00:17:36,763 00:17:38,833 Villagers were taken from their homes. Villagers were taken from their homes.
71 00:17:38,835 00:17:40,947 The killing began in the main street. The killing began in the main street.
72 00:18:10,627 00:18:13,219 Three villagers were publicly executed, Three villagers were publicly executed,
73 00:18:13,220 00:18:15,120 beheaded with chainsaws. beheaded with chainsaws.
74 00:18:17,431 00:18:19,000 Many more perished. Many more perished.
75 00:18:27,152 00:18:30,340 None of the dead wore uniforms or carried guns. None of the dead wore uniforms or carried guns.
76 00:19:48,780 00:19:51,346 ¡Uno, dos, tres! ¡Uno, dos, tres!
77 00:20:19,410 00:20:23,176 The cocaine trade hid in Colombia's civil conflict. The cocaine trade hid in Colombia's civil conflict.
78 00:20:25,019 00:20:28,398 And suddenly we have a right-wing And suddenly we have a right-wing
79 00:20:28,400 00:20:30,889 anti-subversive paramilitarism anti-subversive paramilitarism
80 00:20:30,890 00:20:34,269 which is welcomed in so many parts of Colombia which is welcomed in so many parts of Colombia
81 00:20:34,271 00:20:36,857 against the guerrillas who were kidnapping and extorting. against the guerrillas who were kidnapping and extorting.
82 00:20:37,294 00:20:40,235 But this is just the new Medellín Cartel. But this is just the new Medellín Cartel.
83 00:20:41,305 00:20:42,732 But it's cleverer. But it's cleverer.
84 00:20:43,040 00:20:46,728 It's got a political façade, it's militarized. It's got a political façade, it's militarized.
85 00:23:25,997 00:23:27,199 - Stop? - Yeah. - Stop? - Yeah.
86 00:23:27,200 00:23:28,400 Okay. Okay.
87 00:23:48,760 00:23:49,960 The Oficina de Envigado The Oficina de Envigado
88 00:23:49,961 00:23:52,904 was originally established to mediate, was originally established to mediate,
89 00:23:53,092 00:23:55,199 to collect money that was owed. to collect money that was owed.
90 00:23:55,200 00:23:57,717 And it was almost like an internal affairs And it was almost like an internal affairs
91 00:23:57,719 00:23:59,687 operation of sorts. operation of sorts.
92 00:24:02,207 00:24:05,839 Don Berna made it clear, "I'm taking this over," Don Berna made it clear, "I'm taking this over,"
93 00:24:05,840 00:24:07,603 and if there's any pushback, and if there's any pushback,
94 00:24:10,103 00:24:11,623 "you're gonna have to deal with it." "you're gonna have to deal with it."
95 00:24:12,589 00:24:16,399 And he turns this vehicle into his bid And he turns this vehicle into his bid
96 00:24:16,401 00:24:18,238 to take control of Medellín. to take control of Medellín.
97 00:24:23,390 00:24:27,424 And he begins to scoop up a lot of the criminal infrastructure And he begins to scoop up a lot of the criminal infrastructure
98 00:24:27,426 00:24:30,931 and set up these debt-collecting agencies, or oficinas, and set up these debt-collecting agencies, or oficinas,
99 00:24:30,933 00:24:33,533 all around Medellín, and they all answer to him. all around Medellín, and they all answer to him.
100 00:24:40,193 00:24:42,799 He understands that his rise to power He understands that his rise to power
101 00:24:42,801 00:24:47,265 and his own control of power depends on his good standing and his own control of power depends on his good standing
102 00:24:47,267 00:24:49,629 with the security state and with politicians. with the security state and with politicians.
103 00:24:55,074 00:24:56,934 Corruption at all levels Corruption at all levels
104 00:24:56,936 00:24:58,603 was going through the roof. was going through the roof.
105 00:24:58,605 00:25:00,511 He would do things that would help the authorities, He would do things that would help the authorities,
106 00:25:00,512 00:25:03,638 and sometimes the authorities would do things to help him. and sometimes the authorities would do things to help him.
107 00:25:03,640 00:25:06,135 They did operations together sometimes. They did operations together sometimes.
108 00:27:56,765 00:27:59,954 So nothing really occurred unless Don Berna So nothing really occurred unless Don Berna
109 00:27:59,956 00:28:02,634 or his higher infrastructure approved it. or his higher infrastructure approved it.
110 00:28:09,987 00:28:13,050 People often refer to homeless people People often refer to homeless people
111 00:28:13,052 00:28:15,188 or these homeless children and so forth, or these homeless children and so forth,
112 00:28:15,190 00:28:18,360 they call them "desechables," like the throw-aways. they call them "desechables," like the throw-aways.
