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1 00:00:32,800 00:00:34,800 DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: A Perfect' Planet'. DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: A Perfect' Planet'.
2 00:00:42,160 00:00:47,800 All life in the oceans depends on the continuous movement of water. All life in the oceans depends on the continuous movement of water.
3 00:01:01,320 00:01:04,720 There are not five separate oceans on Earth, There are not five separate oceans on Earth,
4 00:01:04,840 00:01:06,280 but just one... but just one...
5 00:01:06,400 00:01:10,960 ...whose parts are linked by powerful, unceasing currents. ...whose parts are linked by powerful, unceasing currents.
6 00:01:13,280 00:01:17,560 Every drop of seawater on Earth rides these currents, Every drop of seawater on Earth rides these currents,
7 00:01:17,680 00:01:21,640 taking a thousand years to complete a single circuit. taking a thousand years to complete a single circuit.
8 00:01:25,280 00:01:27,320 And where there are currents... And where there are currents...
9 00:01:27,440 00:01:29,240 ...there is life. ...there is life.
10 00:01:46,720 00:01:48,960 Off the coast of South Africa, Off the coast of South Africa,
11 00:01:49,080 00:01:50,840 dolphins are on the hunt. dolphins are on the hunt.
12 00:02:01,680 00:02:04,160 They have found a cold-water current They have found a cold-water current
13 00:02:04,280 00:02:07,640 and are now travelling along it looking for food. and are now travelling along it looking for food.
14 00:02:10,560 00:02:12,920 Gannets follow them. Gannets follow them.
15 00:02:14,800 00:02:18,760 They know that doing so is the fastest way to a meal. They know that doing so is the fastest way to a meal.
16 00:02:24,880 00:02:26,480 A shoal of mackerel - A shoal of mackerel -
17 00:02:26,600 00:02:29,040 just what the dolphins have been looking for. just what the dolphins have been looking for.
18 00:02:35,320 00:02:38,760 They encircle the fish, driving them into a bait ball, They encircle the fish, driving them into a bait ball,
19 00:02:38,880 00:02:41,800 and then trap them against the surface and then trap them against the surface
20 00:02:41,920 00:02:44,720 to prevent them from escaping to deeper water. to prevent them from escaping to deeper water.
21 00:02:49,520 00:02:52,240 Now the fish are within range of the dive-bombing gannets, Now the fish are within range of the dive-bombing gannets,
22 00:02:52,360 00:02:55,960 who hit the water at 50 miles an hour. who hit the water at 50 miles an hour.
23 00:03:19,240 00:03:23,360 A sudden gathering of thousands of predators brought together A sudden gathering of thousands of predators brought together
24 00:03:23,480 00:03:26,560 by the flow of currents. by the flow of currents.
25 00:03:42,240 00:03:44,600 Last to the feast are sharks. Last to the feast are sharks.
26 00:04:08,120 00:04:10,120 In these vast open waters, In these vast open waters,
27 00:04:10,240 00:04:15,360 finding food would be all but impossible without currents, finding food would be all but impossible without currents,
28 00:04:15,480 00:04:19,680 the highways of the seas that bring this life together. the highways of the seas that bring this life together.
29 00:04:24,360 00:04:26,720 When the bait ball has been dispersed, When the bait ball has been dispersed,
30 00:04:26,840 00:04:31,320 all that is left are scales drifting downwards. all that is left are scales drifting downwards.
31 00:04:36,120 00:04:41,960 They are part of a slow, never-ending blizzard of organic waste They are part of a slow, never-ending blizzard of organic waste
32 00:04:42,080 00:04:45,720 that eventually settles on the sea floor. that eventually settles on the sea floor.
33 00:04:48,280 00:04:50,760 But it doesn't stay here for ever. But it doesn't stay here for ever.
34 00:04:51,800 00:04:55,920 The currents sweep it back up into the sunlit surface waters... The currents sweep it back up into the sunlit surface waters...
35 00:04:57,360 00:05:00,440 ...where it nourishes clouds of phytoplankton... ...where it nourishes clouds of phytoplankton...
36 00:05:02,800 00:05:06,960 ...simple microscopic plants that are the pastures of the seas. ...simple microscopic plants that are the pastures of the seas.
37 00:05:17,200 00:05:20,040 There are thousands of different kinds, There are thousands of different kinds,
38 00:05:20,160 00:05:24,200 and together they produce half of all the oxygen in the atmosphere... and together they produce half of all the oxygen in the atmosphere...
39 00:05:25,520 00:05:29,280 ...more than all our forests and jungles combined. ...more than all our forests and jungles combined.
40 00:05:31,440 00:05:33,840 And by absorbing carbon, And by absorbing carbon,
41 00:05:33,960 00:05:38,160 they are our greatest ally in combating climate change. they are our greatest ally in combating climate change.
42 00:05:43,000 00:05:48,280 Plankton are the foundation of almost all life in the ocean, Plankton are the foundation of almost all life in the ocean,
43 00:05:48,400 00:05:53,360 for in those places where the currents bring nutrients to the surface, for in those places where the currents bring nutrients to the surface,
44 00:05:53,480 00:05:56,480 they multiply in astonishing numbers... they multiply in astonishing numbers...
45 00:05:57,760 00:05:59,800 ...turning the ocean green. ...turning the ocean green.
46 00:06:06,080 00:06:10,960 The currents travelling through our oceans bring life to seas The currents travelling through our oceans bring life to seas
47 00:06:11,080 00:06:13,760 that would otherwise be marine deserts. that would otherwise be marine deserts.
48 00:06:18,680 00:06:22,240 The Galápagos Islands lie in the path of one of them, The Galápagos Islands lie in the path of one of them,
49 00:06:22,360 00:06:24,640 the deep-flowing Cromwell Current the deep-flowing Cromwell Current
50 00:06:24,760 00:06:27,840 that runs for 6,000 miles across the Pacific. that runs for 6,000 miles across the Pacific.
51 00:06:31,360 00:06:34,320 As it approaches Fernandina Island, As it approaches Fernandina Island,
52 00:06:34,440 00:06:38,200 it rises and delivers nutrients into its shallows. it rises and delivers nutrients into its shallows.
53 00:06:51,480 00:06:55,920 And it also brings life to this otherwise barren island. And it also brings life to this otherwise barren island.
54 00:07:13,840 00:07:15,800 Iguanas. Iguanas.
55 00:07:17,480 00:07:19,600 There are thousands of them. There are thousands of them.
56 00:07:26,320 00:07:31,000 And yet there's nothing on the island for these vegetarians to eat. And yet there's nothing on the island for these vegetarians to eat.
57 00:07:33,600 00:07:34,800 Or... Or...
58 00:07:34,920 00:07:37,040 ...almost nothing. ...almost nothing.
59 00:07:39,880 00:07:44,720 Cormorants bring seaweed ashore with which to make their nests. Cormorants bring seaweed ashore with which to make their nests.
60 00:07:46,400 00:07:49,400 But what is building material for a cormorant But what is building material for a cormorant
61 00:07:49,520 00:07:51,280 is food for an iguana. is food for an iguana.
62 00:07:51,400 00:07:53,160 (SQUAWKS) (SQUAWKS)
63 00:07:57,920 00:08:00,240 Both these species evolved here, Both these species evolved here,
64 00:08:00,360 00:08:03,640 but that doesn't necessarily make them good neighbours. but that doesn't necessarily make them good neighbours.
65 00:08:08,040 00:08:12,160 No matter. He knows where there's more elsewhere. No matter. He knows where there's more elsewhere.
