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1 | 00:00:32,880 | 00:00:35,400 | DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: A Perfect' Planet'. | DAVID ATTENBOROUGH: A Perfect' Planet'. |
2 | 00:00:39,680 | 00:00:42,440 | Life flourishes on planet Earth... | Life flourishes on planet Earth... |
3 | 00:00:50,360 | 00:00:53,480 | ...thanks to powerful natural forces. | ...thanks to powerful natural forces. |
4 | 00:00:59,760 | 00:01:03,960 | The weather gives us predictable patterns of rainfall. | The weather gives us predictable patterns of rainfall. |
5 | 00:01:06,840 | 00:01:11,920 | Sunlight delivers energy to all parts of planet Earth's surface. | Sunlight delivers energy to all parts of planet Earth's surface. |
6 | 00:01:14,600 | 00:01:18,360 | Ocean currents carry nutrients around the globe. | Ocean currents carry nutrients around the globe. |
7 | 00:01:22,880 | 00:01:27,040 | Volcanoes create and fertilise the land. | Volcanoes create and fertilise the land. |
8 | 00:01:28,960 | 00:01:33,360 | Together, these forces have helped shape our living planet. | Together, these forces have helped shape our living planet. |
9 | 00:01:37,400 | 00:01:39,000 | But it's a fragile system. | But it's a fragile system. |
10 | 00:01:39,120 | 00:01:40,360 | MAN: All right, come on, let's get him in. | MAN: All right, come on, let's get him in. |
11 | 00:01:46,080 | 00:01:50,680 | DAVID: This baby elephant is dying of thirst. | DAVID: This baby elephant is dying of thirst. |
12 | 00:01:50,800 | 00:01:52,120 | MAN: Big swallow. | MAN: Big swallow. |
13 | 00:01:54,440 | 00:01:57,480 | DAVID: The latest casualty of our changing world. | DAVID: The latest casualty of our changing world. |
14 | 00:01:58,880 | 00:02:01,960 | (ELEPHANT SCREAMS) | (ELEPHANT SCREAMS) |
15 | 00:02:02,080 | 00:02:06,920 | Luckily, rescuers have found him, so he has a chance. | Luckily, rescuers have found him, so he has a chance. |
16 | 00:02:14,680 | 00:02:18,440 | This young animal is likely a victim of a new force... | This young animal is likely a victim of a new force... |
17 | 00:02:20,200 | 00:02:24,120 | ...one so powerful it threatens the future of life on Earth. | ...one so powerful it threatens the future of life on Earth. |
18 | 00:02:30,560 | 00:02:33,440 | (SIRENS AND FAINT CHATTER) | (SIRENS AND FAINT CHATTER) |
19 | 00:02:41,800 | 00:02:44,320 | For over 60 yea rs, I've been privileged | For over 60 yea rs, I've been privileged |
20 | 00:02:44,440 | 00:02:48,320 | to witness the natural world in all its wonder. | to witness the natural world in all its wonder. |
21 | 00:02:49,400 | 00:02:54,800 | But the planet I saw as a young man has changed beyond recognition. | But the planet I saw as a young man has changed beyond recognition. |
22 | 00:02:56,480 | 00:03:01,880 | Human activity is now so dominant it's disrupting the forces of nature | Human activity is now so dominant it's disrupting the forces of nature |
23 | 00:03:02,000 | 00:03:05,840 | and the vital habitats that life needs to survive on Earth. | and the vital habitats that life needs to survive on Earth. |
24 | 00:03:07,240 | 00:03:10,400 | This is the most important story of our time. | This is the most important story of our time. |
25 | 00:03:10,520 | 00:03:14,360 | So I've asked three world authorities from the front line | So I've asked three world authorities from the front line |
26 | 00:03:14,480 | 00:03:16,560 | to join me in telling it. | to join me in telling it. |
27 | 00:03:17,960 | 00:03:21,760 | NIALL: Humans used to be a species just like any other on Earth. | NIALL: Humans used to be a species just like any other on Earth. |
28 | 00:03:21,880 | 00:03:24,640 | But we've now become so populous | But we've now become so populous |
29 | 00:03:24,760 | 00:03:26,560 | and so destructive | and so destructive |
30 | 00:03:26,680 | 00:03:29,360 | that we are the single most influential creature on Earth. | that we are the single most influential creature on Earth. |
