# Start End Original Translated
1 00:00:11,421 00:00:14,569 This is the frontispiece of the English edition from 1617. This is the frontispiece of the English edition from 1617.
2 00:00:15,058 00:00:19,183 And this is the first depiction of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. And this is the first depiction of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza.
3 00:00:21,856 00:00:26,770 Picasso's Don Quixote from 1955, one of the more recent ones. Picasso's Don Quixote from 1955, one of the more recent ones.
4 00:00:28,991 00:00:33,624 The most famous one, however, by Gustav Doré, dates back to 1863. The most famous one, however, by Gustav Doré, dates back to 1863.
5 00:00:35,985 00:00:39,723 Although these three portrayals differ, they agree upon the essentials. Although these three portrayals differ, they agree upon the essentials.
6 00:00:40,501 00:00:42,501 Here's what Cervantes says: Here's what Cervantes says:
7 00:00:42,973 00:00:46,149 The age of our Hidalgo flirted with fifty. The age of our Hidalgo flirted with fifty.
8 00:00:46,434 00:00:51,457 He was of sturdy constitution, only a bit thin, lean of face. He was of sturdy constitution, only a bit thin, lean of face.
9 00:00:52,007 00:00:56,780 Furthermore, he was tall with wrinkled arms and legs, Furthermore, he was tall with wrinkled arms and legs,
10 00:00:57,120 00:01:01,330 a shrunken face and somewhat crooked eagle nose a shrunken face and somewhat crooked eagle nose
11 00:01:01,849 00:01:04,686 with a large and droopy moustache. with a large and droopy moustache.
12 00:01:06,040 00:01:08,063 There isn't a single word about a beard. There isn't a single word about a beard.
13 00:01:08,607 00:01:12,169 Rather an omission than an actual proof of beardlessness. Rather an omission than an actual proof of beardlessness.
14 00:01:12,546 00:01:15,514 In fact, there is a passage in the second book where we can see him In fact, there is a passage in the second book where we can see him
15 00:01:15,834 00:01:19,163 having his beard washed by the dutchess's maids having his beard washed by the dutchess's maids
16 00:01:19,600 00:01:22,358 in a joyful atmosphere instead of having it shaved. in a joyful atmosphere instead of having it shaved.
17 00:01:22,685 00:01:25,034 This scene, along with the fashion of the time This scene, along with the fashion of the time
18 00:01:25,457 00:01:27,638 and the portrait of the author himself and the portrait of the author himself
19 00:01:28,180 00:01:31,539 speak in favour of a bearded Don Quixote. speak in favour of a bearded Don Quixote.
20 00:01:38,188 00:01:40,188 Let's follow the chronology: Let's follow the chronology:
21 00:01:40,682 00:01:44,736 These popular engravings by Jacques Lagniet, which date from 1640, These popular engravings by Jacques Lagniet, which date from 1640,
22 00:01:45,349 00:01:48,673 are seen as legitimate predecessors of comics, are seen as legitimate predecessors of comics,
23 00:01:49,489 00:01:53,115 the only difference being the text in form of a comment instead of a dialog. the only difference being the text in form of a comment instead of a dialog.
24 00:01:53,673 00:01:58,633 On the top of the engraving, we read: Here's a present day knight On the top of the engraving, we read: Here's a present day knight
25 00:01:58,946 00:02:01,344 being taken care of by his host and two maidens. being taken care of by his host and two maidens.
26 00:02:02,114 00:02:06,462 What stands the most is the burlesque character of the situation, What stands the most is the burlesque character of the situation,
27 00:02:07,067 00:02:11,230 like this scene in which the host helps Don Quixote by pouring the drink like this scene in which the host helps Don Quixote by pouring the drink
28 00:02:11,777 00:02:15,990 into his mouth through a pipe because our knight refuses to remove his helmet. into his mouth through a pipe because our knight refuses to remove his helmet.
29 00:02:16,903 00:02:20,378 On the other hand, there are some shocking imprecisions, On the other hand, there are some shocking imprecisions,
30 00:02:21,304 00:02:25,648 for example, Sancho being represented as tall as his master. for example, Sancho being represented as tall as his master.