66 00:08:13,560 00:08:16,040 He's a marine iguana... He's a marine iguana...
67 00:08:21,560 00:08:23,840 ...the only lizard in the world ...the only lizard in the world
68 00:08:23,960 00:08:25,840 that gets its food from the sea. that gets its food from the sea.
69 00:08:37,640 00:08:40,440 The seaweed on which he totally relies The seaweed on which he totally relies
70 00:08:40,560 00:08:43,200 only grows in abundance here only grows in abundance here
71 00:08:43,320 00:08:47,520 because of the nutrients brought by the Cromwell Current. because of the nutrients brought by the Cromwell Current.
72 00:08:54,040 00:08:58,240 Once in the water, he has just 30 minutes to find food. Once in the water, he has just 30 minutes to find food.
73 00:09:06,080 00:09:07,800 Any longer than that, Any longer than that,
74 00:09:07,920 00:09:10,880 and his muscles will seize up and he'll drown... and his muscles will seize up and he'll drown...
75 00:09:12,640 00:09:16,280 ...for, like most reptiles, he can't handle the cold. ...for, like most reptiles, he can't handle the cold.
76 00:09:25,440 00:09:29,440 Chilly water isn't a problem for a warm-blooded cormorant. Chilly water isn't a problem for a warm-blooded cormorant.
77 00:09:30,640 00:09:32,920 She can swim in it all day, She can swim in it all day,
78 00:09:33,040 00:09:35,640 but can only hold her breath for a few minutes. but can only hold her breath for a few minutes.
79 00:09:42,720 00:09:44,720 He, on the other hand, He, on the other hand,
80 00:09:44,840 00:09:47,240 completes his whole half-hour trip completes his whole half-hour trip
81 00:09:47,360 00:09:49,720 on one single breath. on one single breath.
82 00:09:51,760 00:09:53,760 His flat face and sharp teeth His flat face and sharp teeth
83 00:09:53,880 00:09:57,080 make him an efficient seaweed-cropping machine, make him an efficient seaweed-cropping machine,
84 00:09:57,200 00:10:00,520 but with the clock ticking, he must eat fast. but with the clock ticking, he must eat fast.
85 00:10:04,800 00:10:07,640 The cormorant, having caught its fish, The cormorant, having caught its fish,
86 00:10:07,760 00:10:10,080 goes back to the surface. goes back to the surface.
87 00:10:12,400 00:10:14,040 One last mouthful, One last mouthful,
88 00:10:14,160 00:10:17,640 and it's also time for the iguana to head for home. and it's also time for the iguana to head for home.
89 00:10:20,920 00:10:24,160 But to stop his muscles from seizing up in the cold water, But to stop his muscles from seizing up in the cold water,
90 00:10:24,280 00:10:26,280 he must get back quickly. he must get back quickly.
91 00:10:30,440 00:10:34,880 So he could do without the attentions of an inquisitive sea lion. So he could do without the attentions of an inquisitive sea lion.
92 00:10:58,520 00:11:01,720 Dry land is now just 30 metres away, Dry land is now just 30 metres away,
93 00:11:01,840 00:11:05,040 but the biggest hurdle is still to come. but the biggest hurdle is still to come.
94 00:11:14,400 00:11:18,520 The surging water now fights against him. The surging water now fights against him.
95 00:11:25,120 00:11:26,400 He's out, He's out,
96 00:11:26,520 00:11:30,600 but he stayed in the cold so long that he's lost his strength. but he stayed in the cold so long that he's lost his strength.
97 00:12:11,520 00:12:13,320 And he's made it. And he's made it.
98 00:12:16,280 00:12:21,840 Few reptiles on the planet have to work harder for a meal than he does. Few reptiles on the planet have to work harder for a meal than he does.
99 00:12:24,560 00:12:25,720 And tomorrow, And tomorrow,
100 00:12:25,840 00:12:27,960 he'll have to do it all over again... he'll have to do it all over again...
101 00:12:30,760 00:12:32,560 ...unless next time ...unless next time
102 00:12:32,680 00:12:34,840 he can outwit his neighbour. he can outwit his neighbour.
103 00:12:40,600 00:12:44,760 Over 100,000 marine iguanas live on Fernandina... Over 100,000 marine iguanas live on Fernandina...
104 00:12:46,200 00:12:49,640 ...and each owes its existence to the Cromwell Current ...and each owes its existence to the Cromwell Current
105 00:12:49,760 00:12:52,320 that brings nutrients to these shores. that brings nutrients to these shores.
106 00:12:55,040 00:12:57,840 But there is another, much bigger current But there is another, much bigger current
107 00:12:57,960 00:13:02,760 which carries water from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. which carries water from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean.
108 00:13:05,920 00:13:10,440 On this great journey, it travels through the islands of Indonesia, On this great journey, it travels through the islands of Indonesia,
109 00:13:10,560 00:13:13,400 bringing together life from both oceans. bringing together life from both oceans.
110 00:13:20,480 00:13:24,840 A third of all the world's reef fish live here. A third of all the world's reef fish live here.
111 00:13:28,840 00:13:31,800 Some call it the Coral Triangle, Some call it the Coral Triangle,
112 00:13:31,920 00:13:35,120 the most diverse marine region on Earth. the most diverse marine region on Earth.
113 00:13:43,280 00:13:46,920 The variety here is dazzling, not just of coral, The variety here is dazzling, not just of coral,
114 00:13:47,040 00:13:49,800 but of animals of all kinds. but of animals of all kinds.
115 00:14:00,200 00:14:04,120 Few are stranger than the flamboyant cuttlefish. Few are stranger than the flamboyant cuttlefish.
116 00:14:07,280 00:14:11,080 This is a male, just five centimetres long. This is a male, just five centimetres long.
117 00:14:16,480 00:14:20,320 Swimming against the current isn't easy when you're small, Swimming against the current isn't easy when you're small,
118 00:14:20,440 00:14:23,960 so, instead, he prefers to walk... so, instead, he prefers to walk...
119 00:14:25,160 00:14:27,600 ...very, very slowly. ...very, very slowly.
120 00:14:31,680 00:14:34,280 He's a master of camouflage. He's a master of camouflage.
121 00:14:34,400 00:14:37,400 But right now he wants to be noticed. But right now he wants to be noticed.
122 00:14:40,280 00:14:42,160 He's looking for a mate. He's looking for a mate.
123 00:14:44,040 00:14:47,080 His potential partner is a giant by comparison, His potential partner is a giant by comparison,
124 00:14:47,200 00:14:48,960 four times his size. four times his size.
125 00:14:54,240 00:14:56,080 When it comes to courtship, When it comes to courtship,
126 00:14:56,200 00:14:58,520 being flamboyant isn't enough. being flamboyant isn't enough.
127 00:15:04,720 00:15:07,160 To win her over, he must dazzle. To win her over, he must dazzle.
128 00:15:14,120 00:15:17,960 His aim is to deposit a packet of sperm His aim is to deposit a packet of sperm
129 00:15:18,080 00:15:19,960 inside her mouth. inside her mouth.
130 00:15:23,080 00:15:24,000 Close... Close...
131 00:15:25,120 00:15:26,840 ...but no cigar. ...but no cigar.
132 00:15:32,880 00:15:35,280 He'll have to turn up the dazzle. He'll have to turn up the dazzle.
133 00:15:41,880 00:15:43,520 Take two. Take two.
134 00:15:47,280 00:15:49,160 Bingo! Bingo!
