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1 | 00:00:32,800 | 00:00:34,800 | DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: A Perfect' Planet'. | DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: A Perfect' Planet'. |
2 | 00:00:42,160 | 00:00:47,800 | All life in the oceans depends on the continuous movement of water. | All life in the oceans depends on the continuous movement of water. |
3 | 00:01:01,320 | 00:01:04,720 | There are not five separate oceans on Earth, | There are not five separate oceans on Earth, |
4 | 00:01:04,840 | 00:01:06,280 | but just one... | but just one... |
5 | 00:01:06,400 | 00:01:10,960 | ...whose parts are linked by powerful, unceasing currents. | ...whose parts are linked by powerful, unceasing currents. |
6 | 00:01:13,280 | 00:01:17,560 | Every drop of seawater on Earth rides these currents, | Every drop of seawater on Earth rides these currents, |
7 | 00:01:17,680 | 00:01:21,640 | taking a thousand years to complete a single circuit. | taking a thousand years to complete a single circuit. |
8 | 00:01:25,280 | 00:01:27,320 | And where there are currents... | And where there are currents... |
9 | 00:01:27,440 | 00:01:29,240 | ...there is life. | ...there is life. |
10 | 00:01:46,720 | 00:01:48,960 | Off the coast of South Africa, | Off the coast of South Africa, |
11 | 00:01:49,080 | 00:01:50,840 | dolphins are on the hunt. | dolphins are on the hunt. |
12 | 00:02:01,680 | 00:02:04,160 | They have found a cold-water current | They have found a cold-water current |
13 | 00:02:04,280 | 00:02:07,640 | and are now travelling along it looking for food. | and are now travelling along it looking for food. |
14 | 00:02:10,560 | 00:02:12,920 | Gannets follow them. | Gannets follow them. |
15 | 00:02:14,800 | 00:02:18,760 | They know that doing so is the fastest way to a meal. | They know that doing so is the fastest way to a meal. |
16 | 00:02:24,880 | 00:02:26,480 | A shoal of mackerel - | A shoal of mackerel - |
17 | 00:02:26,600 | 00:02:29,040 | just what the dolphins have been looking for. | just what the dolphins have been looking for. |
18 | 00:02:35,320 | 00:02:38,760 | They encircle the fish, driving them into a bait ball, | They encircle the fish, driving them into a bait ball, |
19 | 00:02:38,880 | 00:02:41,800 | and then trap them against the surface | and then trap them against the surface |
20 | 00:02:41,920 | 00:02:44,720 | to prevent them from escaping to deeper water. | to prevent them from escaping to deeper water. |
21 | 00:02:49,520 | 00:02:52,240 | Now the fish are within range of the dive-bombing gannets, | Now the fish are within range of the dive-bombing gannets, |
22 | 00:02:52,360 | 00:02:55,960 | who hit the water at 50 miles an hour. | who hit the water at 50 miles an hour. |
23 | 00:03:19,240 | 00:03:23,360 | A sudden gathering of thousands of predators brought together | A sudden gathering of thousands of predators brought together |
24 | 00:03:23,480 | 00:03:26,560 | by the flow of currents. | by the flow of currents. |
25 | 00:03:42,240 | 00:03:44,600 | Last to the feast are sharks. | Last to the feast are sharks. |
26 | 00:04:08,120 | 00:04:10,120 | In these vast open waters, | In these vast open waters, |
27 | 00:04:10,240 | 00:04:15,360 | finding food would be all but impossible without currents, | finding food would be all but impossible without currents, |
28 | 00:04:15,480 | 00:04:19,680 | the highways of the seas that bring this life together. | the highways of the seas that bring this life together. |
29 | 00:04:24,360 | 00:04:26,720 | When the bait ball has been dispersed, | When the bait ball has been dispersed, |
30 | 00:04:26,840 | 00:04:31,320 | all that is left are scales drifting downwards. | all that is left are scales drifting downwards. |
31 | 00:04:36,120 | 00:04:41,960 | They are part of a slow, never-ending blizzard of organic waste | They are part of a slow, never-ending blizzard of organic waste |
32 | 00:04:42,080 | 00:04:45,720 | that eventually settles on the sea floor. | that eventually settles on the sea floor. |
33 | 00:04:48,280 | 00:04:50,760 | But it doesn't stay here for ever. | But it doesn't stay here for ever. |
34 | 00:04:51,800 | 00:04:55,920 | The currents sweep it back up into the sunlit surface waters... | The currents sweep it back up into the sunlit surface waters... |
35 | 00:04:57,360 | 00:05:00,440 | ...where it nourishes clouds of phytoplankton... | ...where it nourishes clouds of phytoplankton... |
36 | 00:05:02,800 | 00:05:06,960 | ...simple microscopic plants that are the pastures of the seas. | ...simple microscopic plants that are the pastures of the seas. |
37 | 00:05:17,200 | 00:05:20,040 | There are thousands of different kinds, | There are thousands of different kinds, |
38 | 00:05:20,160 | 00:05:24,200 | and together they produce half of all the oxygen in the atmosphere... | and together they produce half of all the oxygen in the atmosphere... |
39 | 00:05:25,520 | 00:05:29,280 | ...more than all our forests and jungles combined. | ...more than all our forests and jungles combined. |
40 | 00:05:31,440 | 00:05:33,840 | And by absorbing carbon, | And by absorbing carbon, |
41 | 00:05:33,960 | 00:05:38,160 | they are our greatest ally in combating climate change. | they are our greatest ally in combating climate change. |
42 | 00:05:43,000 | 00:05:48,280 | Plankton are the foundation of almost all life in the ocean, | Plankton are the foundation of almost all life in the ocean, |
43 | 00:05:48,400 | 00:05:53,360 | for in those places where the currents bring nutrients to the surface, | for in those places where the currents bring nutrients to the surface, |
44 | 00:05:53,480 | 00:05:56,480 | they multiply in astonishing numbers... | they multiply in astonishing numbers... |
45 | 00:05:57,760 | 00:05:59,800 | ...turning the ocean green. | ...turning the ocean green. |
46 | 00:06:06,080 | 00:06:10,960 | The currents travelling through our oceans bring life to seas | The currents travelling through our oceans bring life to seas |
47 | 00:06:11,080 | 00:06:13,760 | that would otherwise be marine deserts. | that would otherwise be marine deserts. |
48 | 00:06:18,680 | 00:06:22,240 | The Galápagos Islands lie in the path of one of them, | The Galápagos Islands lie in the path of one of them, |
49 | 00:06:22,360 | 00:06:24,640 | the deep-flowing Cromwell Current | the deep-flowing Cromwell Current |
50 | 00:06:24,760 | 00:06:27,840 | that runs for 6,000 miles across the Pacific. | that runs for 6,000 miles across the Pacific. |
51 | 00:06:31,360 | 00:06:34,320 | As it approaches Fernandina Island, | As it approaches Fernandina Island, |
52 | 00:06:34,440 | 00:06:38,200 | it rises and delivers nutrients into its shallows. | it rises and delivers nutrients into its shallows. |
53 | 00:06:51,480 | 00:06:55,920 | And it also brings life to this otherwise barren island. | And it also brings life to this otherwise barren island. |
54 | 00:07:13,840 | 00:07:15,800 | Iguanas. | Iguanas. |
55 | 00:07:17,480 | 00:07:19,600 | There are thousands of them. | There are thousands of them. |
56 | 00:07:26,320 | 00:07:31,000 | And yet there's nothing on the island for these vegetarians to eat. | And yet there's nothing on the island for these vegetarians to eat. |
57 | 00:07:33,600 | 00:07:34,800 | Or... | Or... |
58 | 00:07:34,920 | 00:07:37,040 | ...almost nothing. | ...almost nothing. |
59 | 00:07:39,880 | 00:07:44,720 | Cormorants bring seaweed ashore with which to make their nests. | Cormorants bring seaweed ashore with which to make their nests. |
60 | 00:07:46,400 | 00:07:49,400 | But what is building material for a cormorant | But what is building material for a cormorant |
61 | 00:07:49,520 | 00:07:51,280 | is food for an iguana. | is food for an iguana. |
62 | 00:07:51,400 | 00:07:53,160 | (SQUAWKS) | (SQUAWKS) |
63 | 00:07:57,920 | 00:08:00,240 | Both these species evolved here, | Both these species evolved here, |
64 | 00:08:00,360 | 00:08:03,640 | but that doesn't necessarily make them good neighbours. | but that doesn't necessarily make them good neighbours. |