113 00:28:19,816 00:28:23,829 And somebody's considered a desechable, a disposable person, And somebody's considered a desechable, a disposable person,
114 00:28:23,830 00:28:25,474 doesn't mean you can go out and kill them, doesn't mean you can go out and kill them,
115 00:28:25,970 00:28:28,528 but that's what they did, they cleaned up the streets. but that's what they did, they cleaned up the streets.
116 00:28:37,879 00:28:41,447 And there was a scourge of those kind of folks, And there was a scourge of those kind of folks,
117 00:28:42,666 00:28:46,087 people disappeared, people got killed, people got displaced. people disappeared, people got killed, people got displaced.
118 00:28:46,689 00:28:48,228 They cleaned up the city, They cleaned up the city,
119 00:28:48,640 00:28:53,707 and I think there was some sense that at certain levels... and I think there was some sense that at certain levels...
120 00:28:55,431 00:28:58,800 In other words, it was accepted because of the outcome. In other words, it was accepted because of the outcome.
121 00:29:11,293 00:29:14,572 Berna sees what the paramilitaries are doing, Berna sees what the paramilitaries are doing,
122 00:29:14,820 00:29:19,080 and he goes, "This is an extraordinary business model, and he goes, "This is an extraordinary business model,
123 00:29:19,082 00:29:20,282 I want in." I want in."
124 00:29:47,363 00:29:48,861 So, there's lots of problems So, there's lots of problems
125 00:29:48,863 00:29:50,495 within the paramilitary army. within the paramilitary army.
126 00:29:50,497 00:29:52,398 If someone loses a load If someone loses a load
127 00:29:52,400 00:29:55,520 or someone sleeps with someone else's wife, or someone sleeps with someone else's wife,
128 00:29:55,705 00:29:58,335 normally in the drug trafficking world, there's violence. normally in the drug trafficking world, there's violence.
129 00:29:58,337 00:30:01,595 Berna says, "No, we can sort this out." Berna says, "No, we can sort this out."
130 00:30:03,330 00:30:04,923 He's not always successful, He's not always successful,
131 00:30:05,352 00:30:07,695 but what he does is he begins to put discipline but what he does is he begins to put discipline
132 00:30:07,697 00:30:09,457 on the paramilitary movement. on the paramilitary movement.
133 00:31:01,720 00:31:03,450 Vicente's got a stutter, Vicente's got a stutter,
134 00:31:03,452 00:31:07,601 not remotely charismatic, but super able at the business side. not remotely charismatic, but super able at the business side.
135 00:31:08,260 00:31:12,395 And they turn the paramilitary army, And they turn the paramilitary army,
136 00:31:12,397 00:31:15,774 and this need to counteract the advance and this need to counteract the advance
137 00:31:15,776 00:31:17,376 of the Marxist guerrillas, of the Marxist guerrillas,
138 00:31:17,595 00:31:21,288 into a nationwide criminal network, into a nationwide criminal network,
139 00:31:21,290 00:31:23,920 a VIP club for drug traffickers. a VIP club for drug traffickers.
140 00:31:25,542 00:31:27,407 And people begin to realize And people begin to realize
141 00:31:27,409 00:31:31,865 this is just the most powerful drug cartel there is; this is just the most powerful drug cartel there is;
142 00:31:31,867 00:31:34,889 dwarfs the power of the Medellín Cartel. dwarfs the power of the Medellín Cartel.
143 00:31:34,890 00:31:37,039 And at that stage the paramilitaries And at that stage the paramilitaries
144 00:31:37,041 00:31:39,435 are the most powerful criminal syndicate on the planet. are the most powerful criminal syndicate on the planet.
145 00:31:39,814 00:31:41,063 Muchas gracias. Muchas gracias.
146 00:31:55,780 00:31:58,517 And there really is a fear in Colombian society And there really is a fear in Colombian society
147 00:31:58,519 00:32:01,020 and also at high levels of government and also at high levels of government
148 00:32:01,022 00:32:04,858 that the FARC are actually gonna manage to take over the country. that the FARC are actually gonna manage to take over the country.
149 00:32:14,114 00:32:15,745 The main road to Medellín The main road to Medellín
150 00:32:15,747 00:32:17,455 sometimes was a week closed sometimes was a week closed
151 00:32:17,457 00:32:19,478 because of attacks from the FARC to the road. because of attacks from the FARC to the road.
152 00:32:19,480 00:32:21,819 Bogotá is surrounded by FARC fronts. Bogotá is surrounded by FARC fronts.