135 00:16:00,120 00:16:01,920 His job is clone. His job is clone.
136 00:16:02,040 00:16:05,760 Now she must find somewhere to lay their eggs. Now she must find somewhere to lay their eggs.
137 00:16:07,680 00:16:10,880 An old shell will do nicely An old shell will do nicely
138 00:16:11,000 00:16:13,920 if she can slip past the present occupant. if she can slip past the present occupant.
139 00:16:18,960 00:16:22,880 She fastens her eggs to the underside of the shell, She fastens her eggs to the underside of the shell,
140 00:16:23,000 00:16:25,760 where they'll be safe from predators. where they'll be safe from predators.
141 00:16:38,960 00:16:43,120 The current that brings so much life to the Coral Triangle The current that brings so much life to the Coral Triangle
142 00:16:43,240 00:16:47,520 now washes the eggs with clean, oxygenated water. now washes the eggs with clean, oxygenated water.
143 00:16:53,640 00:16:55,720 After just three weeks, After just three weeks,
144 00:16:55,840 00:16:57,640 they start to hatch. they start to hatch.
145 00:17:01,600 00:17:04,200 Smaller than a human fingernail, Smaller than a human fingernail,
146 00:17:04,320 00:17:07,400 the hatchlings are now carried by the current the hatchlings are now carried by the current
147 00:17:07,520 00:17:09,880 to other parts of the reef. to other parts of the reef.
148 00:17:17,200 00:17:19,800 And in just a few months, And in just a few months,
149 00:17:19,920 00:17:24,720 this young male will be ready to find a female of his own. this young male will be ready to find a female of his own.
150 00:17:30,480 00:17:33,120 By a stroke of cosmic good fortune, By a stroke of cosmic good fortune,
151 00:17:33,240 00:17:34,840 the Earth has a satellite, the Earth has a satellite,
152 00:17:34,960 00:17:36,440 the moon, the moon,
153 00:17:36,560 00:17:40,440 which orbits our planet every 27 clays. which orbits our planet every 27 clays.
154 00:17:44,120 00:17:48,920 Its gravitational pull drags our oceans across the planet... Its gravitational pull drags our oceans across the planet...
155 00:17:51,560 00:17:54,320 ...and so gives us the tides. ...and so gives us the tides.
156 00:17:58,880 00:18:02,120 Unlike currents that stir the open ocean, Unlike currents that stir the open ocean,
157 00:18:02,240 00:18:05,360 the tides have their greatest impact on the coasts, the tides have their greatest impact on the coasts,
158 00:18:05,480 00:18:10,200 flushing them with nutrients from both sea and land. flushing them with nutrients from both sea and land.
159 00:18:12,800 00:18:16,640 And nowhere are they more violent and dramatic than here... And nowhere are they more violent and dramatic than here...
160 00:18:18,400 00:18:21,040 ...Norway's Saltstraumen strait. ...Norway's Saltstraumen strait.
161 00:18:23,720 00:18:24,920 Every six hours, Every six hours,
162 00:18:25,040 00:18:27,360 nearly half a billion tonnes of water nearly half a billion tonnes of water
163 00:18:27,480 00:18:28,640 are forced through a channel are forced through a channel
164 00:18:28,760 00:18:31,760 just 150 metres wide. just 150 metres wide.
165 00:18:33,320 00:18:36,880 Its very narrowness accelerates the water... Its very narrowness accelerates the water...
166 00:18:37,960 00:18:43,080 ...making this the strongest tidal pull in the world. ...making this the strongest tidal pull in the world.
167 00:18:57,200 00:19:01,360 Most animals caught here would be swept away. Most animals caught here would be swept away.
168 00:19:04,360 00:19:07,480 But not these tidal specialists. But not these tidal specialists.
169 00:19:07,600 00:19:09,920 Eiders are one of the few ducks Eiders are one of the few ducks
170 00:19:10,040 00:19:12,080 that depend totally on the ocean that depend totally on the ocean
171 00:19:12,200 00:19:14,160 for their survival. for their survival.
172 00:19:16,800 00:19:19,600 And they're the only kind strong enough And they're the only kind strong enough
173 00:19:19,720 00:19:23,080 to live permanently in these racing waters. to live permanently in these racing waters.
174 00:19:30,360 00:19:32,680 But there is food here, and in great quantity, But there is food here, and in great quantity,
175 00:19:32,800 00:19:35,280 for any that can gather it... for any that can gather it...
176 00:19:36,600 00:19:37,920 ...mussels. ...mussels.
177 00:19:39,200 00:19:44,680 They filter out particles of food brought to them by the tide. They filter out particles of food brought to them by the tide.
178 00:19:45,960 00:19:48,320 And eider ducks love mussels. And eider ducks love mussels.
179 00:19:51,520 00:19:54,080 The challenge is reaching them. The challenge is reaching them.
180 00:20:11,680 00:20:13,760 Eiders seem to be the only creatures Eiders seem to be the only creatures
181 00:20:13,880 00:20:17,720 that can hold their own in the fast-flowing water... that can hold their own in the fast-flowing water...
182 00:20:20,120 00:20:23,080 ...so they have the mussels all to themselves. ...so they have the mussels all to themselves.
183 00:20:25,040 00:20:28,440 They swallow them whole, shell and all. They swallow them whole, shell and all.
184 00:20:32,680 00:20:35,760 Each eider duck eats hundreds of mussels a clay... Each eider duck eats hundreds of mussels a clay...
185 00:20:37,560 00:20:39,120 ...a year-round feast ...a year-round feast
186 00:20:39,240 00:20:40,920 that no others can reach. that no others can reach.
187 00:20:52,800 00:20:55,120 The tides here owe their power The tides here owe their power
188 00:20:55,240 00:20:58,440 to the unique geography of the coastline. to the unique geography of the coastline.
189 00:20:59,960 00:21:01,560 But elsewhere in our oceans, But elsewhere in our oceans,
190 00:21:01,680 00:21:04,640 the lay of the land influences tides the lay of the land influences tides
191 00:21:04,760 00:21:06,680 in a very different way. in a very different way.
192 00:21:09,680 00:21:11,280 Here in the Bahamas, Here in the Bahamas,
193 00:21:11,400 00:21:15,520 wide, shallow sandbanks mean the tide moves gently wide, shallow sandbanks mean the tide moves gently
194 00:21:15,640 00:21:17,240 over the sea floor... over the sea floor...
195 00:21:18,640 00:21:21,200 ...turning what would be a sandy desert ...turning what would be a sandy desert
196 00:21:21,320 00:21:23,640 into a rich underwater habitat. into a rich underwater habitat.
197 00:21:26,920 00:21:31,640 This is the home of garden eels and razorfish. This is the home of garden eels and razorfish.
198 00:21:35,760 00:21:40,680 And fresh food arrives for them from deeper waters twice a day. And fresh food arrives for them from deeper waters twice a day.
199 00:21:43,320 00:21:46,680 Life seems unhurried and gentle... Life seems unhurried and gentle...
200 00:21:48,360 00:21:51,360 ...but there is trouble in paradise. ...but there is trouble in paradise.
201 00:21:53,000 00:21:54,480 (WHISTLING AND CLICKING) (WHISTLING AND CLICKING)
202 00:21:54,600 00:21:57,280 These bottlenose dolphins eat razorfish, These bottlenose dolphins eat razorfish,
203 00:21:57,400 00:22:01,480 and they're not so easily fooled by vanishing tricks. and they're not so easily fooled by vanishing tricks.