65 | 00:08:08,040 | 00:08:12,160 | No matter. He knows where there's more elsewhere. | No matter. He knows where there's more elsewhere. |
66 | 00:08:13,560 | 00:08:16,040 | He's a marine iguana... | He's a marine iguana... |
67 | 00:08:21,560 | 00:08:23,840 | ...the only lizard in the world | ...the only lizard in the world |
68 | 00:08:23,960 | 00:08:25,840 | that gets its food from the sea. | that gets its food from the sea. |
69 | 00:08:37,640 | 00:08:40,440 | The seaweed on which he totally relies | The seaweed on which he totally relies |
70 | 00:08:40,560 | 00:08:43,200 | only grows in abundance here | only grows in abundance here |
71 | 00:08:43,320 | 00:08:47,520 | because of the nutrients brought by the Cromwell Current. | because of the nutrients brought by the Cromwell Current. |
72 | 00:08:54,040 | 00:08:58,240 | Once in the water, he has just 30 minutes to find food. | Once in the water, he has just 30 minutes to find food. |
73 | 00:09:06,080 | 00:09:07,800 | Any longer than that, | Any longer than that, |
74 | 00:09:07,920 | 00:09:10,880 | and his muscles will seize up and he'll drown... | and his muscles will seize up and he'll drown... |
75 | 00:09:12,640 | 00:09:16,280 | ...for, like most reptiles, he can't handle the cold. | ...for, like most reptiles, he can't handle the cold. |
76 | 00:09:25,440 | 00:09:29,440 | Chilly water isn't a problem for a warm-blooded cormorant. | Chilly water isn't a problem for a warm-blooded cormorant. |
77 | 00:09:30,640 | 00:09:32,920 | She can swim in it all day, | She can swim in it all day, |
78 | 00:09:33,040 | 00:09:35,640 | but can only hold her breath for a few minutes. | but can only hold her breath for a few minutes. |
79 | 00:09:42,720 | 00:09:44,720 | He, on the other hand, | He, on the other hand, |
80 | 00:09:44,840 | 00:09:47,240 | completes his whole half-hour trip | completes his whole half-hour trip |
81 | 00:09:47,360 | 00:09:49,720 | on one single breath. | on one single breath. |
82 | 00:09:51,760 | 00:09:53,760 | His flat face and sharp teeth | His flat face and sharp teeth |
83 | 00:09:53,880 | 00:09:57,080 | make him an efficient seaweed-cropping machine, | make him an efficient seaweed-cropping machine, |
84 | 00:09:57,200 | 00:10:00,520 | but with the clock ticking, he must eat fast. | but with the clock ticking, he must eat fast. |
85 | 00:10:04,800 | 00:10:07,640 | The cormorant, having caught its fish, | The cormorant, having caught its fish, |
86 | 00:10:07,760 | 00:10:10,080 | goes back to the surface. | goes back to the surface. |
87 | 00:10:12,400 | 00:10:14,040 | One last mouthful, | One last mouthful, |
88 | 00:10:14,160 | 00:10:17,640 | and it's also time for the iguana to head for home. | and it's also time for the iguana to head for home. |
89 | 00:10:20,920 | 00:10:24,160 | But to stop his muscles from seizing up in the cold water, | But to stop his muscles from seizing up in the cold water, |
90 | 00:10:24,280 | 00:10:26,280 | he must get back quickly. | he must get back quickly. |
91 | 00:10:30,440 | 00:10:34,880 | So he could do without the attentions of an inquisitive sea lion. | So he could do without the attentions of an inquisitive sea lion. |
92 | 00:10:58,520 | 00:11:01,720 | Dry land is now just 30 metres away, | Dry land is now just 30 metres away, |
93 | 00:11:01,840 | 00:11:05,040 | but the biggest hurdle is still to come. | but the biggest hurdle is still to come. |
94 | 00:11:14,400 | 00:11:18,520 | The surging water now fights against him. | The surging water now fights against him. |
95 | 00:11:25,120 | 00:11:26,400 | He's out, | He's out, |
96 | 00:11:26,520 | 00:11:30,600 | but he stayed in the cold so long that he's lost his strength. | but he stayed in the cold so long that he's lost his strength. |
97 | 00:12:11,520 | 00:12:13,320 | And he's made it. | And he's made it. |
98 | 00:12:16,280 | 00:12:21,840 | Few reptiles on the planet have to work harder for a meal than he does. | Few reptiles on the planet have to work harder for a meal than he does. |
99 | 00:12:24,560 | 00:12:25,720 | And tomorrow, | And tomorrow, |
100 | 00:12:25,840 | 00:12:27,960 | he'll have to do it all over again... | he'll have to do it all over again... |
101 | 00:12:30,760 | 00:12:32,560 | ...unless next time | ...unless next time |
102 | 00:12:32,680 | 00:12:34,840 | he can outwit his neighbour. | he can outwit his neighbour. |
103 | 00:12:40,600 | 00:12:44,760 | Over 100,000 marine iguanas live on Fernandina... | Over 100,000 marine iguanas live on Fernandina... |
104 | 00:12:46,200 | 00:12:49,640 | ...and each owes its existence to the Cromwell Current | ...and each owes its existence to the Cromwell Current |
105 | 00:12:49,760 | 00:12:52,320 | that brings nutrients to these shores. | that brings nutrients to these shores. |
106 | 00:12:55,040 | 00:12:57,840 | But there is another, much bigger current | But there is another, much bigger current |
107 | 00:12:57,960 | 00:13:02,760 | which carries water from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. | which carries water from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. |
108 | 00:13:05,920 | 00:13:10,440 | On this great journey, it travels through the islands of Indonesia, | On this great journey, it travels through the islands of Indonesia, |
109 | 00:13:10,560 | 00:13:13,400 | bringing together life from both oceans. | bringing together life from both oceans. |
110 | 00:13:20,480 | 00:13:24,840 | A third of all the world's reef fish live here. | A third of all the world's reef fish live here. |
111 | 00:13:28,840 | 00:13:31,800 | Some call it the Coral Triangle, | Some call it the Coral Triangle, |
112 | 00:13:31,920 | 00:13:35,120 | the most diverse marine region on Earth. | the most diverse marine region on Earth. |
113 | 00:13:43,280 | 00:13:46,920 | The variety here is dazzling, not just of coral, | The variety here is dazzling, not just of coral, |
114 | 00:13:47,040 | 00:13:49,800 | but of animals of all kinds. | but of animals of all kinds. |
115 | 00:14:00,200 | 00:14:04,120 | Few are stranger than the flamboyant cuttlefish. | Few are stranger than the flamboyant cuttlefish. |
116 | 00:14:07,280 | 00:14:11,080 | This is a male, just five centimetres long. | This is a male, just five centimetres long. |
117 | 00:14:16,480 | 00:14:20,320 | Swimming against the current isn't easy when you're small, | Swimming against the current isn't easy when you're small, |
118 | 00:14:20,440 | 00:14:23,960 | so, instead, he prefers to walk... | so, instead, he prefers to walk... |
119 | 00:14:25,160 | 00:14:27,600 | ...very, very slowly. | ...very, very slowly. |
120 | 00:14:31,680 | 00:14:34,280 | He's a master of camouflage. | He's a master of camouflage. |
121 | 00:14:34,400 | 00:14:37,400 | But right now he wants to be noticed. | But right now he wants to be noticed. |
122 | 00:14:40,280 | 00:14:42,160 | He's looking for a mate. | He's looking for a mate. |
123 | 00:14:44,040 | 00:14:47,080 | His potential partner is a giant by comparison, | His potential partner is a giant by comparison, |
124 | 00:14:47,200 | 00:14:48,960 | four times his size. | four times his size. |
125 | 00:14:54,240 | 00:14:56,080 | When it comes to courtship, | When it comes to courtship, |
126 | 00:14:56,200 | 00:14:58,520 | being flamboyant isn't enough. | being flamboyant isn't enough. |
127 | 00:15:04,720 | 00:15:07,160 | To win her over, he must dazzle. | To win her over, he must dazzle. |
128 | 00:15:14,120 | 00:15:17,960 | His aim is to deposit a packet of sperm | His aim is to deposit a packet of sperm |
129 | 00:15:18,080 | 00:15:19,960 | inside her mouth. | inside her mouth. |
130 | 00:15:23,080 | 00:15:24,000 | Close... | Close... |
131 | 00:15:25,120 | 00:15:26,840 | ...but no cigar. | ...but no cigar. |
132 | 00:15:32,880 | 00:15:35,280 | He'll have to turn up the dazzle. | He'll have to turn up the dazzle. |
133 | 00:15:41,880 | 00:15:43,520 | Take two. | Take two. |
134 | 00:15:47,280 | 00:15:49,160 | Bingo! | Bingo! |