153 00:32:21,821 00:32:24,446 They were getting ready to take over the capital. They were getting ready to take over the capital.
154 00:32:26,510 00:32:29,209 People were abandoning Colombia massively; People were abandoning Colombia massively;
155 00:32:29,210 00:32:31,778 everybody was seeing Colombia as a sinking ship. everybody was seeing Colombia as a sinking ship.
156 00:32:31,780 00:32:34,548 And frankly, when you saw the growth of the FARC, And frankly, when you saw the growth of the FARC,
157 00:32:34,550 00:32:36,040 the growth of the paramilitaries, the growth of the paramilitaries,
158 00:32:36,042 00:32:37,482 it was hard not to think it was hard not to think
159 00:32:37,484 00:32:41,020 that Colombia could become a narco state or a failed state. that Colombia could become a narco state or a failed state.
160 00:32:48,481 00:32:50,673 We got to stand by these democracies, We got to stand by these democracies,
161 00:32:51,631 00:32:55,368 including, and especially tonight, Colombia, including, and especially tonight, Colombia,
162 00:32:55,370 00:32:57,481 which is fighting narco traffickers which is fighting narco traffickers
163 00:32:57,483 00:33:00,709 for its own people's lives and for our children's lives. for its own people's lives and for our children's lives.
164 00:33:00,710 00:33:03,228 I have proposed a strong two-year package I have proposed a strong two-year package
165 00:33:03,230 00:33:05,110 to help Colombia win this fight. to help Colombia win this fight.
166 00:33:21,627 00:33:24,578 Plan Colombia was this major billion-dollar effort Plan Colombia was this major billion-dollar effort
167 00:33:24,580 00:33:27,149 to bring the Colombian military up to snuff to bring the Colombian military up to snuff
168 00:33:27,151 00:33:30,095 to be able to take on the narco-traffickers. to be able to take on the narco-traffickers.
169 00:33:33,704 00:33:38,240 And that meant training, that meant weapons, technology. And that meant training, that meant weapons, technology.
170 00:33:40,950 00:33:44,284 It's also the point at which counter-narcotics It's also the point at which counter-narcotics
171 00:33:44,286 00:33:48,662 and counter-insurgency become explicitly the same thing. and counter-insurgency become explicitly the same thing.
172 00:33:49,220 00:33:50,683 Officially the United States Officially the United States
173 00:33:50,685 00:33:52,424 is fighting a war on drugs. is fighting a war on drugs.
174 00:33:52,426 00:33:54,732 In practice, it is bankrolling conflict In practice, it is bankrolling conflict
175 00:33:54,734 00:33:56,392 against communist guerrillas. against communist guerrillas.
176 00:34:01,370 00:34:05,223 The escalating threat of communist takeover The escalating threat of communist takeover
177 00:34:05,225 00:34:09,335 becomes the justification for increasingly overt alliance becomes the justification for increasingly overt alliance
178 00:34:09,337 00:34:13,083 with the narco-paramilitaries as the most effective with the narco-paramilitaries as the most effective
179 00:34:13,085 00:34:15,833 fighting force against the rising communist menace. fighting force against the rising communist menace.
180 00:35:37,945 00:35:41,063 America's war on drugs ignores the paramilitaries. America's war on drugs ignores the paramilitaries.
181 00:35:41,270 00:35:43,909 Instead, government helicopters protect planes Instead, government helicopters protect planes
182 00:35:43,911 00:35:46,232 dropping poison in the coca fields below. dropping poison in the coca fields below.
183 00:35:46,928 00:35:49,027 Their aim is to destroy the plantations Their aim is to destroy the plantations
184 00:35:49,029 00:35:50,415 controlled by the FARC. controlled by the FARC.
185 00:36:07,960 00:36:10,720 We have no relationship with the AUC. We have no relationship with the AUC.
186 00:36:11,970 00:36:15,866 By 2001, the extent of paramilitary involvement By 2001, the extent of paramilitary involvement
187 00:36:15,868 00:36:19,551 in the drug trade was too blatant to ignore. in the drug trade was too blatant to ignore.
188 00:36:20,090 00:36:22,932 They claim to wish to protect Colombian citizens They claim to wish to protect Colombian citizens
189 00:36:22,934 00:36:24,131 from other terrorist groups, from other terrorist groups,
190 00:36:24,133 00:36:26,586 but they then massacre and displace the same citizens, but they then massacre and displace the same citizens,
191 00:36:27,688 00:36:30,450 and they claim to stand against kidnapping and extortion, and they claim to stand against kidnapping and extortion,
192 00:36:30,581 00:36:33,072 and then engage in those very practices. and then engage in those very practices.