204 00:22:06,800 00:22:10,120 They scan the sand with echolocating clicks They scan the sand with echolocating clicks
205 00:22:10,240 00:22:14,480 to discover exactly where the razorfish are hiding. to discover exactly where the razorfish are hiding.
206 00:22:15,760 00:22:18,000 (CLICKING CONTINUES) (CLICKING CONTINUES)
207 00:22:31,400 00:22:35,000 But knowing where they are is not the same as catching them. But knowing where they are is not the same as catching them.
208 00:22:40,520 00:22:42,600 The more the dolphins dig, The more the dolphins dig,
209 00:22:42,720 00:22:45,480 the deeper the razorfish burrow. the deeper the razorfish burrow.
210 00:22:49,160 00:22:51,360 But it's clearly not deep enough. But it's clearly not deep enough.
211 00:23:01,480 00:23:03,720 Blowing jets of water into the sand Blowing jets of water into the sand
212 00:23:03,840 00:23:07,600 exposes even the most hard-to-reach razorfish. exposes even the most hard-to-reach razorfish.
213 00:23:11,200 00:23:15,800 Before long, the dolphins have had enough and they move on. Before long, the dolphins have had enough and they move on.
214 00:23:17,960 00:23:20,720 It looks as if they have picked the sand clean... It looks as if they have picked the sand clean...
215 00:23:26,240 00:23:27,760 ...but here, at least, ...but here, at least,
216 00:23:27,880 00:23:31,640 there really are plenty more fish in the sea. there really are plenty more fish in the sea.
217 00:23:41,600 00:23:45,080 Closer to the land, the same tides bring nourishment Closer to the land, the same tides bring nourishment
218 00:23:45,200 00:23:48,560 to one of the most threatened of coastal habitats... to one of the most threatened of coastal habitats...
219 00:23:50,120 00:23:51,760 ...mangrove forests... ...mangrove forests...
220 00:23:53,320 00:23:54,920 ...part land... ...part land...
221 00:23:55,040 00:23:56,880 ...part sea. ...part sea.
222 00:23:59,760 00:24:01,640 Mangroves are the only trees Mangroves are the only trees
223 00:24:01,760 00:24:04,600 capable of surviving in salt water capable of surviving in salt water
224 00:24:04,720 00:24:09,480 and are specially adapted to it coming and going twice every day. and are specially adapted to it coming and going twice every day.
225 00:24:16,480 00:24:20,240 As seawater floods in, fish come with it. As seawater floods in, fish come with it.
226 00:24:21,840 00:24:23,960 Here, in the flooded forests, Here, in the flooded forests,
227 00:24:24,080 00:24:26,880 they can find both food and shelter. they can find both food and shelter.
228 00:24:33,280 00:24:37,080 Stingrays ride on the incoming tide. Stingrays ride on the incoming tide.
229 00:24:43,960 00:24:46,920 Other commuters follow. Other commuters follow.
230 00:24:47,040 00:24:50,840 Young lemon sharks, still far from full-grown, Young lemon sharks, still far from full-grown,
231 00:24:50,960 00:24:52,600 are looking for food. are looking for food.
232 00:25:08,160 00:25:10,600 When the tide is at its highest, When the tide is at its highest,
233 00:25:10,720 00:25:13,000 even adult lemon sharks even adult lemon sharks
234 00:25:13,120 00:25:14,680 can get into the mangroves. can get into the mangroves.
235 00:25:17,480 00:25:21,440 A three-metre female moves cautiously into the shallows. A three-metre female moves cautiously into the shallows.
236 00:25:25,200 00:25:26,880 She can't stay here for long, She can't stay here for long,
237 00:25:27,000 00:25:29,600 but then she hasn't come here to hunt. but then she hasn't come here to hunt.
238 00:25:36,480 00:25:38,280 She's come to give birth... She's come to give birth...
239 00:25:40,640 00:25:44,360 ...returning to the very place where she was born. ...returning to the very place where she was born.
240 00:25:47,160 00:25:51,640 She has nourished the pups inside her body with a placenta, She has nourished the pups inside her body with a placenta,
241 00:25:51,760 00:25:53,200 as we do. as we do.
242 00:25:59,640 00:26:02,920 The mangroves provide an ideal nursery for them, The mangroves provide an ideal nursery for them,
243 00:26:03,040 00:26:06,400 and placing them here gives them an excellent start, and placing them here gives them an excellent start,
244 00:26:06,520 00:26:10,120 but that is the end of her parental care. but that is the end of her parental care.
245 00:26:11,640 00:26:13,520 She has to return to deeper water She has to return to deeper water
246 00:26:13,640 00:26:15,840 before the tide goes out. before the tide goes out.
247 00:26:19,440 00:26:23,480 Her young must now fend for themselves. Her young must now fend for themselves.
248 00:26:26,320 00:26:30,800 The pups instinctively take refuge among the roots of the mangroves. The pups instinctively take refuge among the roots of the mangroves.
249 00:26:33,640 00:26:39,440 They're so small they can swim deep into this tangled labyrinth. They're so small they can swim deep into this tangled labyrinth.
250 00:26:50,680 00:26:52,640 With the tide fast receding, With the tide fast receding,
251 00:26:52,760 00:26:54,720 even they need to find a place even they need to find a place
252 00:26:54,840 00:26:57,760 where they won't be left high and dry... where they won't be left high and dry...
253 00:26:58,800 00:27:00,520 ...a place like this... ...a place like this...
254 00:27:02,000 00:27:06,240 ...a permanent pool in the heart of the mangrove forest. ...a permanent pool in the heart of the mangrove forest.
255 00:27:12,560 00:27:15,480 Only the smallest sharks can get here, Only the smallest sharks can get here,
256 00:27:15,600 00:27:17,720 and only at the highest tides. and only at the highest tides.
257 00:27:24,920 00:27:27,520 The pups will spend the next two years here, The pups will spend the next two years here,
258 00:27:27,640 00:27:32,680 perfecting the skills that make them one of the ocean's top hunters. perfecting the skills that make them one of the ocean's top hunters.
259 00:27:36,280 00:27:37,840 And it seems... And it seems...
260 00:27:38,840 00:27:40,880 ...that there's a lot to learn. ...that there's a lot to learn.
261 00:27:47,200 00:27:48,760 Got one'.! Got one'.!
262 00:27:54,000 00:28:00,320 All life at the coasts has to move to the daily rhythm of the tides, All life at the coasts has to move to the daily rhythm of the tides,
263 00:28:00,440 00:28:03,840 but tides are not the same throughout the year. but tides are not the same throughout the year.
264 00:28:09,600 00:28:15,320 Every month, when our planet, the moon and the sun are all aligned, Every month, when our planet, the moon and the sun are all aligned,
265 00:28:15,440 00:28:21,080 the increased gravitational pull produces particularly high tides. the increased gravitational pull produces particularly high tides.
266 00:28:22,760 00:28:25,920 And this triggers a truly extraordinary event And this triggers a truly extraordinary event
267 00:28:26,040 00:28:29,040 on one particular reef in the central Pacific. on one particular reef in the central Pacific.
268 00:28:35,800 00:28:38,800 Thousands of resident surgeonfish Thousands of resident surgeonfish
269 00:28:38,920 00:28:41,960 begin to assemble on these high tides. begin to assemble on these high tides.
270 00:28:46,680 00:28:51,360 And they are being followed by one of the largest fish in the sea... And they are being followed by one of the largest fish in the sea...
271 00:28:57,160 00:28:59,000 ...manta rays. ...manta rays.