135 | 00:16:00,120 | 00:16:01,920 | His job is clone. | His job is clone. |
136 | 00:16:02,040 | 00:16:05,760 | Now she must find somewhere to lay their eggs. | Now she must find somewhere to lay their eggs. |
137 | 00:16:07,680 | 00:16:10,880 | An old shell will do nicely | An old shell will do nicely |
138 | 00:16:11,000 | 00:16:13,920 | if she can slip past the present occupant. | if she can slip past the present occupant. |
139 | 00:16:18,960 | 00:16:22,880 | She fastens her eggs to the underside of the shell, | She fastens her eggs to the underside of the shell, |
140 | 00:16:23,000 | 00:16:25,760 | where they'll be safe from predators. | where they'll be safe from predators. |
141 | 00:16:38,960 | 00:16:43,120 | The current that brings so much life to the Coral Triangle | The current that brings so much life to the Coral Triangle |
142 | 00:16:43,240 | 00:16:47,520 | now washes the eggs with clean, oxygenated water. | now washes the eggs with clean, oxygenated water. |
143 | 00:16:53,640 | 00:16:55,720 | After just three weeks, | After just three weeks, |
144 | 00:16:55,840 | 00:16:57,640 | they start to hatch. | they start to hatch. |
145 | 00:17:01,600 | 00:17:04,200 | Smaller than a human fingernail, | Smaller than a human fingernail, |
146 | 00:17:04,320 | 00:17:07,400 | the hatchlings are now carried by the current | the hatchlings are now carried by the current |
147 | 00:17:07,520 | 00:17:09,880 | to other parts of the reef. | to other parts of the reef. |
148 | 00:17:17,200 | 00:17:19,800 | And in just a few months, | And in just a few months, |
149 | 00:17:19,920 | 00:17:24,720 | this young male will be ready to find a female of his own. | this young male will be ready to find a female of his own. |
150 | 00:17:30,480 | 00:17:33,120 | By a stroke of cosmic good fortune, | By a stroke of cosmic good fortune, |
151 | 00:17:33,240 | 00:17:34,840 | the Earth has a satellite, | the Earth has a satellite, |
152 | 00:17:34,960 | 00:17:36,440 | the moon, | the moon, |
153 | 00:17:36,560 | 00:17:40,440 | which orbits our planet every 27 clays. | which orbits our planet every 27 clays. |
154 | 00:17:44,120 | 00:17:48,920 | Its gravitational pull drags our oceans across the planet... | Its gravitational pull drags our oceans across the planet... |
155 | 00:17:51,560 | 00:17:54,320 | ...and so gives us the tides. | ...and so gives us the tides. |
156 | 00:17:58,880 | 00:18:02,120 | Unlike currents that stir the open ocean, | Unlike currents that stir the open ocean, |
157 | 00:18:02,240 | 00:18:05,360 | the tides have their greatest impact on the coasts, | the tides have their greatest impact on the coasts, |
158 | 00:18:05,480 | 00:18:10,200 | flushing them with nutrients from both sea and land. | flushing them with nutrients from both sea and land. |
159 | 00:18:12,800 | 00:18:16,640 | And nowhere are they more violent and dramatic than here... | And nowhere are they more violent and dramatic than here... |
160 | 00:18:18,400 | 00:18:21,040 | ...Norway's Saltstraumen strait. | ...Norway's Saltstraumen strait. |
161 | 00:18:23,720 | 00:18:24,920 | Every six hours, | Every six hours, |
162 | 00:18:25,040 | 00:18:27,360 | nearly half a billion tonnes of water | nearly half a billion tonnes of water |
163 | 00:18:27,480 | 00:18:28,640 | are forced through a channel | are forced through a channel |
164 | 00:18:28,760 | 00:18:31,760 | just 150 metres wide. | just 150 metres wide. |
165 | 00:18:33,320 | 00:18:36,880 | Its very narrowness accelerates the water... | Its very narrowness accelerates the water... |
166 | 00:18:37,960 | 00:18:43,080 | ...making this the strongest tidal pull in the world. | ...making this the strongest tidal pull in the world. |
167 | 00:18:57,200 | 00:19:01,360 | Most animals caught here would be swept away. | Most animals caught here would be swept away. |
168 | 00:19:04,360 | 00:19:07,480 | But not these tidal specialists. | But not these tidal specialists. |
169 | 00:19:07,600 | 00:19:09,920 | Eiders are one of the few ducks | Eiders are one of the few ducks |
170 | 00:19:10,040 | 00:19:12,080 | that depend totally on the ocean | that depend totally on the ocean |
171 | 00:19:12,200 | 00:19:14,160 | for their survival. | for their survival. |
172 | 00:19:16,800 | 00:19:19,600 | And they're the only kind strong enough | And they're the only kind strong enough |
173 | 00:19:19,720 | 00:19:23,080 | to live permanently in these racing waters. | to live permanently in these racing waters. |
174 | 00:19:30,360 | 00:19:32,680 | But there is food here, and in great quantity, | But there is food here, and in great quantity, |
175 | 00:19:32,800 | 00:19:35,280 | for any that can gather it... | for any that can gather it... |
176 | 00:19:36,600 | 00:19:37,920 | ...mussels. | ...mussels. |
177 | 00:19:39,200 | 00:19:44,680 | They filter out particles of food brought to them by the tide. | They filter out particles of food brought to them by the tide. |
178 | 00:19:45,960 | 00:19:48,320 | And eider ducks love mussels. | And eider ducks love mussels. |
179 | 00:19:51,520 | 00:19:54,080 | The challenge is reaching them. | The challenge is reaching them. |
180 | 00:20:11,680 | 00:20:13,760 | Eiders seem to be the only creatures | Eiders seem to be the only creatures |
181 | 00:20:13,880 | 00:20:17,720 | that can hold their own in the fast-flowing water... | that can hold their own in the fast-flowing water... |
182 | 00:20:20,120 | 00:20:23,080 | ...so they have the mussels all to themselves. | ...so they have the mussels all to themselves. |
183 | 00:20:25,040 | 00:20:28,440 | They swallow them whole, shell and all. | They swallow them whole, shell and all. |
184 | 00:20:32,680 | 00:20:35,760 | Each eider duck eats hundreds of mussels a clay... | Each eider duck eats hundreds of mussels a clay... |
185 | 00:20:37,560 | 00:20:39,120 | ...a year-round feast | ...a year-round feast |
186 | 00:20:39,240 | 00:20:40,920 | that no others can reach. | that no others can reach. |
187 | 00:20:52,800 | 00:20:55,120 | The tides here owe their power | The tides here owe their power |
188 | 00:20:55,240 | 00:20:58,440 | to the unique geography of the coastline. | to the unique geography of the coastline. |
189 | 00:20:59,960 | 00:21:01,560 | But elsewhere in our oceans, | But elsewhere in our oceans, |
190 | 00:21:01,680 | 00:21:04,640 | the lay of the land influences tides | the lay of the land influences tides |
191 | 00:21:04,760 | 00:21:06,680 | in a very different way. | in a very different way. |
192 | 00:21:09,680 | 00:21:11,280 | Here in the Bahamas, | Here in the Bahamas, |
193 | 00:21:11,400 | 00:21:15,520 | wide, shallow sandbanks mean the tide moves gently | wide, shallow sandbanks mean the tide moves gently |
194 | 00:21:15,640 | 00:21:17,240 | over the sea floor... | over the sea floor... |
195 | 00:21:18,640 | 00:21:21,200 | ...turning what would be a sandy desert | ...turning what would be a sandy desert |
196 | 00:21:21,320 | 00:21:23,640 | into a rich underwater habitat. | into a rich underwater habitat. |
197 | 00:21:26,920 | 00:21:31,640 | This is the home of garden eels and razorfish. | This is the home of garden eels and razorfish. |
198 | 00:21:35,760 | 00:21:40,680 | And fresh food arrives for them from deeper waters twice a day. | And fresh food arrives for them from deeper waters twice a day. |
199 | 00:21:43,320 | 00:21:46,680 | Life seems unhurried and gentle... | Life seems unhurried and gentle... |
200 | 00:21:48,360 | 00:21:51,360 | ...but there is trouble in paradise. | ...but there is trouble in paradise. |
201 | 00:21:53,000 | 00:21:54,480 | (WHISTLING AND CLICKING) | (WHISTLING AND CLICKING) |
202 | 00:21:54,600 | 00:21:57,280 | These bottlenose dolphins eat razorfish, | These bottlenose dolphins eat razorfish, |
203 | 00:21:57,400 | 00:22:01,480 | and they're not so easily fooled by vanishing tricks. | and they're not so easily fooled by vanishing tricks. |
204 | 00:22:06,800 | 00:22:10,120 | They scan the sand with echolocating clicks | They scan the sand with echolocating clicks |
