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1 | 00:02:08,360 | 00:02:11,860 | MAN: Shake this square world and blast off for Kicksville. | MAN: Shake this square world and blast off for Kicksville. |
2 | 00:02:11,860 | 00:02:15,600 | RICHARD NIXON: Public enemy number one is drug abuse. | RICHARD NIXON: Public enemy number one is drug abuse. |
3 | 00:02:15,600 | 00:02:17,130 | NANCY REAGAN: Just say no. | NANCY REAGAN: Just say no. |
4 | 00:02:17,130 | 00:02:19,070 | RONALD REAGAN: Halting the drug problem in America | RONALD REAGAN: Halting the drug problem in America |
5 | 00:02:19,070 | 00:02:23,140 | is like carrying water in a sieve. | is like carrying water in a sieve. |
6 | 00:02:23,140 | 00:02:27,810 | GEORGE H.W. BUSH: Take my word for it, this scourge will stop! | GEORGE H.W. BUSH: Take my word for it, this scourge will stop! |
7 | 00:02:27,810 | 00:02:29,080 | KAMALA HARRIS: There's now an understanding | KAMALA HARRIS: There's now an understanding |
8 | 00:02:29,080 | 00:02:33,680 | that the war on drugs was an abject failure. | that the war on drugs was an abject failure. |
9 | 00:02:33,680 | 00:02:37,150 | MAN: You have to stop and ask yourself, how did we get here? | MAN: You have to stop and ask yourself, how did we get here? |
10 | 00:02:37,150 | 00:02:40,290 | DONALD TRUMP: We will build a wall. | DONALD TRUMP: We will build a wall. |
11 | 00:02:40,290 | 00:02:50,200 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
12 | 00:02:59,780 | 00:03:15,490 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
13 | 00:03:39,820 | 00:03:41,320 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
14 | 00:03:41,320 | 00:03:43,350 | (explosion) | (explosion) |
15 | 00:03:43,350 | 00:03:46,120 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
16 | 00:03:53,360 | 00:03:55,860 | (explosions) | (explosions) |
17 | 00:03:55,870 | 00:03:56,900 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
18 | 00:03:56,900 | 00:04:02,300 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
19 | 00:04:02,300 | 00:04:04,640 | REPORTER: The Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia, | REPORTER: The Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia, |
20 | 00:04:04,640 | 00:04:05,910 | known as the FARC, | known as the FARC, |
21 | 00:04:05,910 | 00:04:08,640 | is the most powerful guerrilla group in the country. | is the most powerful guerrilla group in the country. |
22 | 00:04:08,640 | 00:04:10,710 | They control the areas where large amounts | They control the areas where large amounts |
23 | 00:04:10,710 | 00:04:13,180 | of the world's cocaine is produced. | of the world's cocaine is produced. |
24 | 00:04:13,180 | 00:04:19,120 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
25 | 00:04:19,120 | 00:04:21,120 | REPORTER: They are known as paramilitaries. | REPORTER: They are known as paramilitaries. |
26 | 00:04:21,120 | 00:04:23,590 | They celebrate a legend of heroic defiance | They celebrate a legend of heroic defiance |
27 | 00:04:23,590 | 00:04:25,130 | against the kidnappers. | against the kidnappers. |
28 | 00:04:25,130 | 00:04:27,590 | The mission is to achieve what the army cannot: | The mission is to achieve what the army cannot: |
29 | 00:04:27,600 | 00:04:29,230 | defeat the guerrillas. | defeat the guerrillas. |
30 | 00:04:34,600 | 00:04:36,870 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
31 | 00:04:36,870 | 00:05:14,780 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
32 | 00:05:14,780 | 00:05:20,150 | (siren) | (siren) |
33 | 00:05:43,340 | 00:05:49,240 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
34 | 00:05:57,220 | 00:06:01,150 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
35 | 00:06:01,160 | 00:06:07,190 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
36 | 00:07:20,170 | 00:07:23,170 | REPORTER: 12 died and more than 200 passersby were injured | REPORTER: 12 died and more than 200 passersby were injured |
37 | 00:07:23,170 | 00:07:25,040 | in this recent explosion. | in this recent explosion. |
38 | 00:07:25,040 | 00:07:26,970 | Another outrage was to follow, | Another outrage was to follow, |
39 | 00:07:26,980 | 00:07:30,110 | this time there was no mistaking the culprit's identity. | this time there was no mistaking the culprit's identity. |
40 | 00:07:30,110 | 00:07:32,850 | They'd left their signature at the scene. | They'd left their signature at the scene. |
41 | 00:07:32,850 | 00:07:40,390 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
42 | 00:07:41,990 | 00:07:44,390 | REPORTER: Pablo Escobar couldn't stay out of the public eye, | REPORTER: Pablo Escobar couldn't stay out of the public eye, |
43 | 00:07:44,390 | 00:07:46,860 | and that's what killed him. | and that's what killed him. |
44 | 00:07:46,860 | 00:07:48,330 | He died in a hail of bullets | He died in a hail of bullets |
45 | 00:07:48,330 | 00:07:50,830 | as he tried to get away across a roof. | as he tried to get away across a roof. |