31 | 00:03:30,480 | 00:03:33,080 | ASHA: Everything around us is collapsing. | ASHA: Everything around us is collapsing. |
32 | 00:03:33,200 | 00:03:35,960 | This is the planet that we are handing over to future generations, | This is the planet that we are handing over to future generations, |
33 | 00:03:36,080 | 00:03:39,160 | and the worst part, I'll tell you the worst part, to me, | and the worst part, I'll tell you the worst part, to me, |
34 | 00:03:39,280 | 00:03:41,640 | is that they're going to turn around and be like, | is that they're going to turn around and be like, |
35 | 00:03:41,760 | 00:03:44,360 | "Why did you not do something when you had the chance?" | "Why did you not do something when you had the chance?" |
36 | 00:03:44,480 | 00:03:49,280 | JEREMY: We are likely to lose over half the species of life on Earth | JEREMY: We are likely to lose over half the species of life on Earth |
37 | 00:03:49,400 | 00:03:51,920 | over the next eight decades. | over the next eight decades. |
38 | 00:03:52,040 | 00:03:55,720 | The last time we had an extinction event of this magnitude | The last time we had an extinction event of this magnitude |
39 | 00:03:55,840 | 00:03:57,560 | was 65 million years ago. | was 65 million years ago. |
40 | 00:03:58,640 | 00:04:00,240 | We are asleep. | We are asleep. |
41 | 00:04:00,360 | 00:04:03,520 | We are not taking a look at the enormity of this event. | We are not taking a look at the enormity of this event. |
42 | 00:04:05,400 | 00:04:08,880 | DAVID: If you want evidence of how life is struggling to cope | DAVID: If you want evidence of how life is struggling to cope |
43 | 00:04:09,000 | 00:04:10,880 | in our rapidly changing world... | in our rapidly changing world... |
44 | 00:04:12,480 | 00:04:15,800 | ...you need to look no further than here in Africa. | ...you need to look no further than here in Africa. |
45 | 00:04:20,160 | 00:04:25,440 | As we warm the planet, we create more extreme droughts and floods, | As we warm the planet, we create more extreme droughts and floods, |
46 | 00:04:25,560 | 00:04:29,560 | making it increasingly difficult for many animals to survive. | making it increasingly difficult for many animals to survive. |
47 | 00:04:31,880 | 00:04:36,840 | One of our planet's most magnificent creatures is no exception. | One of our planet's most magnificent creatures is no exception. |
48 | 00:04:36,960 | 00:04:39,240 | (ELEPHANT RUMBLES) | (ELEPHANT RUMBLES) |
49 | 00:04:44,440 | 00:04:48,840 | Adult elephants drink around 200 litres of water a day. | Adult elephants drink around 200 litres of water a day. |
50 | 00:04:54,520 | 00:04:58,560 | When rains fail, as they did recently here in Kenya, | When rains fail, as they did recently here in Kenya, |
51 | 00:04:58,680 | 00:05:01,480 | watering holes quickly run dry... | watering holes quickly run dry... |
52 | 00:05:01,600 | 00:05:02,600 | (FLIES BUZZ) | (FLIES BUZZ) |
53 | 00:05:02,720 | 00:05:04,920 | ...killing hundreds of them. | ...killing hundreds of them. |
54 | 00:05:07,520 | 00:05:09,960 | (GRUNTING AND SQUEALING) | (GRUNTING AND SQUEALING) |
55 | 00:05:13,800 | 00:05:16,200 | You can see the scale of the problem... | You can see the scale of the problem... |
56 | 00:05:18,040 | 00:05:22,480 | ...by the dozens of orphaned baby elephants left behind. | ...by the dozens of orphaned baby elephants left behind. |
57 | 00:05:26,760 | 00:05:29,640 | These are the lucky survivors. | These are the lucky survivors. |
58 | 00:05:33,400 | 00:05:36,240 | They owe their lives to Angela Sheldrick | They owe their lives to Angela Sheldrick |
59 | 00:05:36,360 | 00:05:37,680 | and her team, | and her team, |
60 | 00:05:37,800 | 00:05:39,680 | who rescue these young orphans. | who rescue these young orphans. |
61 | 00:05:39,800 | 00:05:42,240 | ANGELA: Come on. Come on, little boy. | ANGELA: Come on. Come on, little boy. |
62 | 00:05:42,360 | 00:05:46,640 | ANGELA: The orphans, when we find them, tend to be in a pretty sorry state. | ANGELA: The orphans, when we find them, tend to be in a pretty sorry state. |