205 | 00:22:10,240 | 00:22:14,480 | to discover exactly where the razorfish are hiding. | to discover exactly where the razorfish are hiding. |
206 | 00:22:15,760 | 00:22:18,000 | (CLICKING CONTINUES) | (CLICKING CONTINUES) |
207 | 00:22:31,400 | 00:22:35,000 | But knowing where they are is not the same as catching them. | But knowing where they are is not the same as catching them. |
208 | 00:22:40,520 | 00:22:42,600 | The more the dolphins dig, | The more the dolphins dig, |
209 | 00:22:42,720 | 00:22:45,480 | the deeper the razorfish burrow. | the deeper the razorfish burrow. |
210 | 00:22:49,160 | 00:22:51,360 | But it's clearly not deep enough. | But it's clearly not deep enough. |
211 | 00:23:01,480 | 00:23:03,720 | Blowing jets of water into the sand | Blowing jets of water into the sand |
212 | 00:23:03,840 | 00:23:07,600 | exposes even the most hard-to-reach razorfish. | exposes even the most hard-to-reach razorfish. |
213 | 00:23:11,200 | 00:23:15,800 | Before long, the dolphins have had enough and they move on. | Before long, the dolphins have had enough and they move on. |
214 | 00:23:17,960 | 00:23:20,720 | It looks as if they have picked the sand clean... | It looks as if they have picked the sand clean... |
215 | 00:23:26,240 | 00:23:27,760 | ...but here, at least, | ...but here, at least, |
216 | 00:23:27,880 | 00:23:31,640 | there really are plenty more fish in the sea. | there really are plenty more fish in the sea. |
217 | 00:23:41,600 | 00:23:45,080 | Closer to the land, the same tides bring nourishment | Closer to the land, the same tides bring nourishment |
218 | 00:23:45,200 | 00:23:48,560 | to one of the most threatened of coastal habitats... | to one of the most threatened of coastal habitats... |
219 | 00:23:50,120 | 00:23:51,760 | ...mangrove forests... | ...mangrove forests... |
220 | 00:23:53,320 | 00:23:54,920 | ...part land... | ...part land... |
221 | 00:23:55,040 | 00:23:56,880 | ...part sea. | ...part sea. |
222 | 00:23:59,760 | 00:24:01,640 | Mangroves are the only trees | Mangroves are the only trees |
223 | 00:24:01,760 | 00:24:04,600 | capable of surviving in salt water | capable of surviving in salt water |
224 | 00:24:04,720 | 00:24:09,480 | and are specially adapted to it coming and going twice every day. | and are specially adapted to it coming and going twice every day. |
225 | 00:24:16,480 | 00:24:20,240 | As seawater floods in, fish come with it. | As seawater floods in, fish come with it. |
226 | 00:24:21,840 | 00:24:23,960 | Here, in the flooded forests, | Here, in the flooded forests, |
227 | 00:24:24,080 | 00:24:26,880 | they can find both food and shelter. | they can find both food and shelter. |
228 | 00:24:33,280 | 00:24:37,080 | Stingrays ride on the incoming tide. | Stingrays ride on the incoming tide. |
229 | 00:24:43,960 | 00:24:46,920 | Other commuters follow. | Other commuters follow. |
230 | 00:24:47,040 | 00:24:50,840 | Young lemon sharks, still far from full-grown, | Young lemon sharks, still far from full-grown, |
231 | 00:24:50,960 | 00:24:52,600 | are looking for food. | are looking for food. |
232 | 00:25:08,160 | 00:25:10,600 | When the tide is at its highest, | When the tide is at its highest, |
233 | 00:25:10,720 | 00:25:13,000 | even adult lemon sharks | even adult lemon sharks |
234 | 00:25:13,120 | 00:25:14,680 | can get into the mangroves. | can get into the mangroves. |
235 | 00:25:17,480 | 00:25:21,440 | A three-metre female moves cautiously into the shallows. | A three-metre female moves cautiously into the shallows. |
236 | 00:25:25,200 | 00:25:26,880 | She can't stay here for long, | She can't stay here for long, |
237 | 00:25:27,000 | 00:25:29,600 | but then she hasn't come here to hunt. | but then she hasn't come here to hunt. |
238 | 00:25:36,480 | 00:25:38,280 | She's come to give birth... | She's come to give birth... |
239 | 00:25:40,640 | 00:25:44,360 | ...returning to the very place where she was born. | ...returning to the very place where she was born. |
240 | 00:25:47,160 | 00:25:51,640 | She has nourished the pups inside her body with a placenta, | She has nourished the pups inside her body with a placenta, |
241 | 00:25:51,760 | 00:25:53,200 | as we do. | as we do. |
242 | 00:25:59,640 | 00:26:02,920 | The mangroves provide an ideal nursery for them, | The mangroves provide an ideal nursery for them, |
243 | 00:26:03,040 | 00:26:06,400 | and placing them here gives them an excellent start, | and placing them here gives them an excellent start, |
244 | 00:26:06,520 | 00:26:10,120 | but that is the end of her parental care. | but that is the end of her parental care. |
245 | 00:26:11,640 | 00:26:13,520 | She has to return to deeper water | She has to return to deeper water |
246 | 00:26:13,640 | 00:26:15,840 | before the tide goes out. | before the tide goes out. |
247 | 00:26:19,440 | 00:26:23,480 | Her young must now fend for themselves. | Her young must now fend for themselves. |
248 | 00:26:26,320 | 00:26:30,800 | The pups instinctively take refuge among the roots of the mangroves. | The pups instinctively take refuge among the roots of the mangroves. |
249 | 00:26:33,640 | 00:26:39,440 | They're so small they can swim deep into this tangled labyrinth. | They're so small they can swim deep into this tangled labyrinth. |
250 | 00:26:50,680 | 00:26:52,640 | With the tide fast receding, | With the tide fast receding, |
251 | 00:26:52,760 | 00:26:54,720 | even they need to find a place | even they need to find a place |
252 | 00:26:54,840 | 00:26:57,760 | where they won't be left high and dry... | where they won't be left high and dry... |
253 | 00:26:58,800 | 00:27:00,520 | ...a place like this... | ...a place like this... |
254 | 00:27:02,000 | 00:27:06,240 | ...a permanent pool in the heart of the mangrove forest. | ...a permanent pool in the heart of the mangrove forest. |
255 | 00:27:12,560 | 00:27:15,480 | Only the smallest sharks can get here, | Only the smallest sharks can get here, |
256 | 00:27:15,600 | 00:27:17,720 | and only at the highest tides. | and only at the highest tides. |
257 | 00:27:24,920 | 00:27:27,520 | The pups will spend the next two years here, | The pups will spend the next two years here, |
258 | 00:27:27,640 | 00:27:32,680 | perfecting the skills that make them one of the ocean's top hunters. | perfecting the skills that make them one of the ocean's top hunters. |
259 | 00:27:36,280 | 00:27:37,840 | And it seems... | And it seems... |
260 | 00:27:38,840 | 00:27:40,880 | ...that there's a lot to learn. | ...that there's a lot to learn. |
261 | 00:27:47,200 | 00:27:48,760 | Got one'.! | Got one'.! |
262 | 00:27:54,000 | 00:28:00,320 | All life at the coasts has to move to the daily rhythm of the tides, | All life at the coasts has to move to the daily rhythm of the tides, |
263 | 00:28:00,440 | 00:28:03,840 | but tides are not the same throughout the year. | but tides are not the same throughout the year. |
264 | 00:28:09,600 | 00:28:15,320 | Every month, when our planet, the moon and the sun are all aligned, | Every month, when our planet, the moon and the sun are all aligned, |
265 | 00:28:15,440 | 00:28:21,080 | the increased gravitational pull produces particularly high tides. | the increased gravitational pull produces particularly high tides. |
266 | 00:28:22,760 | 00:28:25,920 | And this triggers a truly extraordinary event | And this triggers a truly extraordinary event |
267 | 00:28:26,040 | 00:28:29,040 | on one particular reef in the central Pacific. | on one particular reef in the central Pacific. |
268 | 00:28:35,800 | 00:28:38,800 | Thousands of resident surgeonfish | Thousands of resident surgeonfish |
269 | 00:28:38,920 | 00:28:41,960 | begin to assemble on these high tides. | begin to assemble on these high tides. |
270 | 00:28:46,680 | 00:28:51,360 | And they are being followed by one of the largest fish in the sea... | And they are being followed by one of the largest fish in the sea... |
271 | 00:28:57,160 | 00:28:59,000 | ...manta rays. | ...manta rays. |
272 | 00:29:08,080 | 00:29:13,440 | The rays spend their year moving between coral islands. | The rays spend their year moving between coral islands. |