31 00:02:26,730 00:02:32,058 However, we will soon discover the difference between the two. However, we will soon discover the difference between the two.
32 00:02:36,917 00:02:39,745 These English illustrations from 1687 These English illustrations from 1687
33 00:02:40,112 00:02:42,787 are much more refined than the previous ones are much more refined than the previous ones
34 00:02:43,112 00:02:45,223 and focus more on the setting: and focus more on the setting:
35 00:02:46,460 00:02:49,913 Don Quixote being promoted to a knight before an inn Don Quixote being promoted to a knight before an inn
36 00:02:52,057 00:02:55,295 Don Quixote tilting at windmills Don Quixote tilting at windmills
37 00:02:58,967 00:03:03,154 Don Quixote takes a flock of sheep for a marching army Don Quixote takes a flock of sheep for a marching army
38 00:03:06,495 00:03:10,049 Don Quixote saves a convoy of prisoners Don Quixote saves a convoy of prisoners
39 00:03:13,612 00:03:16,251 And here is Don Quixote in an 18th century painting And here is Don Quixote in an 18th century painting
40 00:03:16,601 00:03:19,191 by Charles-Antoine Coypel, by Charles-Antoine Coypel,
41 00:03:19,578 00:03:26,130 a history painter appointed by the Gobelins Manufactory in 1716 a history painter appointed by the Gobelins Manufactory in 1716
42 00:03:26,791 00:03:29,675 to make a series of twenty-five tapestry cartoons, to make a series of twenty-five tapestry cartoons,
43 00:03:30,191 00:03:33,329 later often reproduced by various artists. later often reproduced by various artists.
44 00:03:39,463 00:03:41,847 Coypel's influence was apparent throughout the century. Coypel's influence was apparent throughout the century.
45 00:03:42,114 00:03:45,653 The only ones who resisted his spell were individualists like Natoire, The only ones who resisted his spell were individualists like Natoire,
46 00:03:47,336 00:03:49,492 another author of tapestry cartoons, another author of tapestry cartoons,
47 00:03:50,192 00:03:53,913 Gillot, sharing a similar style with Watteau, Gillot, sharing a similar style with Watteau,
48 00:03:56,058 00:03:59,709 Fragonard, with his characteristic hatching Fragonard, with his characteristic hatching
49 00:04:06,546 00:04:10,093 and finally Goya, who sadly left us with a single drawing: and finally Goya, who sadly left us with a single drawing:
50 00:04:10,394 00:04:12,831 Don Quixote in his Study. Don Quixote in his Study.
51 00:04:14,319 00:04:16,084 And since we're in Spain, And since we're in Spain,
52 00:04:16,376 00:04:18,850 let's have a quick glance at these drawings, let's have a quick glance at these drawings,
53 00:04:19,139 00:04:21,225 which date back to 1780. which date back to 1780.
54 00:04:22,459 00:04:25,807 What's most typical about them, apart from the Spanish setting, What's most typical about them, apart from the Spanish setting,
55 00:04:26,099 00:04:28,169 is a tendency towards liberation is a tendency towards liberation
56 00:04:28,635 00:04:32,775 which paved the way for the 19th century art. which paved the way for the 19th century art.
57 00:04:34,525 00:04:36,862 Now, let's cast some light on the French romantics: Now, let's cast some light on the French romantics:
58 00:04:37,109 00:04:39,745 in Devéria's work from 1821 in Devéria's work from 1821
59 00:04:42,835 00:04:44,835 or Charlet's from 1830... or Charlet's from 1830...
60 00:04:45,524 00:04:49,929 the lines are evidently getting more simple and bold, the lines are evidently getting more simple and bold,
61 00:04:50,238 00:04:52,443 almost on the brink of caricature, almost on the brink of caricature,
62 00:04:52,681 00:04:55,688 yet failing to successfully portray a character. yet failing to successfully portray a character.