46 | 00:08:18,160 | 00:08:21,830 | CHRIS FEISTL: In December 1993, after Pablo Escobar is killed, | CHRIS FEISTL: In December 1993, after Pablo Escobar is killed, |
47 | 00:08:21,830 | 00:08:24,500 | there is a power vacuum. | there is a power vacuum. |
48 | 00:08:24,500 | 00:08:26,370 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
49 | 00:08:26,370 | 00:08:30,240 | (helicopter) | (helicopter) |
50 | 00:08:30,240 | 00:08:36,840 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
51 | 00:08:36,850 | 00:08:43,850 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
52 | 00:08:43,850 | 00:08:47,190 | (shouts orders) | (shouts orders) |
53 | 00:08:47,190 | 00:08:49,390 | JEREMY McDERMOTT: The FARC embraced drugs | JEREMY McDERMOTT: The FARC embraced drugs |
54 | 00:08:49,390 | 00:08:52,530 | and used them to fund the revolutionary struggle | and used them to fund the revolutionary struggle |
55 | 00:08:52,530 | 00:08:54,660 | and the growth of the FARC, | and the growth of the FARC, |
56 | 00:08:54,660 | 00:08:58,870 | and the growth of coca crops in Colombia is a parallel line. | and the growth of coca crops in Colombia is a parallel line. |
57 | 00:08:58,870 | 00:09:02,070 | Wherever the coca is, you tend to find the FARC. | Wherever the coca is, you tend to find the FARC. |
58 | 00:09:02,070 | 00:09:07,440 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
59 | 00:09:20,690 | 00:09:24,560 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
60 | 00:09:36,110 | 00:09:52,190 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
61 | 00:10:25,220 | 00:10:31,020 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
62 | 00:10:31,030 | 00:10:38,030 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
63 | 00:10:38,030 | 00:10:46,770 | (speaking Spanish) | (speaking Spanish) |
64 | 00:10:46,780 | 00:10:50,910 | McDERMOTT: Carlos is the public face, extremely charismatic. | McDERMOTT: Carlos is the public face, extremely charismatic. |
65 | 00:11:27,620 | 00:11:32,450 | (siren) | (siren) |
66 | 00:11:32,450 | 00:11:39,830 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
67 | 00:11:52,770 | 00:12:04,720 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
68 | 00:12:04,720 | 00:12:06,250 | McDERMOTT: He wasn't from Medellín. | McDERMOTT: He wasn't from Medellín. |
69 | 00:12:06,260 | 00:12:09,720 | He was actually from Tuluá on the Pacific coast. | He was actually from Tuluá on the Pacific coast. |
70 | 00:12:09,730 | 00:12:12,530 | It is rumored that he was, for a short time, | It is rumored that he was, for a short time, |
71 | 00:12:12,530 | 00:12:14,190 | a left-wing guerrilla. | a left-wing guerrilla. |
72 | 00:12:14,200 | 00:12:20,930 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
73 | 00:12:20,940 | 00:12:27,610 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
74 | 00:12:27,610 | 00:12:29,810 | He is what we call a "lavaperro," | He is what we call a "lavaperro," |
75 | 00:12:29,810 | 00:12:33,010 | which is like the lowest rung in the criminal structure. | which is like the lowest rung in the criminal structure. |
76 | 00:12:33,020 | 00:12:35,880 | It literally means a dog washer. | It literally means a dog washer. |
77 | 00:12:35,880 | 00:12:39,420 | And he proves his worth very quickly. | And he proves his worth very quickly. |
78 | 00:12:39,420 | 00:12:44,630 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
79 | 00:12:44,630 | 00:12:48,900 | The guerrillas try and muscle in on the cartel. | The guerrillas try and muscle in on the cartel. |
80 | 00:12:48,900 | 00:12:51,160 | Berna says, "Let me take care of this," | Berna says, "Let me take care of this," |
81 | 00:12:51,170 | 00:12:54,230 | and there is a series of bloody shootouts | and there is a series of bloody shootouts |
82 | 00:12:54,240 | 00:12:58,170 | in which Berna takes anything up to 11 bullets and loses his leg. | in which Berna takes anything up to 11 bullets and loses his leg. |
83 | 00:12:58,170 | 00:13:01,910 | But they win. | But they win. |
84 | 00:13:01,910 | 00:13:04,710 | Berna's not the most handsome man. | Berna's not the most handsome man. |
85 | 00:13:04,710 | 00:13:06,980 | He was a lot less handsome after he lost his leg | He was a lot less handsome after he lost his leg |
86 | 00:13:06,980 | 00:13:10,920 | and took a bullet through the cheek and various other things. | and took a bullet through the cheek and various other things. |
87 | 00:13:10,920 | 00:13:15,190 | This does not hamper his criminal career at all. | This does not hamper his criminal career at all. |
88 | 00:13:15,190 | 00:13:26,330 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
89 | 00:13:26,340 | 00:13:32,940 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
90 | 00:13:32,940 | 00:13:34,410 | FRANCISCO SANTOS CALDERÓN: Pablo Escobar not only | FRANCISCO SANTOS CALDERÓN: Pablo Escobar not only |