193 00:36:35,790 00:36:38,859 So, in this very weird twist of history, So, in this very weird twist of history,
194 00:36:38,860 00:36:43,199 the AUC gets designated an official terrorist organization the AUC gets designated an official terrorist organization
195 00:36:43,200 00:36:45,280 the day before September 11th. the day before September 11th.
196 00:36:46,887 00:36:48,939 And then everything changes again on 9/11. And then everything changes again on 9/11.
197 00:36:48,940 00:36:53,410 The war on terror and the war on drugs have now become one. The war on terror and the war on drugs have now become one.
198 00:38:17,307 00:38:18,865 Prudencia, muchachos. Prudencia, muchachos.
199 00:38:19,219 00:38:20,419 Prudencia. Prudencia.
200 00:38:26,790 00:38:30,285 President Uribe came up with the Justice and Peace Plan, President Uribe came up with the Justice and Peace Plan,
201 00:38:30,287 00:38:34,472 which would give benefits to paramilitary fighters which would give benefits to paramilitary fighters
202 00:38:34,474 00:38:38,183 who decided to come in, demobilize, disband, who decided to come in, demobilize, disband,
203 00:38:38,185 00:38:41,119 surrender their weapons, and stop drug trafficking surrender their weapons, and stop drug trafficking
204 00:38:41,121 00:38:42,761 and any crimes that they were involved in. and any crimes that they were involved in.
205 00:41:42,721 00:41:45,352 He wants to try to reap the benefits He wants to try to reap the benefits
206 00:41:45,354 00:41:47,090 of the Justice and Peace Law, of the Justice and Peace Law,
207 00:41:47,092 00:41:50,369 which basically says if you're a paramilitary and you surrender, which basically says if you're a paramilitary and you surrender,
208 00:41:50,370 00:41:52,642 you would be eligible for certain benefits you would be eligible for certain benefits
209 00:41:52,644 00:41:54,581 under the Justice and Peace Plan, under the Justice and Peace Plan,
210 00:41:54,910 00:41:58,687 which are very reduced sentences, under house arrest which are very reduced sentences, under house arrest
211 00:41:58,689 00:42:00,897 or some kind of minimal confinement. or some kind of minimal confinement.
212 00:42:24,532 00:42:26,916 The Americans and the Colombian public are seeing The Americans and the Colombian public are seeing
213 00:42:26,924 00:42:29,647 that this peace process is bordering on farce that this peace process is bordering on farce
214 00:42:29,649 00:42:33,280 as these guys continue to move drugs, live the high life. as these guys continue to move drugs, live the high life.
215 00:42:36,220 00:42:38,549 And so once the agreement is signed, And so once the agreement is signed,
216 00:42:38,550 00:42:40,813 the constitutional court changes all the rules, the constitutional court changes all the rules,
217 00:42:40,815 00:42:44,577 and they are suddenly sucked down into the prison system. and they are suddenly sucked down into the prison system.
218 00:42:44,579 00:42:48,532 And then in 2008, what they all feared, they're all extradited. And then in 2008, what they all feared, they're all extradited.
219 00:43:15,871 00:43:18,166 How do you measure the success of Plan Colombia? How do you measure the success of Plan Colombia?
220 00:43:18,168 00:43:19,347 It's Colombia itself. It's Colombia itself.
221 00:43:19,349 00:43:20,579 From a failed state From a failed state
222 00:43:20,581 00:43:23,599 to the darling of investment of what it is now. to the darling of investment of what it is now.
223 00:43:23,600 00:43:25,462 Colombia is a beacon of stability. Colombia is a beacon of stability.
224 00:43:26,726 00:43:28,726 Today people will tell you that Plan Colombia's Today people will tell you that Plan Colombia's
225 00:43:28,728 00:43:32,169 a success despite the human rights abuses a success despite the human rights abuses
226 00:43:32,171 00:43:33,928 let loose on the Colombian countryside. let loose on the Colombian countryside.
227 00:43:33,930 00:43:35,130 Vamos, vamos. Vamos, vamos.
228 00:43:35,889 00:43:38,940 If the war on drugs is in fact an effort to stop drugs If the war on drugs is in fact an effort to stop drugs
229 00:43:38,942 00:43:40,367 from entering the United States, from entering the United States,
230 00:43:40,369 00:43:42,512 it is clearly an abysmal failure. it is clearly an abysmal failure.
231 00:43:49,887 00:43:53,509 In that sense, we've poured billions of dollars into a hole In that sense, we've poured billions of dollars into a hole
232 00:43:53,511 00:43:54,800 and lit it on fire. and lit it on fire.