63 | 00:05:53,760 | 00:05:58,960 | They are not only physically damaged but psychologically too. | They are not only physically damaged but psychologically too. |
64 | 00:05:59,080 | 00:06:02,000 | ANGELA: Hey. Hello. | ANGELA: Hey. Hello. |
65 | 00:06:02,120 | 00:06:06,520 | They have suffered such a loss, losing their elephant family, | They have suffered such a loss, losing their elephant family, |
66 | 00:06:06,640 | 00:06:08,760 | their mothers. | their mothers. |
67 | 00:06:10,800 | 00:06:15,520 | DAVID: Angela's team do their best to soothe that loss. | DAVID: Angela's team do their best to soothe that loss. |
68 | 00:06:25,080 | 00:06:26,760 | Come on. | Come on. |
69 | 00:06:26,880 | 00:06:30,160 | ANGELA". The keepers replace a lost elephant family. | ANGELA". The keepers replace a lost elephant family. |
70 | 00:06:43,880 | 00:06:46,800 | They provide the tender loving care and the nurturing | They provide the tender loving care and the nurturing |
71 | 00:06:46,920 | 00:06:49,560 | that is so important for them to heal. | that is so important for them to heal. |
72 | 00:06:52,560 | 00:06:55,400 | The keepers are there 24/7. | The keepers are there 24/7. |
73 | 00:07:01,800 | 00:07:08,080 | It is a very, very special relationship that actually does last a lifetime. | It is a very, very special relationship that actually does last a lifetime. |
74 | 00:07:08,200 | 00:07:10,000 | Despite the elephants becoming wild, | Despite the elephants becoming wild, |
75 | 00:07:10,120 | 00:07:13,120 | they do never forget that love and kindness. | they do never forget that love and kindness. |
76 | 00:07:18,280 | 00:07:23,160 | DAVID: The orphans have to be bottle-fed eight times a day. | DAVID: The orphans have to be bottle-fed eight times a day. |
77 | 00:07:25,080 | 00:07:27,240 | ANGELA: We raise these orphaned elephants to ultimately | ANGELA: We raise these orphaned elephants to ultimately |
78 | 00:07:27,360 | 00:07:29,360 | go back to their birthright... | go back to their birthright... |
79 | 00:07:30,760 | 00:07:32,640 | ...a wild and happy life. | ...a wild and happy life. |
80 | 00:07:32,760 | 00:07:35,640 | (LAUGHS) You're such a clown! | (LAUGHS) You're such a clown! |
81 | 00:07:41,240 | 00:07:44,720 | - Hey. - (LAUGHTER) | - Hey. - (LAUGHTER) |
82 | 00:07:47,840 | 00:07:49,280 | Come with me. | Come with me. |
83 | 00:07:53,320 | 00:07:55,200 | Go on. Go on. | Go on. Go on. |
84 | 00:07:55,320 | 00:07:58,080 | DAVID: So far, Angela's organisation | DAVID: So far, Angela's organisation |
85 | 00:07:58,200 | 00:08:02,160 | has released more than 150 orphaned elephants | has released more than 150 orphaned elephants |
86 | 00:08:02,280 | 00:08:04,000 | back into the wild. | back into the wild. |
87 | 00:08:04,120 | 00:08:09,800 | But to survive, they now need to live in managed reserves, | But to survive, they now need to live in managed reserves, |
88 | 00:08:09,920 | 00:08:13,880 | where people top up water supplies when droughts return. | where people top up water supplies when droughts return. |
89 | 00:08:16,760 | 00:08:21,120 | ANGELA". Over the years, we've seen an enormous change in the weather patterns. | ANGELA". Over the years, we've seen an enormous change in the weather patterns. |
90 | 00:08:22,720 | 00:08:24,200 | Greater unpredictability. | Greater unpredictability. |
91 | 00:08:25,680 | 00:08:28,400 | The drier seasons are drier and longer. | The drier seasons are drier and longer. |
92 | 00:08:28,520 | 00:08:30,800 | It is the 11th hour now. | It is the 11th hour now. |
93 | 00:08:30,920 | 00:08:34,120 | We have just one home, | We have just one home, |
94 | 00:08:34,240 | 00:08:38,000 | and we, as the dominant species, should take care of it... | and we, as the dominant species, should take care of it... |
95 | 00:08:39,120 | 00:08:40,360 | ...must take care of it. | ...must take care of it. |
96 | 00:08:40,480 | 00:08:41,960 | It is our responsibility. | It is our responsibility. |