63 00:05:00,506 00:05:05,287 In 1853, a step forward was made by the painter Decamps. In 1853, a step forward was made by the painter Decamps.
64 00:05:06,195 00:05:08,195 Here, the duo of Sancho Panza and Don Quixote Here, the duo of Sancho Panza and Don Quixote
65 00:05:08,894 00:05:10,894 forms an indivisible whole. forms an indivisible whole.
66 00:05:11,211 00:05:13,211 The knight and his squire The knight and his squire
67 00:05:13,340 00:05:15,340 oppose and complement each other oppose and complement each other
68 00:05:15,477 00:05:17,509 similar to two geometric shapes: similar to two geometric shapes:
69 00:05:18,015 00:05:19,797 a line and a circle. a line and a circle.
70 00:05:20,512 00:05:25,480 One represents roundness, the other straightness. One represents roundness, the other straightness.
71 00:05:31,901 00:05:35,182 Tony Johannot will base his interpretation Tony Johannot will base his interpretation
72 00:05:35,446 00:05:37,150 on the very same principle. on the very same principle.
73 00:05:38,034 00:05:41,401 Everything is put to the service of portraying Don Quixote Everything is put to the service of portraying Don Quixote
74 00:05:42,052 00:05:45,450 as a sharp, angular and scraggy character. as a sharp, angular and scraggy character.
75 00:05:47,594 00:05:50,987 The main objective was to exploit Don Quixote's skinniness The main objective was to exploit Don Quixote's skinniness
76 00:05:51,529 00:05:54,965 in a comical manner. in a comical manner.
77 00:05:59,335 00:06:02,199 Staying true to the text, the depiction points out Staying true to the text, the depiction points out
78 00:06:02,546 00:06:06,272 the essence of his structure along with his funny side. the essence of his structure along with his funny side.
79 00:06:11,627 00:06:13,177 Here's an example: Here's an example:
80 00:06:13,655 00:06:16,772 the 17th and 18th century editions the 17th and 18th century editions
81 00:06:17,385 00:06:19,385 often showed a scene with Don Quixote often showed a scene with Don Quixote
82 00:06:20,100 00:06:22,979 standing unstably on his horse standing unstably on his horse
83 00:06:23,426 00:06:26,187 while the skillful Maritorne holds him with a rope while the skillful Maritorne holds him with a rope
84 00:06:26,425 00:06:28,612 from the inn window. from the inn window.
85 00:06:32,272 00:06:37,139 The moment of loss of balance is presented... The moment of loss of balance is presented...
86 00:06:38,896 00:06:43,310 when Rocinante slips away, leaving our hero hanging. when Rocinante slips away, leaving our hero hanging.
87 00:06:48,330 00:06:53,048 Or maybe, it's better to show the aftermath of a comic situation, Or maybe, it's better to show the aftermath of a comic situation,
88 00:06:53,529 00:06:54,908 rather than show it happening. rather than show it happening.
89 00:06:55,704 00:06:58,301 It's the same scene Tonny Johannot It's the same scene Tonny Johannot
90 00:06:58,704 00:07:02,735 used to express the lengthiness of Don Quixote's body. used to express the lengthiness of Don Quixote's body.
91 00:07:14,618 00:07:16,618 However, thanks to Gustav Doré, However, thanks to Gustav Doré,
92 00:07:17,067 00:07:20,606 the image of Don Quixote has changed forever. the image of Don Quixote has changed forever.
93 00:07:34,120 00:07:36,372 Don Quixote is finally taken seriously Don Quixote is finally taken seriously
94 00:07:36,804 00:07:39,221 as the puppet makes way for the thinker. as the puppet makes way for the thinker.
95 00:07:39,954 00:07:43,852 Furthermore, certain similarities with Christ are not to be neglected. Furthermore, certain similarities with Christ are not to be neglected.
96 00:07:53,925 00:07:57,510 This new incarnation introduces the pure thought This new incarnation introduces the pure thought
97 00:07:58,395 00:08:01,119 which goes far beyond any material contingency which goes far beyond any material contingency
98 00:08:01,506 00:08:03,879 while feeding off its own chimeras. while feeding off its own chimeras.