273 | 00:29:16,000 | 00:29:19,800 | But it's only now, when the tide is at its highest | But it's only now, when the tide is at its highest |
274 | 00:29:19,920 | 00:29:21,440 | and the surgeonfish have gathered, | and the surgeonfish have gathered, |
275 | 00:29:21,560 | 00:29:25,200 | that they appear on this particular reef. | that they appear on this particular reef. |
276 | 00:29:29,120 | 00:29:30,600 | Their timing is so perfect | Their timing is so perfect |
277 | 00:29:30,720 | 00:29:33,840 | that they rarely have to wait more than an hour | that they rarely have to wait more than an hour |
278 | 00:29:33,960 | 00:29:36,040 | for the event to begin. | for the event to begin. |
279 | 00:30:02,120 | 00:30:06,240 | At the precise moment when the tide is at its highest, | At the precise moment when the tide is at its highest, |
280 | 00:30:06,360 | 00:30:09,200 | the surgeonfish begin to spawn. | the surgeonfish begin to spawn. |
281 | 00:30:11,480 | 00:30:15,480 | They release billions of eggs and sperm into the water. | They release billions of eggs and sperm into the water. |
282 | 00:30:19,760 | 00:30:22,560 | Breeding in this way gives their fertilised eggs | Breeding in this way gives their fertilised eggs |
283 | 00:30:22,680 | 00:30:25,560 | the best chance of being carried on the tide | the best chance of being carried on the tide |
284 | 00:30:25,680 | 00:30:28,040 | away from predators that haunt the reef... | away from predators that haunt the reef... |
285 | 00:30:31,600 | 00:30:33,400 | ...all except one. | ...all except one. |
286 | 00:30:36,760 | 00:30:39,120 | The mantas move in. | The mantas move in. |
287 | 00:30:57,000 | 00:30:59,040 | They gorge on the eggs, | They gorge on the eggs, |
288 | 00:30:59,160 | 00:31:02,880 | filtering them out using specially adapted gills. | filtering them out using specially adapted gills. |
289 | 00:31:04,720 | 00:31:07,600 | If the mantas had arrived just an hour later, | If the mantas had arrived just an hour later, |
290 | 00:31:07,720 | 00:31:11,080 | there would have been nothing here for them to eat. | there would have been nothing here for them to eat. |
291 | 00:31:17,520 | 00:31:21,000 | No-one knows how the mantas are so perfectly in tune | No-one knows how the mantas are so perfectly in tune |
292 | 00:31:21,120 | 00:31:23,240 | with the rhythm of the tides. | with the rhythm of the tides. |
293 | 00:31:29,480 | 00:31:33,800 | But they appear without fail whenever the surgeonfish spawn. | But they appear without fail whenever the surgeonfish spawn. |
294 | 00:31:42,000 | 00:31:43,840 | Most of the eggs, however, | Most of the eggs, however, |
295 | 00:31:43,960 | 00:31:46,280 | are carried out into the open ocean | are carried out into the open ocean |
296 | 00:31:46,400 | 00:31:49,240 | before the mantas are able to eat them all. | before the mantas are able to eat them all. |
297 | 00:32:05,760 | 00:32:11,360 | The rhythms of coastal life are influenced by another ocean force. | The rhythms of coastal life are influenced by another ocean force. |
298 | 00:32:15,200 | 00:32:19,360 | Winds blowing over the sea so batter the surface | Winds blowing over the sea so batter the surface |
299 | 00:32:19,480 | 00:32:22,280 | that it begins to rise and fall. | that it begins to rise and fall. |
300 | 00:32:24,240 | 00:32:26,120 | These swells may travel far | These swells may travel far |
301 | 00:32:26,240 | 00:32:29,520 | and reach the shores of even the most sheltered bays. | and reach the shores of even the most sheltered bays. |
302 | 00:32:30,480 | 00:32:32,920 | As they approach shallower water, | As they approach shallower water, |
303 | 00:32:33,040 | 00:32:34,760 | they turn into waves. | they turn into waves. |
304 | 00:32:39,480 | 00:32:41,320 | A shoal of hardyheads, | A shoal of hardyheads, |
305 | 00:32:41,440 | 00:32:45,960 | close to the beach of Australia's Lizard Island. | close to the beach of Australia's Lizard Island. |
306 | 00:32:47,120 | 00:32:51,960 | The clearness of these glassy waters shows that they lack nutrients. | The clearness of these glassy waters shows that they lack nutrients. |
307 | 00:32:53,480 | 00:32:57,160 | But the gentle waves expose food hidden in the sand, | But the gentle waves expose food hidden in the sand, |
308 | 00:32:57,280 | 00:33:00,520 | and that's what the hardyheads are looking for. | and that's what the hardyheads are looking for. |
309 | 00:33:10,120 | 00:33:12,040 | But...they must beware. | But...they must beware. |
310 | 00:33:15,800 | 00:33:18,640 | Packs of trevally are on the hunt. | Packs of trevally are on the hunt. |
311 | 00:33:26,400 | 00:33:29,000 | The hardyheads stick together. | The hardyheads stick together. |
312 | 00:33:30,040 | 00:33:31,920 | There's safety in numbers. | There's safety in numbers. |
313 | 00:33:33,520 | 00:33:35,280 | But they're vulnerable nonetheless. | But they're vulnerable nonetheless. |
314 | 00:33:46,680 | 00:33:50,360 | They're so small, they can swim in the shallowest waters... | They're so small, they can swim in the shallowest waters... |
315 | 00:33:58,480 | 00:34:01,320 | ...even in the body of the waves themselves, | ...even in the body of the waves themselves, |
316 | 00:34:01,440 | 00:34:03,840 | out of the reach of their enemies. | out of the reach of their enemies. |
317 | 00:34:09,160 | 00:34:11,520 | But trevally aren't their only concern. | But trevally aren't their only concern. |
318 | 00:34:21,080 | 00:34:23,280 | Blacktip reef sharks. | Blacktip reef sharks. |
319 | 00:34:25,240 | 00:34:28,560 | They are bigger and more powerful than trevally... | They are bigger and more powerful than trevally... |
320 | 00:34:30,680 | 00:34:33,040 | ...but not as fast or as agile. | ...but not as fast or as agile. |
321 | 00:34:38,520 | 00:34:40,920 | The hardyheads are well aware of them, | The hardyheads are well aware of them, |
322 | 00:34:41,040 | 00:34:44,720 | but so long as they stay just out of reach, they have little to fear. | but so long as they stay just out of reach, they have little to fear. |
323 | 00:34:59,440 | 00:35:03,080 | But now the sharks and the trevally join forces. | But now the sharks and the trevally join forces. |
324 | 00:35:09,000 | 00:35:11,240 | Together, they enter the shallows, | Together, they enter the shallows, |
325 | 00:35:11,360 | 00:35:13,840 | each looking for a chance to attack. | each looking for a chance to attack. |
326 | 00:35:31,000 | 00:35:33,040 | The trevally make the first move... | The trevally make the first move... |
327 | 00:35:34,560 | 00:35:37,840 | ...and the hardyheads take refuge again in the waves. | ...and the hardyheads take refuge again in the waves. |
328 | 00:35:39,120 | 00:35:42,280 | And this is what the sharks have been waiting for. | And this is what the sharks have been waiting for. |
329 | 00:35:46,120 | 00:35:50,280 | Surging forwards, they chase the hardyheads out of the water... | Surging forwards, they chase the hardyheads out of the water... |
330 | 00:35:51,600 | 00:35:56,400 | ...beaching themselves in a daring bid to hoover up their prey. | ...beaching themselves in a daring bid to hoover up their prey. |
331 | 00:36:00,200 | 00:36:02,000 | The hardyheads that escape the sharks | The hardyheads that escape the sharks |
332 | 00:36:02,120 | 00:36:04,920 | swim back out to deeper water... | swim back out to deeper water... |
333 | 00:36:06,880 | 00:36:09,800 | ...but into the mouths of the trevally. | ...but into the mouths of the trevally. |
334 | 00:36:20,800 | 00:36:23,920 | Now the receding waves help to pull the sharks back | Now the receding waves help to pull the sharks back |
335 | 00:36:24,040 | 00:36:25,440 | into deeper water. | into deeper water. |
336 | 00:36:55,680 | 00:36:59,520 | In the chaos, the seabirds get their chance. | In the chaos, the seabirds get their chance. |
337 | 00:37:04,320 | 00:37:06,840 | It's a feeding frenzy | It's a feeding frenzy |