97 | 00:08:45,440 | 00:08:49,080 | JEREMY: What! need to say to people is, this is not going to get better. | JEREMY: What! need to say to people is, this is not going to get better. |
98 | 00:08:49,200 | 00:08:53,600 | We are on a curve that's moving us with a series of events | We are on a curve that's moving us with a series of events |
99 | 00:08:53,720 | 00:08:57,200 | that's taking us into a new geological era in history. | that's taking us into a new geological era in history. |
100 | 00:09:01,360 | 00:09:05,840 | DAVID: To understand how humans are destabilising our perfect planet, | DAVID: To understand how humans are destabilising our perfect planet, |
101 | 00:09:05,960 | 00:09:08,640 | we need to look into the deep past. | we need to look into the deep past. |
102 | 00:09:10,840 | 00:09:16,920 | In Earth's long history, it's been through at least five mass extinction events. | In Earth's long history, it's been through at least five mass extinction events. |
103 | 00:09:18,880 | 00:09:22,320 | Most were caused by cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. | Most were caused by cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. |
104 | 00:09:27,760 | 00:09:31,400 | It's not the lava or ash that wiped out life... | It's not the lava or ash that wiped out life... |
105 | 00:09:35,040 | 00:09:39,240 | ...but an invisible gas released by volcanoes | ...but an invisible gas released by volcanoes |
106 | 00:09:39,360 | 00:09:41,000 | called carbon dioxide... | called carbon dioxide... |
107 | 00:09:42,200 | 00:09:43,680 | "£02. | "£02. |
108 | 00:09:45,760 | 00:09:49,280 | NIALL: The single greatest extinction event on the planet so far was caused | NIALL: The single greatest extinction event on the planet so far was caused |
109 | 00:09:49,400 | 00:09:52,240 | by the superheating of the world. | by the superheating of the world. |
110 | 00:09:54,200 | 00:09:58,400 | Masses of volcanic activity pumped huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, | Masses of volcanic activity pumped huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, |
111 | 00:09:58,520 | 00:10:00,760 | massively raised the global temperature, | massively raised the global temperature, |
112 | 00:10:00,880 | 00:10:05,840 | and saw the destruction of around 90% of all life on Earth. | and saw the destruction of around 90% of all life on Earth. |
113 | 00:10:07,160 | 00:10:10,800 | DAVID: Humanity is now acting like a super-volcano. | DAVID: Humanity is now acting like a super-volcano. |
114 | 00:10:12,480 | 00:10:16,600 | We're releasing carbon dioxide at an even greater rate | We're releasing carbon dioxide at an even greater rate |
115 | 00:10:16,720 | 00:10:22,080 | than the prehistoric mega-eruptions that extinguished life in the past. | than the prehistoric mega-eruptions that extinguished life in the past. |
116 | 00:10:30,000 | 00:10:31,360 | JEREMY: Here '5 the problem. | JEREMY: Here '5 the problem. |
117 | 00:10:31,480 | 00:10:34,040 | Over the last two centuries, | Over the last two centuries, |
118 | 00:10:34,160 | 00:10:38,280 | we dug up the burial grounds of our previous geological era in history... | we dug up the burial grounds of our previous geological era in history... |
119 | 00:10:39,840 | 00:10:41,320 | ...the Carboniferous era. | ...the Carboniferous era. |
120 | 00:10:41,440 | 00:10:44,960 | And we took those dead remains, in the form of oil, | And we took those dead remains, in the form of oil, |
121 | 00:10:45,080 | 00:10:47,760 | gas and coal, and we made | gas and coal, and we made |
122 | 00:10:47,880 | 00:10:51,880 | the entire industrial civilisation based on these fossil fuels. | the entire industrial civilisation based on these fossil fuels. |
123 | 00:10:57,800 | 00:11:03,320 | DAVID: Almost every part of modern life depends on energy generated | DAVID: Almost every part of modern life depends on energy generated |
124 | 00:11:03,440 | 00:11:05,680 | by burning these fossil fuels. | by burning these fossil fuels. |
125 | 00:11:07,440 | 00:11:10,600 | And that produces CO₂ in huge amounts. | And that produces CO₂ in huge amounts. |