99 00:08:06,057 00:08:09,384 Coming down to earth is often accompanied by humiliation, Coming down to earth is often accompanied by humiliation,
100 00:08:09,794 00:08:12,494 cruelty and mockery. cruelty and mockery.
101 00:09:08,034 00:09:10,401 The landscape regains its importance, The landscape regains its importance,
102 00:09:10,917 00:09:13,907 becoming both fantastical and mysterious. becoming both fantastical and mysterious.
103 00:09:14,435 00:09:18,747 It's unclear whether these rocks, these mountains and horizons It's unclear whether these rocks, these mountains and horizons
104 00:09:19,122 00:09:23,207 belong to the real world or to the hero's imagination. belong to the real world or to the hero's imagination.
105 00:09:45,554 00:09:49,929 Daumier continued his search for allegory in 28 drawings made Daumier continued his search for allegory in 28 drawings made
106 00:09:50,308 00:09:54,398 in the final years of his career, more precisely from 1860 to 1870. in the final years of his career, more precisely from 1860 to 1870.
107 00:09:55,918 00:09:57,918 Behold the work of the greatest painter Behold the work of the greatest painter
108 00:09:58,343 00:10:00,706 who has ever dealt with this subject! who has ever dealt with this subject!
109 00:10:01,600 00:10:03,648 No room for anecdotes. No room for anecdotes.
110 00:10:04,019 00:10:07,972 Everything is expressed in a game of lines and forms. Everything is expressed in a game of lines and forms.
111 00:11:17,628 00:11:19,829 The comic side of Don Quixote vanishes The comic side of Don Quixote vanishes
112 00:11:20,123 00:11:22,169 while the idealist kicks in. while the idealist kicks in.
113 00:11:22,634 00:11:26,247 This can best be seen in this caricature accompanied by the following words: This can best be seen in this caricature accompanied by the following words:
114 00:11:26,556 00:11:29,051 Here's the one who's always brave, kind, Here's the one who's always brave, kind,
115 00:11:29,274 00:11:31,274 generous, imprudent... generous, imprudent...
116 00:11:31,480 00:11:34,782 the one who gave up his spear for a quill the one who gave up his spear for a quill
117 00:11:35,107 00:11:39,063 in order to confront the banalities offending his noble soul. in order to confront the banalities offending his noble soul.
118 00:11:41,360 00:11:45,691 Salvador Dali, whose resemblance to Cervantes' hero was remarkable, Salvador Dali, whose resemblance to Cervantes' hero was remarkable,
119 00:11:46,156 00:11:48,340 was the only artist in the last century was the only artist in the last century
120 00:11:48,696 00:11:51,980 who portrayed Don Quixote free from the influence of the previous who portrayed Don Quixote free from the influence of the previous
121 00:11:52,264 00:11:54,304 works by Doré or Daumier. works by Doré or Daumier.
122 00:11:55,237 00:11:58,543 Choosing the road less travelled, Don Quixote lets the fool overshadow Choosing the road less travelled, Don Quixote lets the fool overshadow
123 00:11:58,821 00:12:01,916 the thinker and goes on spinning like a spinning top, which, the thinker and goes on spinning like a spinning top, which,
124 00:12:02,265 00:12:06,832 if you take a closer look, reveals an entire army. if you take a closer look, reveals an entire army.
125 00:12:08,139 00:12:10,429 However, this madness is called paranoia... However, this madness is called paranoia...
126 00:12:10,683 00:12:13,203 but that's only an introduction to a form of obsessive criticism but that's only an introduction to a form of obsessive criticism
127 00:12:13,464 00:12:17,396 which the painter identifies with the process of the artistic creation itself. which the painter identifies with the process of the artistic creation itself.
128 00:12:19,088 00:12:22,759 The folly of carefully calculated shots from arquebus... The folly of carefully calculated shots from arquebus...
129 00:12:25,191 00:12:28,833 as well as filling rhinoceros's horns with ink... as well as filling rhinoceros's horns with ink...