338 | 00:37:06,960 | 00:37:09,960 | in only ten centimetres of water. | in only ten centimetres of water. |
339 | 00:37:23,280 | 00:37:26,840 | The power of waves is dramatically evident | The power of waves is dramatically evident |
340 | 00:37:26,960 | 00:37:28,920 | when they crash onto our shores. | when they crash onto our shores. |
341 | 00:37:31,760 | 00:37:37,240 | But the biggest of all start far away from land, out at sea. | But the biggest of all start far away from land, out at sea. |
342 | 00:37:37,360 | 00:37:40,080 | (THUNDER CRASHES) | (THUNDER CRASHES) |
343 | 00:37:40,200 | 00:37:43,360 | Great storms blowing over the surface of the ocean | Great storms blowing over the surface of the ocean |
344 | 00:37:43,480 | 00:37:46,280 | raise towering walls of water. | raise towering walls of water. |
345 | 00:37:49,720 | 00:37:54,120 | Such giant swells can travel for thousands of miles. | Such giant swells can travel for thousands of miles. |
346 | 00:37:56,760 | 00:37:58,400 | As they approach land, | As they approach land, |
347 | 00:37:58,520 | 00:38:02,800 | the shallowing sea floor begins to drag on their undersides, | the shallowing sea floor begins to drag on their undersides, |
348 | 00:38:02,920 | 00:38:04,800 | and they topple forward... | and they topple forward... |
349 | 00:38:04,920 | 00:38:06,520 | ...and break. | ...and break. |
350 | 00:38:10,520 | 00:38:15,040 | This stirring of the ocean produces great riches. | This stirring of the ocean produces great riches. |
351 | 00:38:18,840 | 00:38:23,800 | The Falkland Islands are surrounded by some of the stormiest waters on Earth... | The Falkland Islands are surrounded by some of the stormiest waters on Earth... |
352 | 00:38:27,480 | 00:38:31,240 | ...ideal hunting grounds for rockhopper penguins. | ...ideal hunting grounds for rockhopper penguins. |
353 | 00:38:33,960 | 00:38:35,240 | It's the breeding season, | It's the breeding season, |
354 | 00:38:35,360 | 00:38:40,480 | and for the last two weeks, the males have been incubating the eggs by themselves. | and for the last two weeks, the males have been incubating the eggs by themselves. |
355 | 00:38:42,800 | 00:38:45,880 | They're confined to the nest with nothing to eat, | They're confined to the nest with nothing to eat, |
356 | 00:38:46,000 | 00:38:48,840 | while the females are out at sea collecting food. | while the females are out at sea collecting food. |
357 | 00:38:53,040 | 00:38:57,120 | All across the colony, eggs are starting to hatch. | All across the colony, eggs are starting to hatch. |
358 | 00:38:59,440 | 00:39:02,760 | This male now has two youngsters to care for. | This male now has two youngsters to care for. |
359 | 00:39:05,560 | 00:39:10,120 | But he has no food to give them, and he can't leave them unprotected. | But he has no food to give them, and he can't leave them unprotected. |
360 | 00:39:12,000 | 00:39:14,280 | He can do nothing but wait. | He can do nothing but wait. |
361 | 00:39:24,160 | 00:39:27,880 | The females, after weeks fishing in the stormy seas, | The females, after weeks fishing in the stormy seas, |
362 | 00:39:28,000 | 00:39:31,880 | are now heading for home with food in their crops. | are now heading for home with food in their crops. |
363 | 00:39:35,640 | 00:39:38,240 | There's just one problem. | There's just one problem. |
364 | 00:39:38,360 | 00:39:43,040 | The colony sits at the top of huge cliffs. | The colony sits at the top of huge cliffs. |
365 | 00:39:45,000 | 00:39:48,360 | The waves that make feeding so good here | The waves that make feeding so good here |
366 | 00:39:48,480 | 00:39:51,240 | have now become major obstacles. | have now become major obstacles. |
367 | 00:39:53,400 | 00:39:55,440 | Timing is vital. | Timing is vital. |
368 | 00:40:09,880 | 00:40:11,160 | Go too early... | Go too early... |
369 | 00:40:12,680 | 00:40:15,440 | ...and they could be smashed against the rocks. | ...and they could be smashed against the rocks. |
370 | 00:40:21,480 | 00:40:23,640 | Too late... | Too late... |
371 | 00:40:23,760 | 00:40:26,680 | ...and they will be carried back out to sea. | ...and they will be carried back out to sea. |
372 | 00:40:32,400 | 00:40:34,800 | Hooked claws now help to get purchase | Hooked claws now help to get purchase |
373 | 00:40:34,920 | 00:40:36,800 | on the slippery rocks. | on the slippery rocks. |
374 | 00:40:39,960 | 00:40:42,240 | But they're not out of trouble yet. | But they're not out of trouble yet. |
375 | 00:40:46,840 | 00:40:49,480 | Success depends on both judgment... | Success depends on both judgment... |
376 | 00:40:49,600 | 00:40:50,880 | ...and luck. | ...and luck. |
377 | 00:41:10,800 | 00:41:14,920 | Time and again, the waves drag her back in. | Time and again, the waves drag her back in. |
378 | 00:41:21,520 | 00:41:23,480 | She has to persevere. | She has to persevere. |
379 | 00:41:23,600 | 00:41:28,320 | The lives of her chicks depend on her safe return. | The lives of her chicks depend on her safe return. |
380 | 00:41:59,840 | 00:42:01,880 | Finally... | Finally... |
381 | 00:42:02,000 | 00:42:04,120 | ...she's made it. | ...she's made it. |
382 | 00:42:13,880 | 00:42:16,240 | They're not called rockhoppers for nothing. | They're not called rockhoppers for nothing. |
383 | 00:42:21,880 | 00:42:24,560 | With one more jump, she's home. | With one more jump, she's home. |
384 | 00:42:27,760 | 00:42:29,440 | And just in time. | And just in time. |
385 | 00:42:34,880 | 00:42:37,320 | Her chicks are desperately hungry. | Her chicks are desperately hungry. |
386 | 00:42:44,880 | 00:42:47,160 | This is their first proper meal. | This is their first proper meal. |
387 | 00:42:47,280 | 00:42:48,440 | (CHICK CHEEPS) | (CHICK CHEEPS) |
388 | 00:42:58,000 | 00:43:02,840 | The oceans have sustained life on our planet for millions of years. | The oceans have sustained life on our planet for millions of years. |
389 | 00:43:07,120 | 00:43:11,600 | But today, there's growing evidence that this is changing. | But today, there's growing evidence that this is changing. |
390 | 00:43:17,480 | 00:43:19,480 | As our climate warms, | As our climate warms, |
391 | 00:43:19,600 | 00:43:23,240 | polar ice sheets are melting at an alarming rate. | polar ice sheets are melting at an alarming rate. |
392 | 00:43:27,480 | 00:43:32,000 | In the Arctic alone, 14,000 tonnes of fresh water | In the Arctic alone, 14,000 tonnes of fresh water |
393 | 00:43:32,120 | 00:43:35,400 | are emptying into the sea every second. | are emptying into the sea every second. |
394 | 00:43:43,040 | 00:43:47,320 | This is slowing the flow of currents around the globe. | This is slowing the flow of currents around the globe. |
395 | 00:43:49,160 | 00:43:52,240 | And if the atmosphere continues to warm, | And if the atmosphere continues to warm, |
396 | 00:43:52,360 | 00:43:56,320 | ocean circulation could eventually stop altogether. | ocean circulation could eventually stop altogether. |
397 | 00:44:04,240 | 00:44:07,960 | Our seas would then stagnate, | Our seas would then stagnate, |
398 | 00:44:08,080 | 00:44:10,360 | threatening the life within them. | threatening the life within them. |
399 | 00:44:14,280 | 00:44:16,880 | And there are places in the oceans today | And there are places in the oceans today |
400 | 00:44:17,000 | 00:44:19,960 | where this is already beginning to happen. | where this is already beginning to happen. |
401 | 00:44:28,640 | 00:44:30,640 | The Gulf of Thailand. | The Gulf of Thailand. |
402 | 00:44:37,960 | 00:44:41,840 | Eden's whales have lived here for generations. | Eden's whales have lived here for generations. |
403 | 00:44:44,360 | 00:44:47,320 | But the world around them is changing. | But the world around them is changing. |
404 | 00:44:56,680 | 00:45:01,640 | Today, agricultural pollution flowing from the land... | Today, agricultural pollution flowing from the land... |
405 | 00:45:02,640 | 00:45:05,840 | ...is beginning to suffocate this sea. | ...is beginning to suffocate this sea. |
406 | 00:45:15,760 | 00:45:19,080 | Many fish now stay closer to the surface, | Many fish now stay closer to the surface, |