91 | 00:13:34,410 | 00:13:35,740 | was a drug trafficker, | was a drug trafficker, |
92 | 00:13:35,740 | 00:13:38,410 | but he was also an entrepreneur of violence. | but he was also an entrepreneur of violence. |
93 | 00:13:38,410 | 00:13:41,420 | And he created different groups, gangs. | And he created different groups, gangs. |
94 | 00:13:41,420 | 00:13:44,620 | When he dies, there's a vacuum, | When he dies, there's a vacuum, |
95 | 00:13:44,620 | 00:13:48,960 | and many of those gangs are left with who controls it. | and many of those gangs are left with who controls it. |
96 | 00:13:48,960 | 00:13:52,890 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
97 | 00:13:52,900 | 00:14:06,110 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
98 | 00:14:06,110 | 00:14:11,040 | McDERMOTT: Don Berna learnt a key lesson from Escobar, | McDERMOTT: Don Berna learnt a key lesson from Escobar, |
99 | 00:14:11,050 | 00:14:15,720 | which is never become visible; remain in the shadows. | which is never become visible; remain in the shadows. |
100 | 00:14:15,720 | 00:14:17,850 | STEVEN COHEN: He arguably becomes more powerful | STEVEN COHEN: He arguably becomes more powerful |
101 | 00:14:17,850 | 00:14:20,120 | than Pablo Escobar ever was. | than Pablo Escobar ever was. |
102 | 00:14:29,060 | 00:14:33,330 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
103 | 00:14:33,340 | 00:14:43,380 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
104 | 00:15:00,760 | 00:15:08,070 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
105 | 00:15:25,850 | 00:15:32,160 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
106 | 00:15:40,540 | 00:15:46,940 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
107 | 00:16:07,700 | 00:16:11,230 | McDERMOTT: And the message is clear: We're coming. | McDERMOTT: And the message is clear: We're coming. |
108 | 00:16:11,230 | 00:16:12,430 | (boom) | (boom) |
109 | 00:16:12,430 | 00:16:25,510 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
110 | 00:16:31,920 | 00:16:41,390 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
111 | 00:16:41,400 | 00:16:46,870 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
112 | 00:16:46,870 | 00:16:48,870 | (rooster crows) | (rooster crows) |
113 | 00:16:59,480 | 00:17:01,680 | REPORTER: People living in Mapiripán were suspected | REPORTER: People living in Mapiripán were suspected |
114 | 00:17:01,680 | 00:17:04,950 | of helping the FARC, providing them with food and shelter. | of helping the FARC, providing them with food and shelter. |
115 | 00:17:23,510 | 00:17:24,970 | REPORTER: As the paramilitaries entered, | REPORTER: As the paramilitaries entered, |
116 | 00:17:24,970 | 00:17:27,610 | they marked the town as their territory. | they marked the town as their territory. |
117 | 00:17:36,850 | 00:17:38,920 | REPORTER: Villagers were taken from their homes. | REPORTER: Villagers were taken from their homes. |
118 | 00:17:38,920 | 00:17:41,190 | The killing began in the main street. | The killing began in the main street. |
119 | 00:18:10,750 | 00:18:13,220 | REPORTER: Three villagers were publicly executed, | REPORTER: Three villagers were publicly executed, |
120 | 00:18:13,220 | 00:18:17,420 | beheaded with chainsaws. | beheaded with chainsaws. |
121 | 00:18:17,430 | 00:18:19,360 | Many more perished. | Many more perished. |
122 | 00:18:19,360 | 00:18:21,890 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
123 | 00:18:21,900 | 00:18:26,970 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
124 | 00:18:26,970 | 00:18:30,340 | None of the dead wore uniforms or carried guns. | None of the dead wore uniforms or carried guns. |
125 | 00:18:37,510 | 00:18:48,450 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
126 | 00:18:48,460 | 00:19:01,530 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
127 | 00:19:01,540 | 00:19:08,340 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
128 | 00:19:22,820 | 00:19:33,500 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
129 | 00:19:33,500 | 00:19:37,570 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
130 | 00:19:48,780 | 00:19:50,920 | SOLDIERS: ¡Uno, dos, tres! | SOLDIERS: ¡Uno, dos, tres! |
131 | 00:20:19,410 | 00:20:25,020 | McDERMOTT: The cocaine trade hid in Colombia's civil conflict. | McDERMOTT: The cocaine trade hid in Colombia's civil conflict. |
132 | 00:20:25,020 | 00:20:28,150 | And suddenly we have a right-wing | And suddenly we have a right-wing |
133 | 00:20:28,160 | 00:20:30,890 | anti-subversive paramilitarism | anti-subversive paramilitarism |
134 | 00:20:30,890 | 00:20:34,030 | which is welcomed in so many parts of Colombia | which is welcomed in so many parts of Colombia |
135 | 00:20:34,030 | 00:20:37,100 | against the guerrillas who were kidnapping and extorting. | against the guerrillas who were kidnapping and extorting. |
136 | 00:20:37,100 | 00:20:41,230 | But this is just the new Medellín Cartel. | But this is just the new Medellín Cartel. |