272 00:29:08,080 00:29:13,440 The rays spend their year moving between coral islands. The rays spend their year moving between coral islands.
273 00:29:16,000 00:29:19,800 But it's only now, when the tide is at its highest But it's only now, when the tide is at its highest
274 00:29:19,920 00:29:21,440 and the surgeonfish have gathered, and the surgeonfish have gathered,
275 00:29:21,560 00:29:25,200 that they appear on this particular reef. that they appear on this particular reef.
276 00:29:29,120 00:29:30,600 Their timing is so perfect Their timing is so perfect
277 00:29:30,720 00:29:33,840 that they rarely have to wait more than an hour that they rarely have to wait more than an hour
278 00:29:33,960 00:29:36,040 for the event to begin. for the event to begin.
279 00:30:02,120 00:30:06,240 At the precise moment when the tide is at its highest, At the precise moment when the tide is at its highest,
280 00:30:06,360 00:30:09,200 the surgeonfish begin to spawn. the surgeonfish begin to spawn.
281 00:30:11,480 00:30:15,480 They release billions of eggs and sperm into the water. They release billions of eggs and sperm into the water.
282 00:30:19,760 00:30:22,560 Breeding in this way gives their fertilised eggs Breeding in this way gives their fertilised eggs
283 00:30:22,680 00:30:25,560 the best chance of being carried on the tide the best chance of being carried on the tide
284 00:30:25,680 00:30:28,040 away from predators that haunt the reef... away from predators that haunt the reef...
285 00:30:31,600 00:30:33,400 ...all except one. ...all except one.
286 00:30:36,760 00:30:39,120 The mantas move in. The mantas move in.
287 00:30:57,000 00:30:59,040 They gorge on the eggs, They gorge on the eggs,
288 00:30:59,160 00:31:02,880 filtering them out using specially adapted gills. filtering them out using specially adapted gills.
289 00:31:04,720 00:31:07,600 If the mantas had arrived just an hour later, If the mantas had arrived just an hour later,
290 00:31:07,720 00:31:11,080 there would have been nothing here for them to eat. there would have been nothing here for them to eat.
291 00:31:17,520 00:31:21,000 No-one knows how the mantas are so perfectly in tune No-one knows how the mantas are so perfectly in tune
292 00:31:21,120 00:31:23,240 with the rhythm of the tides. with the rhythm of the tides.
293 00:31:29,480 00:31:33,800 But they appear without fail whenever the surgeonfish spawn. But they appear without fail whenever the surgeonfish spawn.
294 00:31:42,000 00:31:43,840 Most of the eggs, however, Most of the eggs, however,
295 00:31:43,960 00:31:46,280 are carried out into the open ocean are carried out into the open ocean
296 00:31:46,400 00:31:49,240 before the mantas are able to eat them all. before the mantas are able to eat them all.
297 00:32:05,760 00:32:11,360 The rhythms of coastal life are influenced by another ocean force. The rhythms of coastal life are influenced by another ocean force.
298 00:32:15,200 00:32:19,360 Winds blowing over the sea so batter the surface Winds blowing over the sea so batter the surface
299 00:32:19,480 00:32:22,280 that it begins to rise and fall. that it begins to rise and fall.
300 00:32:24,240 00:32:26,120 These swells may travel far These swells may travel far
301 00:32:26,240 00:32:29,520 and reach the shores of even the most sheltered bays. and reach the shores of even the most sheltered bays.
302 00:32:30,480 00:32:32,920 As they approach shallower water, As they approach shallower water,
303 00:32:33,040 00:32:34,760 they turn into waves. they turn into waves.
304 00:32:39,480 00:32:41,320 A shoal of hardyheads, A shoal of hardyheads,
305 00:32:41,440 00:32:45,960 close to the beach of Australia's Lizard Island. close to the beach of Australia's Lizard Island.
306 00:32:47,120 00:32:51,960 The clearness of these glassy waters shows that they lack nutrients. The clearness of these glassy waters shows that they lack nutrients.
307 00:32:53,480 00:32:57,160 But the gentle waves expose food hidden in the sand, But the gentle waves expose food hidden in the sand,
308 00:32:57,280 00:33:00,520 and that's what the hardyheads are looking for. and that's what the hardyheads are looking for.
309 00:33:10,120 00:33:12,040 But...they must beware. But...they must beware.
310 00:33:15,800 00:33:18,640 Packs of trevally are on the hunt. Packs of trevally are on the hunt.
311 00:33:26,400 00:33:29,000 The hardyheads stick together. The hardyheads stick together.
312 00:33:30,040 00:33:31,920 There's safety in numbers. There's safety in numbers.
313 00:33:33,520 00:33:35,280 But they're vulnerable nonetheless. But they're vulnerable nonetheless.
314 00:33:46,680 00:33:50,360 They're so small, they can swim in the shallowest waters... They're so small, they can swim in the shallowest waters...
315 00:33:58,480 00:34:01,320 ...even in the body of the waves themselves, ...even in the body of the waves themselves,
316 00:34:01,440 00:34:03,840 out of the reach of their enemies. out of the reach of their enemies.
317 00:34:09,160 00:34:11,520 But trevally aren't their only concern. But trevally aren't their only concern.
318 00:34:21,080 00:34:23,280 Blacktip reef sharks. Blacktip reef sharks.
319 00:34:25,240 00:34:28,560 They are bigger and more powerful than trevally... They are bigger and more powerful than trevally...
320 00:34:30,680 00:34:33,040 ...but not as fast or as agile. ...but not as fast or as agile.
321 00:34:38,520 00:34:40,920 The hardyheads are well aware of them, The hardyheads are well aware of them,
322 00:34:41,040 00:34:44,720 but so long as they stay just out of reach, they have little to fear. but so long as they stay just out of reach, they have little to fear.
323 00:34:59,440 00:35:03,080 But now the sharks and the trevally join forces. But now the sharks and the trevally join forces.
324 00:35:09,000 00:35:11,240 Together, they enter the shallows, Together, they enter the shallows,
325 00:35:11,360 00:35:13,840 each looking for a chance to attack. each looking for a chance to attack.
326 00:35:31,000 00:35:33,040 The trevally make the first move... The trevally make the first move...
327 00:35:34,560 00:35:37,840 ...and the hardyheads take refuge again in the waves. ...and the hardyheads take refuge again in the waves.
328 00:35:39,120 00:35:42,280 And this is what the sharks have been waiting for. And this is what the sharks have been waiting for.
329 00:35:46,120 00:35:50,280 Surging forwards, they chase the hardyheads out of the water... Surging forwards, they chase the hardyheads out of the water...
330 00:35:51,600 00:35:56,400 ...beaching themselves in a daring bid to hoover up their prey. ...beaching themselves in a daring bid to hoover up their prey.
331 00:36:00,200 00:36:02,000 The hardyheads that escape the sharks The hardyheads that escape the sharks
332 00:36:02,120 00:36:04,920 swim back out to deeper water... swim back out to deeper water...
333 00:36:06,880 00:36:09,800 ...but into the mouths of the trevally. ...but into the mouths of the trevally.
334 00:36:20,800 00:36:23,920 Now the receding waves help to pull the sharks back Now the receding waves help to pull the sharks back
335 00:36:24,040 00:36:25,440 into deeper water. into deeper water.
336 00:36:55,680 00:36:59,520 In the chaos, the seabirds get their chance. In the chaos, the seabirds get their chance.
337 00:37:04,320 00:37:06,840 It's a feeding frenzy It's a feeding frenzy
338 00:37:06,960 00:37:09,960 in only ten centimetres of water. in only ten centimetres of water.