126 | 00:11:13,800 | 00:11:19,480 | Globally, we now release 100 times more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere | Globally, we now release 100 times more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere |
127 | 00:11:19,600 | 00:11:22,480 | than all Earth's volcanoes combined. | than all Earth's volcanoes combined. |
128 | 00:11:23,520 | 00:11:27,000 | NIALL: Ana' by burning more fossil fuels, releasing more carbon dioxide, | NIALL: Ana' by burning more fossil fuels, releasing more carbon dioxide, |
129 | 00:11:27,120 | 00:11:28,840 | heating up the world around us, | heating up the world around us, |
130 | 00:11:28,960 | 00:11:34,040 | we have become one of the most powerful, destructive forces on the planet. | we have become one of the most powerful, destructive forces on the planet. |
131 | 00:11:35,120 | 00:11:38,760 | Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket, | Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket, |
132 | 00:11:38,880 | 00:11:41,000 | trapping the sun's heat. | trapping the sun's heat. |
133 | 00:11:41,120 | 00:11:43,320 | This raises the temperature | This raises the temperature |
134 | 00:11:43,440 | 00:11:48,040 | and so destabilises one of the most important forces on Earth - | and so destabilises one of the most important forces on Earth - |
135 | 00:11:48,160 | 00:11:49,760 | the weather. | the weather. |
136 | 00:11:55,000 | 00:12:00,000 | Many animals rely on predictable patterns of rainfall. | Many animals rely on predictable patterns of rainfall. |
137 | 00:12:04,920 | 00:12:09,920 | But as our world warms, our weather is changing. | But as our world warms, our weather is changing. |
138 | 00:12:13,200 | 00:12:16,200 | JEREMY. For every one degree that the temperature | JEREMY. For every one degree that the temperature |
139 | 00:12:16,320 | 00:12:19,480 | goes up on this planet, because of CO₂ emissions... | goes up on this planet, because of CO₂ emissions... |
140 | 00:12:23,040 | 00:12:26,320 | ...the atmosphere is sucking up 7% more water. | ...the atmosphere is sucking up 7% more water. |
141 | 00:12:29,040 | 00:12:32,160 | So we're getting more concentrated precipitation in the clouds... | So we're getting more concentrated precipitation in the clouds... |
142 | 00:12:32,280 | 00:12:34,120 | (THUNDER RUMBLES) | (THUNDER RUMBLES) |
143 | 00:12:34,240 | 00:12:35,400 | ...and more radical, | ...and more radical, |
144 | 00:12:35,520 | 00:12:39,080 | extreme, unpredictable, out-of-control weather events. | extreme, unpredictable, out-of-control weather events. |
145 | 00:12:42,960 | 00:12:46,120 | NEW EWS: Millions are bracing for a hurricane the likes of which we've never seen. | NEW EWS: Millions are bracing for a hurricane the likes of which we've never seen. |
146 | 00:12:46,240 | 00:12:47,440 | JEREMY: We are getting hurricanes | JEREMY: We are getting hurricanes |
147 | 00:12:47,560 | 00:12:51,880 | that are devastating our ecosystems and killing human beings every year. | that are devastating our ecosystems and killing human beings every year. |
148 | 00:12:54,680 | 00:12:58,120 | They're now over and over and over again every season. | They're now over and over and over again every season. |
149 | 00:13:00,760 | 00:13:03,560 | This planet is more powerful | This planet is more powerful |
150 | 00:13:03,680 | 00:13:04,680 | than we thought. | than we thought. |
151 | 00:13:09,000 | 00:13:10,760 | NIALL: More fires, more droughts, more floods. | NIALL: More fires, more droughts, more floods. |
152 | 00:13:12,520 | 00:13:15,200 | And so this perfect planet of ours is now | And so this perfect planet of ours is now |
153 | 00:13:15,320 | 00:13:17,160 | being thrown into a system of flux. | being thrown into a system of flux. |
154 | 00:13:26,840 | 00:13:29,680 | These extreme conditions are making it | These extreme conditions are making it |
155 | 00:13:29,800 | 00:13:32,120 | increasingly difficult for animals to survive. | increasingly difficult for animals to survive. |