137 | 00:20:41,240 | 00:20:43,040 | But it's cleverer. | But it's cleverer. |
138 | 00:20:43,040 | 00:20:46,840 | It's got a political façade, it's militarized. | It's got a political façade, it's militarized. |
139 | 00:20:46,840 | 00:20:52,710 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
140 | 00:20:52,710 | 00:20:53,550 | (guns cocking) | (guns cocking) |
141 | 00:21:05,530 | 00:21:13,030 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
142 | 00:21:29,020 | 00:21:32,050 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
143 | 00:21:39,890 | 00:21:40,830 | (knocking) | (knocking) |
144 | 00:22:23,070 | 00:22:31,680 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
145 | 00:22:38,220 | 00:22:43,020 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
146 | 00:22:43,020 | 00:22:48,430 | (siren) | (siren) |
147 | 00:22:48,430 | 00:23:02,740 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
148 | 00:23:12,920 | 00:23:20,360 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
149 | 00:23:26,200 | 00:23:27,200 | MAN: Stop? MAN: Yeah. | MAN: Stop? MAN: Yeah. |
150 | 00:23:27,200 | 00:23:27,970 | MAN: Okay. | MAN: Okay. |
151 | 00:23:32,010 | 00:23:40,850 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
152 | 00:23:48,760 | 00:23:49,960 | JEREMY SALAMEH: The Oficina de Envigado | JEREMY SALAMEH: The Oficina de Envigado |
153 | 00:23:49,960 | 00:23:53,090 | was originally established to mediate, | was originally established to mediate, |
154 | 00:23:53,090 | 00:23:55,190 | to collect money that was owed. | to collect money that was owed. |
155 | 00:23:55,200 | 00:23:57,630 | And it was almost like an internal affairs | And it was almost like an internal affairs |
156 | 00:23:57,630 | 00:24:00,030 | operation of sorts. | operation of sorts. |
157 | 00:24:02,040 | 00:24:05,840 | Don Berna made it clear, "I'm taking this over, | Don Berna made it clear, "I'm taking this over, |
158 | 00:24:05,840 | 00:24:10,040 | and if there's any pushback, | and if there's any pushback, |
159 | 00:24:10,050 | 00:24:12,450 | you're gonna have to deal with it." | you're gonna have to deal with it." |
160 | 00:24:12,450 | 00:24:15,980 | McDERMOTT: And he turns this vehicle into his bid | McDERMOTT: And he turns this vehicle into his bid |
161 | 00:24:15,980 | 00:24:18,450 | to take control of Medellín. | to take control of Medellín. |
162 | 00:24:18,450 | 00:24:23,390 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
163 | 00:24:23,390 | 00:24:27,260 | And he begins to scoop up a lot of the criminal infrastructure | And he begins to scoop up a lot of the criminal infrastructure |
164 | 00:24:27,260 | 00:24:30,730 | and set up these debt-collecting agencies, or oficinas, | and set up these debt-collecting agencies, or oficinas, |
165 | 00:24:30,730 | 00:24:33,830 | all around Medellín, and they all answer to him. | all around Medellín, and they all answer to him. |
166 | 00:24:40,070 | 00:24:42,670 | COHEN: He understands that his rise to power | COHEN: He understands that his rise to power |
167 | 00:24:42,680 | 00:24:47,080 | and his own control of power depends on his good standing | and his own control of power depends on his good standing |
168 | 00:24:47,080 | 00:24:49,950 | with the security state and with politicians. | with the security state and with politicians. |
169 | 00:24:49,950 | 00:24:54,950 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
170 | 00:24:54,960 | 00:24:56,820 | SALAMEH: Corruption at all levels | SALAMEH: Corruption at all levels |
171 | 00:24:56,820 | 00:24:58,490 | was going through the roof. | was going through the roof. |
172 | 00:24:58,490 | 00:25:00,160 | He would do things that would help the authorities, | He would do things that would help the authorities, |
173 | 00:25:00,160 | 00:25:03,560 | and sometimes the authorities would do things to help him. | and sometimes the authorities would do things to help him. |
174 | 00:25:03,570 | 00:25:06,300 | They did operations together sometimes. | They did operations together sometimes. |
175 | 00:25:06,300 | 00:25:18,110 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
176 | 00:25:41,140 | 00:25:47,870 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
177 | 00:26:25,910 | 00:26:32,380 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
178 | 00:26:32,390 | 00:26:36,990 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
179 | 00:27:37,520 | 00:27:41,790 | (popping and crackling) | (popping and crackling) |
180 | 00:27:41,790 | 00:27:44,060 | (crowd oohs) | (crowd oohs) |
181 | 00:27:44,060 | 00:27:56,600 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
182 | 00:27:56,600 | 00:27:59,540 | SALAMEH: So nothing really occurred unless Don Berna | SALAMEH: So nothing really occurred unless Don Berna |
183 | 00:27:59,540 | 00:28:03,140 | or his higher infrastructure approved it. | or his higher infrastructure approved it. |