339 00:37:23,280 00:37:26,840 The power of waves is dramatically evident The power of waves is dramatically evident
340 00:37:26,960 00:37:28,920 when they crash onto our shores. when they crash onto our shores.
341 00:37:31,760 00:37:37,240 But the biggest of all start far away from land, out at sea. But the biggest of all start far away from land, out at sea.
342 00:37:37,360 00:37:40,080 (THUNDER CRASHES) (THUNDER CRASHES)
343 00:37:40,200 00:37:43,360 Great storms blowing over the surface of the ocean Great storms blowing over the surface of the ocean
344 00:37:43,480 00:37:46,280 raise towering walls of water. raise towering walls of water.
345 00:37:49,720 00:37:54,120 Such giant swells can travel for thousands of miles. Such giant swells can travel for thousands of miles.
346 00:37:56,760 00:37:58,400 As they approach land, As they approach land,
347 00:37:58,520 00:38:02,800 the shallowing sea floor begins to drag on their undersides, the shallowing sea floor begins to drag on their undersides,
348 00:38:02,920 00:38:04,800 and they topple forward... and they topple forward...
349 00:38:04,920 00:38:06,520 ...and break. ...and break.
350 00:38:10,520 00:38:15,040 This stirring of the ocean produces great riches. This stirring of the ocean produces great riches.
351 00:38:18,840 00:38:23,800 The Falkland Islands are surrounded by some of the stormiest waters on Earth... The Falkland Islands are surrounded by some of the stormiest waters on Earth...
352 00:38:27,480 00:38:31,240 ...ideal hunting grounds for rockhopper penguins. ...ideal hunting grounds for rockhopper penguins.
353 00:38:33,960 00:38:35,240 It's the breeding season, It's the breeding season,
354 00:38:35,360 00:38:40,480 and for the last two weeks, the males have been incubating the eggs by themselves. and for the last two weeks, the males have been incubating the eggs by themselves.
355 00:38:42,800 00:38:45,880 They're confined to the nest with nothing to eat, They're confined to the nest with nothing to eat,
356 00:38:46,000 00:38:48,840 while the females are out at sea collecting food. while the females are out at sea collecting food.
357 00:38:53,040 00:38:57,120 All across the colony, eggs are starting to hatch. All across the colony, eggs are starting to hatch.
358 00:38:59,440 00:39:02,760 This male now has two youngsters to care for. This male now has two youngsters to care for.
359 00:39:05,560 00:39:10,120 But he has no food to give them, and he can't leave them unprotected. But he has no food to give them, and he can't leave them unprotected.
360 00:39:12,000 00:39:14,280 He can do nothing but wait. He can do nothing but wait.
361 00:39:24,160 00:39:27,880 The females, after weeks fishing in the stormy seas, The females, after weeks fishing in the stormy seas,
362 00:39:28,000 00:39:31,880 are now heading for home with food in their crops. are now heading for home with food in their crops.
363 00:39:35,640 00:39:38,240 There's just one problem. There's just one problem.
364 00:39:38,360 00:39:43,040 The colony sits at the top of huge cliffs. The colony sits at the top of huge cliffs.
365 00:39:45,000 00:39:48,360 The waves that make feeding so good here The waves that make feeding so good here
366 00:39:48,480 00:39:51,240 have now become major obstacles. have now become major obstacles.
367 00:39:53,400 00:39:55,440 Timing is vital. Timing is vital.
368 00:40:09,880 00:40:11,160 Go too early... Go too early...
369 00:40:12,680 00:40:15,440 ...and they could be smashed against the rocks. ...and they could be smashed against the rocks.
370 00:40:21,480 00:40:23,640 Too late... Too late...
371 00:40:23,760 00:40:26,680 ...and they will be carried back out to sea. ...and they will be carried back out to sea.
372 00:40:32,400 00:40:34,800 Hooked claws now help to get purchase Hooked claws now help to get purchase
373 00:40:34,920 00:40:36,800 on the slippery rocks. on the slippery rocks.
374 00:40:39,960 00:40:42,240 But they're not out of trouble yet. But they're not out of trouble yet.
375 00:40:46,840 00:40:49,480 Success depends on both judgment... Success depends on both judgment...
376 00:40:49,600 00:40:50,880 ...and luck. ...and luck.
377 00:41:10,800 00:41:14,920 Time and again, the waves drag her back in. Time and again, the waves drag her back in.
378 00:41:21,520 00:41:23,480 She has to persevere. She has to persevere.
379 00:41:23,600 00:41:28,320 The lives of her chicks depend on her safe return. The lives of her chicks depend on her safe return.
380 00:41:59,840 00:42:01,880 Finally... Finally...
381 00:42:02,000 00:42:04,120 ...she's made it. ...she's made it.
382 00:42:13,880 00:42:16,240 They're not called rockhoppers for nothing. They're not called rockhoppers for nothing.
383 00:42:21,880 00:42:24,560 With one more jump, she's home. With one more jump, she's home.
384 00:42:27,760 00:42:29,440 And just in time. And just in time.
385 00:42:34,880 00:42:37,320 Her chicks are desperately hungry. Her chicks are desperately hungry.
386 00:42:44,880 00:42:47,160 This is their first proper meal. This is their first proper meal.
387 00:42:47,280 00:42:48,440 (CHICK CHEEPS) (CHICK CHEEPS)
388 00:42:58,000 00:43:02,840 The oceans have sustained life on our planet for millions of years. The oceans have sustained life on our planet for millions of years.
389 00:43:07,120 00:43:11,600 But today, there's growing evidence that this is changing. But today, there's growing evidence that this is changing.
390 00:43:17,480 00:43:19,480 As our climate warms, As our climate warms,
391 00:43:19,600 00:43:23,240 polar ice sheets are melting at an alarming rate. polar ice sheets are melting at an alarming rate.
392 00:43:27,480 00:43:32,000 In the Arctic alone, 14,000 tonnes of fresh water In the Arctic alone, 14,000 tonnes of fresh water
393 00:43:32,120 00:43:35,400 are emptying into the sea every second. are emptying into the sea every second.
394 00:43:43,040 00:43:47,320 This is slowing the flow of currents around the globe. This is slowing the flow of currents around the globe.
395 00:43:49,160 00:43:52,240 And if the atmosphere continues to warm, And if the atmosphere continues to warm,
396 00:43:52,360 00:43:56,320 ocean circulation could eventually stop altogether. ocean circulation could eventually stop altogether.
397 00:44:04,240 00:44:07,960 Our seas would then stagnate, Our seas would then stagnate,
398 00:44:08,080 00:44:10,360 threatening the life within them. threatening the life within them.
399 00:44:14,280 00:44:16,880 And there are places in the oceans today And there are places in the oceans today
400 00:44:17,000 00:44:19,960 where this is already beginning to happen. where this is already beginning to happen.
401 00:44:28,640 00:44:30,640 The Gulf of Thailand. The Gulf of Thailand.
402 00:44:37,960 00:44:41,840 Eden's whales have lived here for generations. Eden's whales have lived here for generations.
403 00:44:44,360 00:44:47,320 But the world around them is changing. But the world around them is changing.
404 00:44:56,680 00:45:01,640 Today, agricultural pollution flowing from the land... Today, agricultural pollution flowing from the land...
405 00:45:02,640 00:45:05,840 ...is beginning to suffocate this sea. ...is beginning to suffocate this sea.