130 00:12:30,654 00:12:34,689 is nothing compared to the fruits of Dali's rigor is nothing compared to the fruits of Dali's rigor
131 00:12:34,974 00:12:38,606 brought to the point of extreme meticulousness. brought to the point of extreme meticulousness.
132 00:12:44,809 00:12:46,809 It's clear from these examples It's clear from these examples
133 00:12:47,063 00:12:51,699 to what extent painting has enriched our knowledge of Cervantes' novel. to what extent painting has enriched our knowledge of Cervantes' novel.
134 00:12:52,516 00:12:55,036 On the other hand, it also impoverishes it, On the other hand, it also impoverishes it,
135 00:12:55,267 00:12:59,059 making us forget about the surrounding lively crowds making us forget about the surrounding lively crowds
136 00:12:59,422 00:13:02,337 for the sake of the main characters and the landscape. for the sake of the main characters and the landscape.
137 00:13:02,732 00:13:05,119 Only the early illustrators Only the early illustrators
138 00:13:05,404 00:13:07,802 knew how to depict the crowd with precision. knew how to depict the crowd with precision.
139 00:13:09,174 00:13:11,489 Everything about this crowd is important. Everything about this crowd is important.
140 00:13:11,849 00:13:13,849 Every secondary role Every secondary role
141 00:13:14,471 00:13:16,471 has its purpose. has its purpose.
142 00:13:17,717 00:13:21,611 Every character our hero crosses his path with Every character our hero crosses his path with
143 00:13:21,919 00:13:23,709 helps us understand him better helps us understand him better
144 00:13:23,952 00:13:27,082 and locate him in the material (spatial) context. and locate him in the material (spatial) context.
145 00:13:28,361 00:13:30,601 Every time a certain character appears on a higher ground Every time a certain character appears on a higher ground
146 00:13:30,967 00:13:33,865 means he's suffering from a more severe form of madness. means he's suffering from a more severe form of madness.
147 00:13:34,206 00:13:37,190 Let's take Cardenio's example because an unrequited love Let's take Cardenio's example because an unrequited love
148 00:13:37,513 00:13:40,411 made him insane and drove him to the mountains... made him insane and drove him to the mountains...
149 00:13:42,303 00:13:44,586 or that of shepherdess Marcele or that of shepherdess Marcele
150 00:13:44,887 00:13:47,785 who values her own freedom to the point of cruelty, who values her own freedom to the point of cruelty,
151 00:13:48,394 00:13:51,094 the very same cruelty that led a young man kill himself. the very same cruelty that led a young man kill himself.
152 00:13:51,583 00:13:56,481 Taking her reasons into account, Cervantes doesn't miss the opportunity Taking her reasons into account, Cervantes doesn't miss the opportunity
153 00:13:56,789 00:14:01,070 to reveal her impossible striving for purity also known as angelism. to reveal her impossible striving for purity also known as angelism.
154 00:14:06,063 00:14:09,742 The additional stories from the first part of Don Quixote The additional stories from the first part of Don Quixote
155 00:14:10,159 00:14:14,328 are not only digressions but also variations on the theme of are not only digressions but also variations on the theme of
156 00:14:14,768 00:14:16,768 the power of obsession. the power of obsession.
157 00:14:17,865 00:14:22,070 The story of The Curious Impertinent speaks of Anselmo, The story of The Curious Impertinent speaks of Anselmo,
158 00:14:22,527 00:14:25,401 a young man from Florence, who, like Don Quixote, a young man from Florence, who, like Don Quixote,
159 00:14:25,640 00:14:27,503 suffers from hypertrophied imagination suffers from hypertrophied imagination
160 00:14:27,761 00:14:29,815 manifesting itself through pathological jealousy. manifesting itself through pathological jealousy.
161 00:14:30,132 00:14:33,897 In order to be sure, he asks his best friend Lothario In order to be sure, he asks his best friend Lothario
162 00:14:34,655 00:14:37,460 to test the fidelity of his wife Camilla. to test the fidelity of his wife Camilla.