184 | 00:28:03,140 | 00:28:09,850 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
185 | 00:28:09,850 | 00:28:12,820 | People often refer to homeless people | People often refer to homeless people |
186 | 00:28:12,820 | 00:28:14,950 | or these homeless children and so forth, | or these homeless children and so forth, |
187 | 00:28:14,960 | 00:28:19,630 | they call them "desechables," like the throw-aways. | they call them "desechables," like the throw-aways. |
188 | 00:28:19,630 | 00:28:23,830 | And somebody's considered a desechable, a disposable person, | And somebody's considered a desechable, a disposable person, |
189 | 00:28:23,830 | 00:28:25,960 | doesn't mean you can go out and kill them, | doesn't mean you can go out and kill them, |
190 | 00:28:25,970 | 00:28:29,100 | but that's what they did, they cleaned up the streets. | but that's what they did, they cleaned up the streets. |
191 | 00:28:29,100 | 00:28:37,780 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
192 | 00:28:37,780 | 00:28:42,520 | And there was a scourge of those kind of folks, | And there was a scourge of those kind of folks, |
193 | 00:28:42,520 | 00:28:46,520 | people disappeared, people got killed, people got displaced. | people disappeared, people got killed, people got displaced. |
194 | 00:28:46,520 | 00:28:48,520 | They cleaned up the city, | They cleaned up the city, |
195 | 00:28:48,520 | 00:28:55,260 | and I think there was some sense that at certain levels... | and I think there was some sense that at certain levels... |
196 | 00:28:55,260 | 00:28:59,130 | In other words, it was accepted because of the outcome. | In other words, it was accepted because of the outcome. |
197 | 00:28:59,130 | 00:29:11,080 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
198 | 00:29:11,080 | 00:29:14,810 | McDERMOTT: Berna sees what the paramilitaries are doing, | McDERMOTT: Berna sees what the paramilitaries are doing, |
199 | 00:29:14,820 | 00:29:18,880 | and he goes, "This is an extraordinary business model, | and he goes, "This is an extraordinary business model, |
200 | 00:29:18,890 | 00:29:20,020 | I want in." | I want in." |
201 | 00:29:20,020 | 00:29:20,920 | (gun cocks) | (gun cocks) |
202 | 00:29:42,510 | 00:29:47,250 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
203 | 00:29:47,250 | 00:29:48,650 | McDERMOTT: So, there's lots of problems | McDERMOTT: So, there's lots of problems |
204 | 00:29:48,650 | 00:29:50,380 | within the paramilitary army. | within the paramilitary army. |
205 | 00:29:50,390 | 00:29:52,180 | If someone loses a load | If someone loses a load |
206 | 00:29:52,190 | 00:29:55,520 | or someone sleeps with someone else's wife, | or someone sleeps with someone else's wife, |
207 | 00:29:55,520 | 00:29:58,190 | normally in the drug trafficking world, there's violence. | normally in the drug trafficking world, there's violence. |
208 | 00:29:58,190 | 00:30:03,330 | Berna says, "No, we can sort this out." | Berna says, "No, we can sort this out." |
209 | 00:30:03,330 | 00:30:05,130 | He's not always successful, | He's not always successful, |
210 | 00:30:05,130 | 00:30:07,400 | but what he does is he begins to put discipline | but what he does is he begins to put discipline |
211 | 00:30:07,400 | 00:30:10,000 | on the paramilitary movement. | on the paramilitary movement. |
212 | 00:30:10,000 | 00:30:24,080 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
213 | 00:31:00,050 | 00:31:01,720 | (speaking Spanish) | (speaking Spanish) |
214 | 00:31:01,720 | 00:31:03,190 | McDERMOTT: Vicente's got a stutter, | McDERMOTT: Vicente's got a stutter, |
215 | 00:31:03,190 | 00:31:08,260 | not remotely charismatic, but super able at the business side. | not remotely charismatic, but super able at the business side. |
216 | 00:31:08,260 | 00:31:12,060 | And they turn the paramilitary army, | And they turn the paramilitary army, |
217 | 00:31:12,070 | 00:31:15,470 | and this need to counteract the advance | and this need to counteract the advance |
218 | 00:31:15,470 | 00:31:17,340 | of the Marxist guerrillas, | of the Marxist guerrillas, |
219 | 00:31:17,340 | 00:31:21,210 | into a nationwide criminal network, | into a nationwide criminal network, |
220 | 00:31:21,210 | 00:31:25,410 | a VIP club for drug traffickers. | a VIP club for drug traffickers. |
221 | 00:31:25,410 | 00:31:27,080 | And people begin to realize | And people begin to realize |
222 | 00:31:27,080 | 00:31:31,680 | this is just the most powerful drug cartel there is; | this is just the most powerful drug cartel there is; |
223 | 00:31:31,690 | 00:31:34,890 | dwarfs the power of the Medellín Cartel. | dwarfs the power of the Medellín Cartel. |
224 | 00:31:34,890 | 00:31:36,760 | And at that stage the paramilitaries | And at that stage the paramilitaries |
225 | 00:31:36,760 | 00:31:39,760 | are the most powerful criminal syndicate on the planet. | are the most powerful criminal syndicate on the planet. |