406 00:45:15,760 00:45:19,080 Many fish now stay closer to the surface, Many fish now stay closer to the surface,
407 00:45:19,200 00:45:23,160 where the waters still contain enough oxygen to survive. where the waters still contain enough oxygen to survive.
408 00:45:27,520 00:45:30,920 Eden's whales depend on these fish. Eden's whales depend on these fish.
409 00:45:33,040 00:45:34,640 They swallow huge quantities of water They swallow huge quantities of water
410 00:45:34,760 00:45:37,560 before filtering out their prey. before filtering out their prey.
411 00:45:42,680 00:45:48,440 It takes a lot of energy to drive their 15-tonne bulk through the water. It takes a lot of energy to drive their 15-tonne bulk through the water.
412 00:45:51,720 00:45:53,400 And with so few fish, And with so few fish,
413 00:45:53,520 00:45:57,160 the rewards from feeding like this are barely worth it. the rewards from feeding like this are barely worth it.
414 00:45:59,080 00:46:01,320 So, to survive here, So, to survive here,
415 00:46:01,440 00:46:04,920 the whales have developed a new hunting technique... the whales have developed a new hunting technique...
416 00:46:09,480 00:46:12,920 ...one that requires almost no effort. ...one that requires almost no effort.
417 00:46:15,600 00:46:18,560 They simply open their mouths... They simply open their mouths...
418 00:46:18,680 00:46:20,400 ...and wait. ...and wait.
419 00:46:25,800 00:46:28,640 The panicked fish jump right in. The panicked fish jump right in.
420 00:46:35,800 00:46:37,640 Swimming alongside, Swimming alongside,
421 00:46:37,760 00:46:41,400 another whale scares even more into the open jaws. another whale scares even more into the open jaws.
422 00:46:52,760 00:46:55,480 With this ingenious new technique, With this ingenious new technique,
423 00:46:55,600 00:47:00,720 Eden's whales have found a way to survive the pressures they now face. Eden's whales have found a way to survive the pressures they now face.
424 00:47:03,640 00:47:05,240 All across the planet, All across the planet,
425 00:47:05,360 00:47:07,280 animals are having to adapt animals are having to adapt
426 00:47:07,400 00:47:08,920 to a changing world. to a changing world.
427 00:47:11,000 00:47:13,040 But the speed of these changes But the speed of these changes
428 00:47:13,160 00:47:15,440 will be too fast for many. will be too fast for many.
429 00:47:19,400 00:47:24,880 If we could only halt our unrestrained plunder of the ocean, If we could only halt our unrestrained plunder of the ocean,
430 00:47:25,000 00:47:28,200 its habitats and species would recover. its habitats and species would recover.
431 00:47:31,000 00:47:35,520 And at a time when our overexploited lands are already failing us, And at a time when our overexploited lands are already failing us,
432 00:47:35,640 00:47:40,560 this has never been more important for humanity. this has never been more important for humanity.
433 00:48:00,040 00:48:03,320 DAVID: The volcanic island of Fernandina in the Galapagos DAVID: The volcanic island of Fernandina in the Galapagos
434 00:48:03,440 00:48:06,240 is home to two incredible lizards... is home to two incredible lizards...
435 00:48:08,120 00:48:10,360 ...the land iguana ...the land iguana
436 00:48:10,480 00:48:12,600 and the marine iguana. and the marine iguana.
437 00:48:14,560 00:48:16,840 There are two parts to their story There are two parts to their story
438 00:48:16,960 00:48:20,040 that cameraman Richard Wollocombe has wanted to film that cameraman Richard Wollocombe has wanted to film
439 00:48:20,160 00:48:24,400 since he first came to these islands 25 years ago, since he first came to these islands 25 years ago,
440 00:48:24,520 00:48:28,320 and on A Perfect Manet he got his chance. and on A Perfect Manet he got his chance.
441 00:48:32,360 00:48:34,440 Driven by powerful currents, Driven by powerful currents,
442 00:48:34,560 00:48:39,080 the cold Pacific Ocean slams into Fernandina's shores. the cold Pacific Ocean slams into Fernandina's shores.
443 00:48:45,320 00:48:49,560 The marine iguanas must brave these waters every day. The marine iguanas must brave these waters every day.
444 00:48:53,880 00:48:58,800 Their journey through the big surf is what Richard and the team are here to film... Their journey through the big surf is what Richard and the team are here to film...
445 00:49:00,040 00:49:02,000 ...but from under water. ...but from under water.
446 00:49:02,120 00:49:07,520 It looks fairly benign from the surface here, but underneath, it's really shallow, It looks fairly benign from the surface here, but underneath, it's really shallow,
447 00:49:07,640 00:49:11,520 and there's all these really sharp rocks with lots of jagged edges. and there's all these really sharp rocks with lots of jagged edges.
448 00:49:11,640 00:49:13,320 So if we were ta ken by the wave, So if we were ta ken by the wave,
449 00:49:13,440 00:49:16,120 it would cut us up really badly, I think. it would cut us up really badly, I think.
450 00:49:25,720 00:49:28,400 I'm a glutton for punishment. Did you know? I'm a glutton for punishment. Did you know?
451 00:49:32,160 00:49:34,720 The waves are certainly punishing. The waves are certainly punishing.
452 00:49:36,440 00:49:38,200 With these dangerous conditions, With these dangerous conditions,
453 00:49:38,320 00:49:42,840 extra protection is clearly needed for Richard and dive buddy Rafael, extra protection is clearly needed for Richard and dive buddy Rafael,
454 00:49:42,960 00:49:46,400 so what better than surf helmets? so what better than surf helmets?
455 00:49:54,120 00:49:58,600 It isn't long before Richard realises what he's up against. It isn't long before Richard realises what he's up against.
456 00:50:01,760 00:50:06,400 The relentless churning of the water makes it difficult to stay the right way up, The relentless churning of the water makes it difficult to stay the right way up,
457 00:50:06,520 00:50:09,120 let alone film the iguanas. let alone film the iguanas.
458 00:50:15,000 00:50:17,840 In between the waves, the iguanas briefly appear. In between the waves, the iguanas briefly appear.
459 00:50:23,320 00:50:26,640 But Richard barely has time to line up a shot But Richard barely has time to line up a shot
460 00:50:26,760 00:50:30,920 before the iguana disappears behind another wave. before the iguana disappears behind another wave.
461 00:50:37,640 00:50:42,240 In the violent surge, the iguanas have learned to hang on to the rocks... In the violent surge, the iguanas have learned to hang on to the rocks...
462 00:50:43,480 00:50:48,200 ...a trick Richard is quick to copy to avoid being swept away. ...a trick Richard is quick to copy to avoid being swept away.
463 00:50:49,560 00:50:53,040 That, however, only leaves one hand to film with. That, however, only leaves one hand to film with.
464 00:51:00,840 00:51:04,400 But with adrenaline carrying him through, But with adrenaline carrying him through,
465 00:51:04,520 00:51:09,040 Richard is able to get the perfect shots of iguanas in the surf. Richard is able to get the perfect shots of iguanas in the surf.
466 00:51:14,520 00:51:19,240 And to achieve that totally unscathed is a great relief And to achieve that totally unscathed is a great relief
467 00:51:20,280 00:51:23,080 I don't need to go to the gym for months after that! I don't need to go to the gym for months after that!
468 00:51:25,040 00:51:27,840 Well clone, mate. Good job. Well clone, mate. Good job.
469 00:51:30,640 00:51:35,000 On the shore, [and Iguanas have to battle a very different force. On the shore, [and Iguanas have to battle a very different force.