407 | 00:45:19,200 | 00:45:23,160 | where the waters still contain enough oxygen to survive. | where the waters still contain enough oxygen to survive. |
408 | 00:45:27,520 | 00:45:30,920 | Eden's whales depend on these fish. | Eden's whales depend on these fish. |
409 | 00:45:33,040 | 00:45:34,640 | They swallow huge quantities of water | They swallow huge quantities of water |
410 | 00:45:34,760 | 00:45:37,560 | before filtering out their prey. | before filtering out their prey. |
411 | 00:45:42,680 | 00:45:48,440 | It takes a lot of energy to drive their 15-tonne bulk through the water. | It takes a lot of energy to drive their 15-tonne bulk through the water. |
412 | 00:45:51,720 | 00:45:53,400 | And with so few fish, | And with so few fish, |
413 | 00:45:53,520 | 00:45:57,160 | the rewards from feeding like this are barely worth it. | the rewards from feeding like this are barely worth it. |
414 | 00:45:59,080 | 00:46:01,320 | So, to survive here, | So, to survive here, |
415 | 00:46:01,440 | 00:46:04,920 | the whales have developed a new hunting technique... | the whales have developed a new hunting technique... |
416 | 00:46:09,480 | 00:46:12,920 | ...one that requires almost no effort. | ...one that requires almost no effort. |
417 | 00:46:15,600 | 00:46:18,560 | They simply open their mouths... | They simply open their mouths... |
418 | 00:46:18,680 | 00:46:20,400 | ...and wait. | ...and wait. |
419 | 00:46:25,800 | 00:46:28,640 | The panicked fish jump right in. | The panicked fish jump right in. |
420 | 00:46:35,800 | 00:46:37,640 | Swimming alongside, | Swimming alongside, |
421 | 00:46:37,760 | 00:46:41,400 | another whale scares even more into the open jaws. | another whale scares even more into the open jaws. |
422 | 00:46:52,760 | 00:46:55,480 | With this ingenious new technique, | With this ingenious new technique, |
423 | 00:46:55,600 | 00:47:00,720 | Eden's whales have found a way to survive the pressures they now face. | Eden's whales have found a way to survive the pressures they now face. |
424 | 00:47:03,640 | 00:47:05,240 | All across the planet, | All across the planet, |
425 | 00:47:05,360 | 00:47:07,280 | animals are having to adapt | animals are having to adapt |
426 | 00:47:07,400 | 00:47:08,920 | to a changing world. | to a changing world. |
427 | 00:47:11,000 | 00:47:13,040 | But the speed of these changes | But the speed of these changes |
428 | 00:47:13,160 | 00:47:15,440 | will be too fast for many. | will be too fast for many. |
429 | 00:47:19,400 | 00:47:24,880 | If we could only halt our unrestrained plunder of the ocean, | If we could only halt our unrestrained plunder of the ocean, |
430 | 00:47:25,000 | 00:47:28,200 | its habitats and species would recover. | its habitats and species would recover. |
431 | 00:47:31,000 | 00:47:35,520 | And at a time when our overexploited lands are already failing us, | And at a time when our overexploited lands are already failing us, |
432 | 00:47:35,640 | 00:47:40,560 | this has never been more important for humanity. | this has never been more important for humanity. |
433 | 00:48:00,040 | 00:48:03,320 | DAVID: The volcanic island of Fernandina in the Galapagos | DAVID: The volcanic island of Fernandina in the Galapagos |
434 | 00:48:03,440 | 00:48:06,240 | is home to two incredible lizards... | is home to two incredible lizards... |
435 | 00:48:08,120 | 00:48:10,360 | ...the land iguana | ...the land iguana |
436 | 00:48:10,480 | 00:48:12,600 | and the marine iguana. | and the marine iguana. |
437 | 00:48:14,560 | 00:48:16,840 | There are two parts to their story | There are two parts to their story |
438 | 00:48:16,960 | 00:48:20,040 | that cameraman Richard Wollocombe has wanted to film | that cameraman Richard Wollocombe has wanted to film |
439 | 00:48:20,160 | 00:48:24,400 | since he first came to these islands 25 years ago, | since he first came to these islands 25 years ago, |
440 | 00:48:24,520 | 00:48:28,320 | and on A Perfect Manet he got his chance. | and on A Perfect Manet he got his chance. |
441 | 00:48:32,360 | 00:48:34,440 | Driven by powerful currents, | Driven by powerful currents, |
442 | 00:48:34,560 | 00:48:39,080 | the cold Pacific Ocean slams into Fernandina's shores. | the cold Pacific Ocean slams into Fernandina's shores. |
443 | 00:48:45,320 | 00:48:49,560 | The marine iguanas must brave these waters every day. | The marine iguanas must brave these waters every day. |
444 | 00:48:53,880 | 00:48:58,800 | Their journey through the big surf is what Richard and the team are here to film... | Their journey through the big surf is what Richard and the team are here to film... |
445 | 00:49:00,040 | 00:49:02,000 | ...but from under water. | ...but from under water. |
446 | 00:49:02,120 | 00:49:07,520 | It looks fairly benign from the surface here, but underneath, it's really shallow, | It looks fairly benign from the surface here, but underneath, it's really shallow, |
447 | 00:49:07,640 | 00:49:11,520 | and there's all these really sharp rocks with lots of jagged edges. | and there's all these really sharp rocks with lots of jagged edges. |
448 | 00:49:11,640 | 00:49:13,320 | So if we were ta ken by the wave, | So if we were ta ken by the wave, |
449 | 00:49:13,440 | 00:49:16,120 | it would cut us up really badly, I think. | it would cut us up really badly, I think. |
450 | 00:49:25,720 | 00:49:28,400 | I'm a glutton for punishment. Did you know? | I'm a glutton for punishment. Did you know? |
451 | 00:49:32,160 | 00:49:34,720 | The waves are certainly punishing. | The waves are certainly punishing. |
452 | 00:49:36,440 | 00:49:38,200 | With these dangerous conditions, | With these dangerous conditions, |
453 | 00:49:38,320 | 00:49:42,840 | extra protection is clearly needed for Richard and dive buddy Rafael, | extra protection is clearly needed for Richard and dive buddy Rafael, |
454 | 00:49:42,960 | 00:49:46,400 | so what better than surf helmets? | so what better than surf helmets? |
455 | 00:49:54,120 | 00:49:58,600 | It isn't long before Richard realises what he's up against. | It isn't long before Richard realises what he's up against. |
456 | 00:50:01,760 | 00:50:06,400 | The relentless churning of the water makes it difficult to stay the right way up, | The relentless churning of the water makes it difficult to stay the right way up, |
457 | 00:50:06,520 | 00:50:09,120 | let alone film the iguanas. | let alone film the iguanas. |
458 | 00:50:15,000 | 00:50:17,840 | In between the waves, the iguanas briefly appear. | In between the waves, the iguanas briefly appear. |
459 | 00:50:23,320 | 00:50:26,640 | But Richard barely has time to line up a shot | But Richard barely has time to line up a shot |
460 | 00:50:26,760 | 00:50:30,920 | before the iguana disappears behind another wave. | before the iguana disappears behind another wave. |
461 | 00:50:37,640 | 00:50:42,240 | In the violent surge, the iguanas have learned to hang on to the rocks... | In the violent surge, the iguanas have learned to hang on to the rocks... |
462 | 00:50:43,480 | 00:50:48,200 | ...a trick Richard is quick to copy to avoid being swept away. | ...a trick Richard is quick to copy to avoid being swept away. |
463 | 00:50:49,560 | 00:50:53,040 | That, however, only leaves one hand to film with. | That, however, only leaves one hand to film with. |
464 | 00:51:00,840 | 00:51:04,400 | But with adrenaline carrying him through, | But with adrenaline carrying him through, |
465 | 00:51:04,520 | 00:51:09,040 | Richard is able to get the perfect shots of iguanas in the surf. | Richard is able to get the perfect shots of iguanas in the surf. |
466 | 00:51:14,520 | 00:51:19,240 | And to achieve that totally unscathed is a great relief | And to achieve that totally unscathed is a great relief |
467 | 00:51:20,280 | 00:51:23,080 | I don't need to go to the gym for months after that! | I don't need to go to the gym for months after that! |
468 | 00:51:25,040 | 00:51:27,840 | Well clone, mate. Good job. | Well clone, mate. Good job. |