226 | 00:31:39,760 | 00:31:41,230 | VICENTE CASTAÑO: Muchas gracias. | VICENTE CASTAÑO: Muchas gracias. |
227 | 00:31:41,230 | 00:31:53,240 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
228 | 00:31:53,240 | 00:31:55,770 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
229 | 00:31:55,780 | 00:31:58,110 | COHEN: And there really is a fear in Colombian society | COHEN: And there really is a fear in Colombian society |
230 | 00:31:58,110 | 00:32:00,910 | and also at high levels of government | and also at high levels of government |
231 | 00:32:00,920 | 00:32:04,980 | that the FARC are actually gonna manage to take over the country. | that the FARC are actually gonna manage to take over the country. |
232 | 00:32:04,990 | 00:32:07,420 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
233 | 00:32:07,420 | 00:32:14,130 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
234 | 00:32:14,130 | 00:32:15,560 | CALDERÓN: The main road to Medellín | CALDERÓN: The main road to Medellín |
235 | 00:32:15,560 | 00:32:17,060 | sometimes was a week closed | sometimes was a week closed |
236 | 00:32:17,060 | 00:32:19,400 | because of attacks from the FARC to the road. | because of attacks from the FARC to the road. |
237 | 00:32:19,400 | 00:32:21,730 | Bogotá is surrounded by FARC fronts. | Bogotá is surrounded by FARC fronts. |
238 | 00:32:21,740 | 00:32:25,140 | They were getting ready to take over the capital. | They were getting ready to take over the capital. |
239 | 00:32:25,140 | 00:32:26,410 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
240 | 00:32:26,410 | 00:32:29,210 | People were abandoning Colombia massively; | People were abandoning Colombia massively; |
241 | 00:32:29,210 | 00:32:31,610 | everybody was seeing Colombia as a sinking ship. | everybody was seeing Colombia as a sinking ship. |
242 | 00:32:31,610 | 00:32:34,410 | And frankly, when you saw the growth of the FARC, | And frankly, when you saw the growth of the FARC, |
243 | 00:32:34,420 | 00:32:35,750 | the growth of the paramilitaries, | the growth of the paramilitaries, |
244 | 00:32:35,750 | 00:32:37,150 | it was hard not to think | it was hard not to think |
245 | 00:32:37,150 | 00:32:41,020 | that Colombia could become a narco state or a failed state. | that Colombia could become a narco state or a failed state. |
246 | 00:32:49,700 | 00:32:51,500 | BILL CLINTON: We got to stand by these democracies, | BILL CLINTON: We got to stand by these democracies, |
247 | 00:32:51,500 | 00:32:55,370 | including, and especially tonight, Colombia, | including, and especially tonight, Colombia, |
248 | 00:32:55,370 | 00:32:57,100 | which is fighting narco traffickers | which is fighting narco traffickers |
249 | 00:32:57,100 | 00:33:00,710 | for its own people's lives and for our children's lives. | for its own people's lives and for our children's lives. |
250 | 00:33:00,710 | 00:33:02,840 | I have proposed a strong two-year package | I have proposed a strong two-year package |
251 | 00:33:02,840 | 00:33:05,240 | to help Colombia win this fight. | to help Colombia win this fight. |
252 | 00:33:05,250 | 00:33:15,250 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
253 | 00:33:15,260 | 00:33:21,460 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
254 | 00:33:21,460 | 00:33:24,330 | COHEN: Plan Colombia was this major billion-dollar effort | COHEN: Plan Colombia was this major billion-dollar effort |
255 | 00:33:24,330 | 00:33:26,800 | to bring the Colombian military up to snuff | to bring the Colombian military up to snuff |
256 | 00:33:26,800 | 00:33:29,940 | to be able to take on the narco-traffickers. | to be able to take on the narco-traffickers. |
257 | 00:33:29,940 | 00:33:31,070 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
258 | 00:33:33,610 | 00:33:38,940 | And that meant training, that meant weapons, technology. | And that meant training, that meant weapons, technology. |
259 | 00:33:38,950 | 00:33:40,950 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
260 | 00:33:40,950 | 00:33:44,020 | It's also the point at which counter-narcotics | It's also the point at which counter-narcotics |
261 | 00:33:44,020 | 00:33:49,220 | and counter-insurgency become explicitly the same thing. | and counter-insurgency become explicitly the same thing. |
262 | 00:33:49,220 | 00:33:50,360 | REPORTER: Officially the United States | REPORTER: Officially the United States |
263 | 00:33:50,360 | 00:33:52,360 | is fighting a war on drugs. | is fighting a war on drugs. |
264 | 00:33:52,360 | 00:33:54,360 | In practice, it is bankrolling conflict | In practice, it is bankrolling conflict |
265 | 00:33:54,360 | 00:33:56,700 | against communist guerrillas. | against communist guerrillas. |
266 | 00:34:01,370 | 00:34:04,840 | COHEN: The escalating threat of communist takeover | COHEN: The escalating threat of communist takeover |