470 00:51:38,280 00:51:42,520 Each year they migrate up to the top of Fernandina's active volcano, Each year they migrate up to the top of Fernandina's active volcano,
471 00:51:42,640 00:51:47,720 a journey of ten days across razor-sharp lava, a journey of ten days across razor-sharp lava,
472 00:51:47,840 00:51:51,000 before descending into its heart to lay their eggs before descending into its heart to lay their eggs
473 00:51:51,120 00:51:53,000 in the ashy floor. in the ashy floor.
474 00:51:58,080 00:52:02,160 It's this behaviour Richard and the team plan to film, It's this behaviour Richard and the team plan to film,
475 00:52:02,280 00:52:06,520 and the scale of the expedition is one that's rarely been attempted and the scale of the expedition is one that's rarely been attempted
476 00:52:06,640 00:52:08,400 in the Galápagos. in the Galápagos.
477 00:52:12,760 00:52:17,440 To reach the top takes the crew ten gruelling hours. To reach the top takes the crew ten gruelling hours.
478 00:52:26,880 00:52:31,560 When they finally arrive on the rim, the experience doesn't disappoint. When they finally arrive on the rim, the experience doesn't disappoint.
479 00:52:33,320 00:52:35,280 I can't believe it. I can't believe it.
480 00:52:35,400 00:52:38,200 It's absolutely awe-inspiring. It's absolutely awe-inspiring.
481 00:52:40,080 00:52:42,400 I just can't believe the iguanas I just can't believe the iguanas
482 00:52:42,520 00:52:45,560 actually manage to navigate down these slopes actually manage to navigate down these slopes
483 00:52:45,680 00:52:48,200 into the bowl of this volcano. into the bowl of this volcano.
484 00:52:49,960 00:52:54,800 More people have been into space than to the bottom of Fernandina's crater, More people have been into space than to the bottom of Fernandina's crater,
485 00:52:54,920 00:52:58,200 but that is exactly where Richard and the team must go but that is exactly where Richard and the team must go
486 00:52:58,320 00:53:01,800 if they are to film the nesting iguanas. if they are to film the nesting iguanas.
487 00:53:05,640 00:53:08,640 From their campsite at the edge of the volcano, From their campsite at the edge of the volcano,
488 00:53:08,760 00:53:12,160 it's an extremely dangerous journey down to the crater floor, it's an extremely dangerous journey down to the crater floor,
489 00:53:12,280 00:53:18,840 and assistant producer Toby wants to be clear with everyone what is at stake. and assistant producer Toby wants to be clear with everyone what is at stake.
490 00:53:18,960 00:53:21,720 (TRANSLATED FROM SPANISH) (TRANSLATED FROM SPANISH)
491 00:53:36,800 00:53:39,440 There's only one passable route down, There's only one passable route down,
492 00:53:39,560 00:53:42,120 and as the team enter the lip of the volcano, and as the team enter the lip of the volcano,
493 00:53:42,240 00:53:46,280 the sound of rockfall is all around. the sound of rockfall is all around.
494 00:53:47,680 00:53:49,720 (ROCKFALL) (ROCKFALL)
495 00:53:49,840 00:53:51,880 (WOMAN SHOUTS OUT) (WOMAN SHOUTS OUT)
496 00:53:56,240 00:54:00,400 Regular earthquakes make the crater walls very unstable. Regular earthquakes make the crater walls very unstable.
497 00:54:05,360 00:54:06,880 Just keeps getting better. Just keeps getting better.
498 00:54:07,000 00:54:11,280 Not far away, some Iguanas are making their own descent, Not far away, some Iguanas are making their own descent,
499 00:54:11,400 00:54:14,200 disturbing the loose surface as they go. disturbing the loose surface as they go.
500 00:54:25,520 00:54:28,760 [fa creature only a sixth of the size of a person [fa creature only a sixth of the size of a person
501 00:54:28,880 00:54:32,520 can start a deadly avalanche of razor-sharp rocks, can start a deadly avalanche of razor-sharp rocks,
502 00:54:32,640 00:54:34,640 what can a whole film crew do? what can a whole film crew do?
503 00:54:34,760 00:54:36,640 (ROCKFALL) (ROCKFALL)
504 00:54:41,760 00:54:45,640 It's clear the crew are going to have to be extremely cautious. It's clear the crew are going to have to be extremely cautious.
505 00:54:45,760 00:54:47,520 (ROCKFALL DROWNS OUT WORDS) (ROCKFALL DROWNS OUT WORDS)
506 00:54:50,880 00:54:55,680 On the steepest slopes, the equipment needs to be lowered with ropes. On the steepest slopes, the equipment needs to be lowered with ropes.
507 00:55:02,640 00:55:06,360 With rocks falling all around, the longer they're on the slopes, With rocks falling all around, the longer they're on the slopes,
508 00:55:06,480 00:55:09,480 the greater the risk of an accident. the greater the risk of an accident.
509 00:55:13,880 00:55:18,640 But when one misstep can start an avalanche, hurrying is impossible. But when one misstep can start an avalanche, hurrying is impossible.
510 00:55:21,960 00:55:25,680 Finally, the prize of the crater floor is in sight. Finally, the prize of the crater floor is in sight.
511 00:55:25,800 00:55:28,800 But just below there is where the iguanas are nesting. But just below there is where the iguanas are nesting.
512 00:55:28,920 00:55:31,960 We're very close to it now, about an hour's walk. We're very close to it now, about an hour's walk.
513 00:55:33,000 00:55:36,760 All that lies between them is a stretch of loose lava All that lies between them is a stretch of loose lava
514 00:55:36,880 00:55:40,920 that has cascaded down the slopes after the last eruption. that has cascaded down the slopes after the last eruption.
515 00:55:43,160 00:55:46,520 (ROCKFALL) (ROCKFALL)
516 00:55:53,920 00:55:59,320 RICHARD: We're actually in the crater now, surrounded by these vertical walls. RICHARD: We're actually in the crater now, surrounded by these vertical walls.
517 00:56:00,840 00:56:04,680 I just can't believe that we really made it down here. I just can't believe that we really made it down here.
518 00:56:05,720 00:56:09,040 Sometimes I doubted that, you know, we would actually make it. Sometimes I doubted that, you know, we would actually make it.
519 00:56:12,440 00:56:14,960 And there they were - iguanas, And there they were - iguanas,
520 00:56:15,080 00:56:16,680 using the warm volcanic ash using the warm volcanic ash
521 00:56:16,800 00:56:18,880 to incubate their eggs. to incubate their eggs.
522 00:56:22,480 00:56:26,560 For Richard, after 25 years living in the Galápagos, For Richard, after 25 years living in the Galápagos,
523 00:56:26,680 00:56:31,920 filming this unique behaviour is a lifelong dream come true. filming this unique behaviour is a lifelong dream come true.
524 00:56:34,400 00:56:37,280 My God, what an incredible place this is! My God, what an incredible place this is!
525 00:56:37,400 00:56:42,480 It's such a vivid feeling to be constantly challenged It's such a vivid feeling to be constantly challenged
526 00:56:42,600 00:56:44,480 by the forces of nature like that. by the forces of nature like that.
527 00:56:44,600 00:56:48,080 But they have to do this every year in order to survive. But they have to do this every year in order to survive.
528 00:56:49,520 00:56:51,480 I'll never forget, for as long as I live. I'll never forget, for as long as I live.
529 00:56:53,040 00:56:55,160 What an adventure. What an adventure! What an adventure. What an adventure!