163 00:14:38,307 00:14:40,307 Lothario unwillingly accepts and eventually Lothario unwillingly accepts and eventually
164 00:14:40,748 00:14:42,485 wins her heart. wins her heart.
165 00:14:42,776 00:14:44,776 To remove all doubt, To remove all doubt,
166 00:14:45,072 00:14:47,339 she plots a scene she plots a scene
167 00:14:47,921 00:14:50,152 in which she fakes her own suicide in which she fakes her own suicide
168 00:14:50,711 00:14:54,023 while Lothario is trying to seduce her while Lothario is trying to seduce her
169 00:14:54,714 00:14:58,198 with Anselmo hiding behind a curtain. with Anselmo hiding behind a curtain.
170 00:15:04,007 00:15:06,596 And he who doubted everything, And he who doubted everything,
171 00:15:07,038 00:15:10,077 suddenly believed everything. suddenly believed everything.
172 00:15:15,626 00:15:18,655 Another purpose of these digressions Another purpose of these digressions
173 00:15:18,878 00:15:21,244 is to show that reality is to show that reality
174 00:15:21,522 00:15:23,674 has in store more surprises than fiction. has in store more surprises than fiction.
175 00:15:24,785 00:15:29,785 While Dulcinea appears as an ugly, vulgar peasant girl, While Dulcinea appears as an ugly, vulgar peasant girl,
176 00:15:30,257 00:15:34,944 a complete opposite to the person from her admirer's imagination, a complete opposite to the person from her admirer's imagination,
177 00:15:35,353 00:15:37,982 the women Don Quixote encounters the women Don Quixote encounters
178 00:15:38,306 00:15:40,306 are very beautiful, are very beautiful,
179 00:15:41,084 00:15:43,084 although that's not always apparent although that's not always apparent
180 00:15:43,518 00:15:45,518 from the engravings. from the engravings.
181 00:15:45,733 00:15:49,000 Take the example of Dorothy who, disguised as a shepherd, Take the example of Dorothy who, disguised as a shepherd,
182 00:15:49,236 00:15:51,978 washes her feet in a brook. washes her feet in a brook.
183 00:15:57,841 00:16:01,046 It's well known that Cervantes was held prisoner for six years It's well known that Cervantes was held prisoner for six years
184 00:16:01,376 00:16:04,555 by the Barbarians. He attempted an escape several times, by the Barbarians. He attempted an escape several times,
185 00:16:04,809 00:16:07,685 which almost led him to the gallows. which almost led him to the gallows.
186 00:16:10,782 00:16:13,344 The story of Zoraida, a young Moorish woman The story of Zoraida, a young Moorish woman
187 00:16:13,626 00:16:19,282 who disobeys her father's will and runs away with a brave christian slave, who disobeys her father's will and runs away with a brave christian slave,
188 00:16:19,610 00:16:24,274 is not more fantastic than the life of the author himself. is not more fantastic than the life of the author himself.
189 00:16:46,499 00:16:51,069 Finally, the second part of the book, written ten years later, Finally, the second part of the book, written ten years later,
190 00:16:51,456 00:16:54,315 leads us to a disquieting thought leads us to a disquieting thought
191 00:16:54,726 00:16:58,879 that no one can escape the virus of Don Quixote's madness. that no one can escape the virus of Don Quixote's madness.
192 00:16:59,830 00:17:04,310 The hero is no longer confronted with harsh reality, The hero is no longer confronted with harsh reality,
193 00:17:04,681 00:17:06,942 but with an artificial universe... but with an artificial universe...
194 00:17:07,485 00:17:11,766 like when Don Quixote encountered actors in the cart, like when Don Quixote encountered actors in the cart,
195 00:17:12,164 00:17:14,108 taking their masks and costumes taking their masks and costumes
196 00:17:14,394 00:17:17,384 for their real characters... for their real characters...
197 00:17:18,364 00:17:22,801 or when he unsuccessfully tried to provoke this gracious lion... or when he unsuccessfully tried to provoke this gracious lion...