267 | 00:34:04,840 | 00:34:08,970 | becomes the justification for increasingly overt alliance | becomes the justification for increasingly overt alliance |
268 | 00:34:08,980 | 00:34:12,710 | with the narco-paramilitaries as the most effective | with the narco-paramilitaries as the most effective |
269 | 00:34:12,710 | 00:34:15,780 | fighting force against the rising communist menace. | fighting force against the rising communist menace. |
270 | 00:34:15,780 | 00:34:17,450 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
271 | 00:34:19,520 | 00:34:21,320 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
272 | 00:34:21,320 | 00:34:28,190 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
273 | 00:34:28,200 | 00:34:30,000 | (explosion) | (explosion) |
274 | 00:34:39,870 | 00:34:48,810 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
275 | 00:34:48,820 | 00:34:54,750 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
276 | 00:34:54,760 | 00:34:57,860 | (speaking Spanish) | (speaking Spanish) |
277 | 00:35:21,650 | 00:35:27,850 | (plane approaching) | (plane approaching) |
278 | 00:35:27,860 | 00:35:34,260 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
279 | 00:35:34,260 | 00:35:37,730 | (gunfire) | (gunfire) |
280 | 00:35:37,730 | 00:35:41,270 | REPORTER: America's war on drugs ignores the paramilitaries. | REPORTER: America's war on drugs ignores the paramilitaries. |
281 | 00:35:41,270 | 00:35:43,400 | Instead, government helicopters protect planes | Instead, government helicopters protect planes |
282 | 00:35:43,400 | 00:35:46,810 | dropping poison in the coca fields below. | dropping poison in the coca fields below. |
283 | 00:35:46,810 | 00:35:48,740 | Their aim is to destroy the plantations | Their aim is to destroy the plantations |
284 | 00:35:48,740 | 00:35:50,810 | controlled by the FARC. | controlled by the FARC. |
285 | 00:35:50,810 | 00:35:55,610 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
286 | 00:35:55,620 | 00:36:01,150 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
287 | 00:36:01,160 | 00:36:07,960 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
288 | 00:36:07,960 | 00:36:11,960 | MAN: We have no relationship with the AUC. | MAN: We have no relationship with the AUC. |
289 | 00:36:11,970 | 00:36:15,570 | COHEN: By 2001, the extent of paramilitary involvement | COHEN: By 2001, the extent of paramilitary involvement |
290 | 00:36:15,570 | 00:36:20,040 | in the drug trade was too blatant to ignore. | in the drug trade was too blatant to ignore. |
291 | 00:36:20,040 | 00:36:22,440 | MAN: They claim to wish to protect Colombian citizens | MAN: They claim to wish to protect Colombian citizens |
292 | 00:36:22,440 | 00:36:23,840 | from other terrorist groups, | from other terrorist groups, |
293 | 00:36:23,840 | 00:36:27,510 | but they then massacre and displace the same citizens, | but they then massacre and displace the same citizens, |
294 | 00:36:27,520 | 00:36:30,450 | and they claim to stand against kidnapping and extortion, | and they claim to stand against kidnapping and extortion, |
295 | 00:36:30,450 | 00:36:33,390 | and then engage in those very practices. | and then engage in those very practices. |
296 | 00:36:35,590 | 00:36:38,660 | COHEN: So, in this very weird twist of history, | COHEN: So, in this very weird twist of history, |
297 | 00:36:38,660 | 00:36:42,990 | the AUC gets designated an official terrorist organization | the AUC gets designated an official terrorist organization |
298 | 00:36:43,000 | 00:36:46,870 | the day before September 11th. | the day before September 11th. |
299 | 00:36:46,870 | 00:36:48,730 | McDERMOTT: And then everything changes again on 9/11. | McDERMOTT: And then everything changes again on 9/11. |
300 | 00:36:48,740 | 00:36:53,210 | The war on terror and the war on drugs have now become one. | The war on terror and the war on drugs have now become one. |
301 | 00:38:10,020 | 00:38:17,020 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
302 | 00:38:17,020 | 00:38:19,090 | ÁLVARO URIBE: Prudencia, muchachos. | ÁLVARO URIBE: Prudencia, muchachos. |
303 | 00:38:19,090 | 00:38:20,760 | Prudencia. | Prudencia. |
304 | 00:38:20,760 | 00:38:26,430 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
305 | 00:38:26,430 | 00:38:29,770 | FEISTL: President Uribe came up with the Justice and Peace Plan, | FEISTL: President Uribe came up with the Justice and Peace Plan, |
306 | 00:38:29,770 | 00:38:33,970 | which would give benefits to paramilitary fighters | which would give benefits to paramilitary fighters |
307 | 00:38:33,970 | 00:38:37,840 | who decided to come in, demobilize, disband, | who decided to come in, demobilize, disband, |
308 | 00:38:37,850 | 00:38:40,780 | surrender their weapons, and stop drug trafficking | surrender their weapons, and stop drug trafficking |
309 | 00:38:40,780 | 00:38:43,180 | and any crimes that they were involved in. | and any crimes that they were involved in. |