469 | 00:51:30,640 | 00:51:35,000 | On the shore, [and Iguanas have to battle a very different force. | On the shore, [and Iguanas have to battle a very different force. |
470 | 00:51:38,280 | 00:51:42,520 | Each year they migrate up to the top of Fernandina's active volcano, | Each year they migrate up to the top of Fernandina's active volcano, |
471 | 00:51:42,640 | 00:51:47,720 | a journey of ten days across razor-sharp lava, | a journey of ten days across razor-sharp lava, |
472 | 00:51:47,840 | 00:51:51,000 | before descending into its heart to lay their eggs | before descending into its heart to lay their eggs |
473 | 00:51:51,120 | 00:51:53,000 | in the ashy floor. | in the ashy floor. |
474 | 00:51:58,080 | 00:52:02,160 | It's this behaviour Richard and the team plan to film, | It's this behaviour Richard and the team plan to film, |
475 | 00:52:02,280 | 00:52:06,520 | and the scale of the expedition is one that's rarely been attempted | and the scale of the expedition is one that's rarely been attempted |
476 | 00:52:06,640 | 00:52:08,400 | in the Galápagos. | in the Galápagos. |
477 | 00:52:12,760 | 00:52:17,440 | To reach the top takes the crew ten gruelling hours. | To reach the top takes the crew ten gruelling hours. |
478 | 00:52:26,880 | 00:52:31,560 | When they finally arrive on the rim, the experience doesn't disappoint. | When they finally arrive on the rim, the experience doesn't disappoint. |
479 | 00:52:33,320 | 00:52:35,280 | I can't believe it. | I can't believe it. |
480 | 00:52:35,400 | 00:52:38,200 | It's absolutely awe-inspiring. | It's absolutely awe-inspiring. |
481 | 00:52:40,080 | 00:52:42,400 | I just can't believe the iguanas | I just can't believe the iguanas |
482 | 00:52:42,520 | 00:52:45,560 | actually manage to navigate down these slopes | actually manage to navigate down these slopes |
483 | 00:52:45,680 | 00:52:48,200 | into the bowl of this volcano. | into the bowl of this volcano. |
484 | 00:52:49,960 | 00:52:54,800 | More people have been into space than to the bottom of Fernandina's crater, | More people have been into space than to the bottom of Fernandina's crater, |
485 | 00:52:54,920 | 00:52:58,200 | but that is exactly where Richard and the team must go | but that is exactly where Richard and the team must go |
486 | 00:52:58,320 | 00:53:01,800 | if they are to film the nesting iguanas. | if they are to film the nesting iguanas. |
487 | 00:53:05,640 | 00:53:08,640 | From their campsite at the edge of the volcano, | From their campsite at the edge of the volcano, |
488 | 00:53:08,760 | 00:53:12,160 | it's an extremely dangerous journey down to the crater floor, | it's an extremely dangerous journey down to the crater floor, |
489 | 00:53:12,280 | 00:53:18,840 | and assistant producer Toby wants to be clear with everyone what is at stake. | and assistant producer Toby wants to be clear with everyone what is at stake. |
490 | 00:53:18,960 | 00:53:21,720 | (TRANSLATED FROM SPANISH) | (TRANSLATED FROM SPANISH) |
491 | 00:53:36,800 | 00:53:39,440 | There's only one passable route down, | There's only one passable route down, |
492 | 00:53:39,560 | 00:53:42,120 | and as the team enter the lip of the volcano, | and as the team enter the lip of the volcano, |
493 | 00:53:42,240 | 00:53:46,280 | the sound of rockfall is all around. | the sound of rockfall is all around. |
494 | 00:53:47,680 | 00:53:49,720 | (ROCKFALL) | (ROCKFALL) |
495 | 00:53:49,840 | 00:53:51,880 | (WOMAN SHOUTS OUT) | (WOMAN SHOUTS OUT) |
496 | 00:53:56,240 | 00:54:00,400 | Regular earthquakes make the crater walls very unstable. | Regular earthquakes make the crater walls very unstable. |
497 | 00:54:05,360 | 00:54:06,880 | Just keeps getting better. | Just keeps getting better. |
498 | 00:54:07,000 | 00:54:11,280 | Not far away, some Iguanas are making their own descent, | Not far away, some Iguanas are making their own descent, |
499 | 00:54:11,400 | 00:54:14,200 | disturbing the loose surface as they go. | disturbing the loose surface as they go. |
500 | 00:54:25,520 | 00:54:28,760 | [fa creature only a sixth of the size of a person | [fa creature only a sixth of the size of a person |
501 | 00:54:28,880 | 00:54:32,520 | can start a deadly avalanche of razor-sharp rocks, | can start a deadly avalanche of razor-sharp rocks, |
502 | 00:54:32,640 | 00:54:34,640 | what can a whole film crew do? | what can a whole film crew do? |
503 | 00:54:34,760 | 00:54:36,640 | (ROCKFALL) | (ROCKFALL) |
504 | 00:54:41,760 | 00:54:45,640 | It's clear the crew are going to have to be extremely cautious. | It's clear the crew are going to have to be extremely cautious. |
505 | 00:54:45,760 | 00:54:47,520 | (ROCKFALL DROWNS OUT WORDS) | (ROCKFALL DROWNS OUT WORDS) |
506 | 00:54:50,880 | 00:54:55,680 | On the steepest slopes, the equipment needs to be lowered with ropes. | On the steepest slopes, the equipment needs to be lowered with ropes. |
507 | 00:55:02,640 | 00:55:06,360 | With rocks falling all around, the longer they're on the slopes, | With rocks falling all around, the longer they're on the slopes, |
508 | 00:55:06,480 | 00:55:09,480 | the greater the risk of an accident. | the greater the risk of an accident. |
509 | 00:55:13,880 | 00:55:18,640 | But when one misstep can start an avalanche, hurrying is impossible. | But when one misstep can start an avalanche, hurrying is impossible. |
510 | 00:55:21,960 | 00:55:25,680 | Finally, the prize of the crater floor is in sight. | Finally, the prize of the crater floor is in sight. |
511 | 00:55:25,800 | 00:55:28,800 | But just below there is where the iguanas are nesting. | But just below there is where the iguanas are nesting. |
512 | 00:55:28,920 | 00:55:31,960 | We're very close to it now, about an hour's walk. | We're very close to it now, about an hour's walk. |
513 | 00:55:33,000 | 00:55:36,760 | All that lies between them is a stretch of loose lava | All that lies between them is a stretch of loose lava |
514 | 00:55:36,880 | 00:55:40,920 | that has cascaded down the slopes after the last eruption. | that has cascaded down the slopes after the last eruption. |
515 | 00:55:43,160 | 00:55:46,520 | (ROCKFALL) | (ROCKFALL) |
516 | 00:55:53,920 | 00:55:59,320 | RICHARD: We're actually in the crater now, surrounded by these vertical walls. | RICHARD: We're actually in the crater now, surrounded by these vertical walls. |
517 | 00:56:00,840 | 00:56:04,680 | I just can't believe that we really made it down here. | I just can't believe that we really made it down here. |
518 | 00:56:05,720 | 00:56:09,040 | Sometimes I doubted that, you know, we would actually make it. | Sometimes I doubted that, you know, we would actually make it. |
519 | 00:56:12,440 | 00:56:14,960 | And there they were - iguanas, | And there they were - iguanas, |
520 | 00:56:15,080 | 00:56:16,680 | using the warm volcanic ash | using the warm volcanic ash |
521 | 00:56:16,800 | 00:56:18,880 | to incubate their eggs. | to incubate their eggs. |
522 | 00:56:22,480 | 00:56:26,560 | For Richard, after 25 years living in the Galápagos, | For Richard, after 25 years living in the Galápagos, |
523 | 00:56:26,680 | 00:56:31,920 | filming this unique behaviour is a lifelong dream come true. | filming this unique behaviour is a lifelong dream come true. |
524 | 00:56:34,400 | 00:56:37,280 | My God, what an incredible place this is! | My God, what an incredible place this is! |
525 | 00:56:37,400 | 00:56:42,480 | It's such a vivid feeling to be constantly challenged | It's such a vivid feeling to be constantly challenged |
526 | 00:56:42,600 | 00:56:44,480 | by the forces of nature like that. | by the forces of nature like that. |
527 | 00:56:44,600 | 00:56:48,080 | But they have to do this every year in order to survive. | But they have to do this every year in order to survive. |
528 | 00:56:49,520 | 00:56:51,480 | I'll never forget, for as long as I live. | I'll never forget, for as long as I live. |
529 | 00:56:53,040 | 00:56:55,160 | What an adventure. What an adventure! | What an adventure. What an adventure! |