198 00:17:24,633 00:17:29,220 or even when he slaughtered Master Peter's puppets or even when he slaughtered Master Peter's puppets
199 00:17:29,670 00:17:33,669 taking them for Moors, falling victim to a perfect illusion taking them for Moors, falling victim to a perfect illusion
200 00:17:33,946 00:17:38,375 which would deceive even the shrewdest of spectators. which would deceive even the shrewdest of spectators.
201 00:17:52,064 00:17:57,290 The barren landscapes from the beginning are transformed into a festive decor. The barren landscapes from the beginning are transformed into a festive decor.
202 00:18:15,345 00:18:17,821 Our lonely, gloomy Don Quixote puts away his armour Our lonely, gloomy Don Quixote puts away his armour
203 00:18:18,123 00:18:22,930 and joins a company hungry for divertissement, and joins a company hungry for divertissement,
204 00:18:23,351 00:18:28,662 which would later be heavily criticized by Pascal. which would later be heavily criticized by Pascal.
205 00:18:29,347 00:18:32,218 This company jealously keeps the grain of folly, This company jealously keeps the grain of folly,
206 00:18:32,526 00:18:37,667 paradoxically praised by Erasmus a hundred years earlier. paradoxically praised by Erasmus a hundred years earlier.
207 00:19:36,043 00:19:40,273 One of the most absurd scenes is the one with a wooden horse (Clavileno). One of the most absurd scenes is the one with a wooden horse (Clavileno).
208 00:19:40,624 00:19:42,647 Don Quixote and Sancho are tricked Don Quixote and Sancho are tricked
209 00:19:42,882 00:19:45,941 into believing they are actually flying on the horse into believing they are actually flying on the horse
210 00:19:46,623 00:19:50,529 while the assistants are simulating rushing wind and fire while the assistants are simulating rushing wind and fire
211 00:19:50,897 00:19:53,899 with special requisites. with special requisites.
212 00:20:00,077 00:20:02,671 Finally, everything is going our hero's way Finally, everything is going our hero's way
213 00:20:03,014 00:20:05,091 after he's confronted with the image of himself. after he's confronted with the image of himself.
214 00:20:05,508 00:20:08,126 He's no longer striving to be Lancelot or Amadis He's no longer striving to be Lancelot or Amadis
215 00:20:08,364 00:20:10,437 but Don Quixote. but Don Quixote.
216 00:20:16,118 00:20:19,046 Here lies the unique depth of this masterpiece Here lies the unique depth of this masterpiece
217 00:20:19,480 00:20:22,925 in which reality and fiction mirror each other, in which reality and fiction mirror each other,
218 00:20:23,406 00:20:25,956 endlessly exchanging their reflections. endlessly exchanging their reflections.
219 00:20:27,957 00:20:31,894 In the final chapter, Don Quixote is defeated by the Knight of the White Moon In the final chapter, Don Quixote is defeated by the Knight of the White Moon
220 00:20:32,461 00:20:34,461 on a beach in Barcelona. on a beach in Barcelona.
221 00:20:34,933 00:20:37,144 This scene leaves us with an unsettling feeling This scene leaves us with an unsettling feeling
222 00:20:37,453 00:20:40,659 not merely caused by the hero's peaceful death. not merely caused by the hero's peaceful death.
223 00:20:43,606 00:20:46,436 Lastly, a few words about Sancho Panza Lastly, a few words about Sancho Panza
224 00:20:46,839 00:20:50,546 whose alleged wisdom isn't but foolishness. whose alleged wisdom isn't but foolishness.
225 00:20:51,097 00:20:54,070 He's a simple rather than a cultivated man, He's a simple rather than a cultivated man,
226 00:20:55,449 00:20:58,937 but unlike Don Quixote, his tragedy lies but unlike Don Quixote, his tragedy lies
227 00:20:59,394 00:21:01,644 in turning into an idealist towards the end of the novel in turning into an idealist towards the end of the novel
228 00:21:02,211 00:21:04,492 and paying the inevitable price for having such illusions, and paying the inevitable price for having such illusions,
229 00:21:05,039 00:21:07,938 which is particularly evident in the bullying scene. which is particularly evident in the bullying scene.