310 | 00:38:43,180 | 00:38:48,250 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
311 | 00:38:48,260 | 00:38:49,990 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
312 | 00:39:42,380 | 00:39:45,740 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
313 | 00:39:59,660 | 00:40:07,470 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
314 | 00:40:11,140 | 00:40:19,950 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
315 | 00:40:22,280 | 00:40:30,390 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
316 | 00:40:34,030 | 00:40:35,490 | (gunshot) | (gunshot) |
317 | 00:40:40,570 | 00:40:43,030 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
318 | 00:40:43,040 | 00:40:47,410 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
319 | 00:40:59,190 | 00:41:07,190 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
320 | 00:41:13,670 | 00:41:17,900 | (siren) | (siren) |
321 | 00:41:23,740 | 00:41:42,430 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
322 | 00:41:42,430 | 00:41:44,760 | FEISTL: He wants to try to reap the benefits | FEISTL: He wants to try to reap the benefits |
323 | 00:41:44,770 | 00:41:46,560 | of the Justice and Peace Law, | of the Justice and Peace Law, |
324 | 00:41:46,570 | 00:41:50,170 | which basically says if you're a paramilitary and you surrender, | which basically says if you're a paramilitary and you surrender, |
325 | 00:41:50,170 | 00:41:52,100 | you would be eligible for certain benefits | you would be eligible for certain benefits |
326 | 00:41:52,110 | 00:41:54,710 | under the Justice and Peace Plan, | under the Justice and Peace Plan, |
327 | 00:41:54,710 | 00:41:58,310 | which are very reduced sentences, under house arrest | which are very reduced sentences, under house arrest |
328 | 00:41:58,310 | 00:42:00,780 | or some kind of minimal confinement. | or some kind of minimal confinement. |
329 | 00:42:13,330 | 00:42:24,340 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
330 | 00:42:24,340 | 00:42:26,340 | McDERMOTT: The Americans and the Colombian public are seeing | McDERMOTT: The Americans and the Colombian public are seeing |
331 | 00:42:26,340 | 00:42:29,210 | that this peace process is bordering on farce | that this peace process is bordering on farce |
332 | 00:42:29,210 | 00:42:36,010 | as these guys continue to move drugs, live the high life. | as these guys continue to move drugs, live the high life. |
333 | 00:42:36,020 | 00:42:38,350 | And so once the agreement is signed, | And so once the agreement is signed, |
334 | 00:42:38,350 | 00:42:40,550 | the constitutional court changes all the rules, | the constitutional court changes all the rules, |
335 | 00:42:40,550 | 00:42:44,160 | and they are suddenly sucked down into the prison system. | and they are suddenly sucked down into the prison system. |
336 | 00:42:44,160 | 00:42:48,430 | And then in 2008, what they all feared, they're all extradited. | And then in 2008, what they all feared, they're all extradited. |
337 | 00:42:48,430 | 00:43:11,180 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
338 | 00:43:11,190 | 00:43:15,590 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
339 | 00:43:15,590 | 00:43:17,790 | CALDERÓN: How do you measure the success of Plan Colombia? | CALDERÓN: How do you measure the success of Plan Colombia? |
340 | 00:43:17,790 | 00:43:19,060 | It's Colombia itself. | It's Colombia itself. |
341 | 00:43:19,060 | 00:43:20,290 | From a failed state | From a failed state |
342 | 00:43:20,290 | 00:43:23,390 | to the darling of investment of what it is now. | to the darling of investment of what it is now. |
343 | 00:43:23,400 | 00:43:26,330 | Colombia is a beacon of stability. | Colombia is a beacon of stability. |
344 | 00:43:26,330 | 00:43:28,330 | COHEN: Today people will tell you that Plan Colombia's | COHEN: Today people will tell you that Plan Colombia's |
345 | 00:43:28,330 | 00:43:31,800 | a success despite the human rights abuses | a success despite the human rights abuses |
346 | 00:43:31,810 | 00:43:33,470 | let loose on the Colombian countryside. | let loose on the Colombian countryside. |
347 | 00:43:33,470 | 00:43:35,610 | WOMAN: Vamos, vamos. | WOMAN: Vamos, vamos. |
348 | 00:43:35,610 | 00:43:38,480 | COHEN: If the war on drugs is in fact an effort to stop drugs | COHEN: If the war on drugs is in fact an effort to stop drugs |
349 | 00:43:38,480 | 00:43:39,880 | from entering the United States, | from entering the United States, |
350 | 00:43:39,880 | 00:43:42,410 | it is clearly an abysmal failure. | it is clearly an abysmal failure. |
351 | 00:43:42,420 | 00:43:49,620 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |
352 | 00:43:49,620 | 00:43:53,020 | In that sense, we've poured billions of dollars into a hole | In that sense, we've poured billions of dollars into a hole |
353 | 00:43:53,030 | 00:43:54,630 | and lit it on fire. | and lit it on fire. |
354 | 00:43:54,630 | 00:44:00,870 | ♪ ♪ | ♪ ♪ |