230 00:21:08,809 00:21:11,831 Another case of bullying, however, this time in a figurative manner, Another case of bullying, however, this time in a figurative manner,
231 00:21:12,398 00:21:16,565 comes in a scene in which Sancho wakes up only to find out comes in a scene in which Sancho wakes up only to find out
232 00:21:16,934 00:21:21,652 his beloved donkey got stolen by Gines de Pasamonte. his beloved donkey got stolen by Gines de Pasamonte.
233 00:21:24,047 00:21:29,070 He follows his master only out of greed and hunger for governance. He follows his master only out of greed and hunger for governance.
234 00:21:31,089 00:21:33,502 At some point, though, the locals name him governor, At some point, though, the locals name him governor,
235 00:21:34,014 00:21:36,589 only to make fun of him. only to make fun of him.
236 00:21:41,498 00:21:44,091 They play a thousand pranks on Sancho, They play a thousand pranks on Sancho,
237 00:21:44,392 00:21:47,837 his table is magnificently set, but as soon as he starts eating, his table is magnificently set, but as soon as he starts eating,
238 00:21:48,232 00:21:51,357 doctor Pedro Recio gets the table cleared... doctor Pedro Recio gets the table cleared...
239 00:21:53,172 00:21:59,156 or when they lock him in an armour in order to protect him from a fake mutiny. or when they lock him in an armour in order to protect him from a fake mutiny.
240 00:22:03,467 00:22:05,721 And yet, despite all the obstacles, And yet, despite all the obstacles,
241 00:22:06,020 00:22:08,681 he successfully fulfils his duties of a judge, he successfully fulfils his duties of a judge,
242 00:22:09,401 00:22:12,502 while, thanks to his earthly wisdom, while, thanks to his earthly wisdom,
243 00:22:12,934 00:22:19,338 he keeps outsmarting the thugs better than anyone else. he keeps outsmarting the thugs better than anyone else.
244 00:22:25,174 00:22:27,728 On all these 18th century engravings On all these 18th century engravings
245 00:22:28,154 00:22:30,154 we continue to discover a baroque universe we continue to discover a baroque universe
246 00:22:30,454 00:22:33,259 composed of various symbols and illusions. composed of various symbols and illusions.
247 00:22:34,264 00:22:39,060 If it's true that this universe poses a threat to the image of Don Quixote, If it's true that this universe poses a threat to the image of Don Quixote,
248 00:22:39,580 00:22:42,700 it still doesn't come without a positive side, it still doesn't come without a positive side,
249 00:22:42,986 00:22:45,536 revealing new aspects of an illusion revealing new aspects of an illusion
250 00:22:45,907 00:22:48,307 which, for Cervantes, at the same time represents which, for Cervantes, at the same time represents
251 00:22:48,707 00:22:51,118 the source of and the cure for all our misfortunes. the source of and the cure for all our misfortunes.
252 00:22:52,205 00:22:56,588 Reason will eventually deliver our hero from madness, Reason will eventually deliver our hero from madness,
253 00:22:57,241 00:23:00,292 although we are perfectly aware that although we are perfectly aware that
254 00:23:00,882 00:23:03,260 there is reason in madness there is reason in madness
255 00:23:03,740 00:23:06,490 and madness in reason. and madness in reason.
256 00:23:08,151 00:23:10,511 The ambiguity which underlies the novel The ambiguity which underlies the novel
257 00:23:10,796 00:23:14,392 cannot be easily perceived at first sight. cannot be easily perceived at first sight.
258 00:23:14,943 00:23:18,873 This novel should not be identified with various interpretations it inspired This novel should not be identified with various interpretations it inspired
259 00:23:19,261 00:23:21,505 as it was often the case. as it was often the case.
260 00:23:22,977 00:23:26,508 It's a book... one of the greatest in fact... It's a book... one of the greatest in fact...
261 00:23:26,960 00:23:30,116 and it should be read. and it should be read.