156 | 00:13:38,480 | 00:13:41,840 | DAVID: And that is not just affecting wildlife. | DAVID: And that is not just affecting wildlife. |
157 | 00:13:43,440 | 00:13:45,920 | (WIND GUSTS) | (WIND GUSTS) |
158 | 00:13:46,040 | 00:13:51,440 | New research suggests that for every one degree rise in global temperatures, | New research suggests that for every one degree rise in global temperatures, |
159 | 00:13:51,560 | 00:13:56,560 | a billion people will be pushed into near unliveable extremes. | a billion people will be pushed into near unliveable extremes. |
160 | 00:13:57,840 | 00:14:03,240 | And this could trigger one of the greatest human migrations in history. | And this could trigger one of the greatest human migrations in history. |
161 | 00:14:05,760 | 00:14:07,560 | NIALL: We 're about to have climate refugees, | NIALL: We 're about to have climate refugees, |
162 | 00:14:07,680 | 00:14:10,800 | forced out of uninhabitable areas of the world, | forced out of uninhabitable areas of the world, |
163 | 00:14:10,920 | 00:14:12,160 | pushed up into Europe. | pushed up into Europe. |
164 | 00:14:16,480 | 00:14:17,680 | JEREMY: We are on the cusp | JEREMY: We are on the cusp |
165 | 00:14:17,800 | 00:14:21,360 | of the biggest migratory pattern | of the biggest migratory pattern |
166 | 00:14:21,480 | 00:14:22,600 | in human history. | in human history. |
167 | 00:14:24,280 | 00:14:26,960 | We're going to see millions, tens of millions | We're going to see millions, tens of millions |
168 | 00:14:27,080 | 00:14:29,440 | and, unfortunately, hundreds of millions of people | and, unfortunately, hundreds of millions of people |
169 | 00:14:29,560 | 00:14:32,640 | migrating from areas that are no longer liveable | migrating from areas that are no longer liveable |
170 | 00:14:32,760 | 00:14:36,240 | in the next 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 years. | in the next 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 years. |
171 | 00:14:38,160 | 00:14:39,800 | Ana' people are frightened - | Ana' people are frightened - |
172 | 00:14:39,920 | 00:14:43,040 | because this is outside of our frame of reference. | because this is outside of our frame of reference. |
173 | 00:14:48,520 | 00:14:50,160 | DAVID: But there is hope. | DAVID: But there is hope. |
174 | 00:14:52,800 | 00:14:57,040 | In Africa, the Sahara Desert is advancing southwards. | In Africa, the Sahara Desert is advancing southwards. |
175 | 00:14:57,160 | 00:15:03,000 | But a remarkable project is aiming to stop it in its tracks. | But a remarkable project is aiming to stop it in its tracks. |
176 | 00:15:03,120 | 00:15:04,480 | (PEOPLE CHATTER) | (PEOPLE CHATTER) |
177 | 00:15:09,400 | 00:15:11,400 | The ambitious goal | The ambitious goal |
178 | 00:15:11,520 | 00:15:15,680 | is to plant over one billion drought-resistant trees, | is to plant over one billion drought-resistant trees, |
179 | 00:15:15,800 | 00:15:17,600 | like acacias. | like acacias. |
180 | 00:15:17,720 | 00:15:20,000 | Known as the Great Green Wall, | Known as the Great Green Wall, |
181 | 00:15:20,120 | 00:15:24,800 | once complete, a band of trees will stretch nearly 5,000 miles | once complete, a band of trees will stretch nearly 5,000 miles |
182 | 00:15:24,920 | 00:15:27,040 | right across Africa... | right across Africa... |
183 | 00:15:28,720 | 00:15:31,720 | ...one of the largest living structures on the planet. | ...one of the largest living structures on the planet. |
184 | 00:15:34,040 | 00:15:37,040 | These trees stop topsoil blowing away, | These trees stop topsoil blowing away, |
185 | 00:15:37,160 | 00:15:39,760 | and their roots penetrate the ground, | and their roots penetrate the ground, |
186 | 00:15:39,880 | 00:15:42,120 | creating a network of channels | creating a network of channels |
187 | 00:15:42,240 | 00:15:45,720 | that store water whenever rain falls. | that store water whenever rain falls. |
188 | 00:15:49,280 | 00:15:53,440 | Ten-year-old Korka is one of the first children to benefit. | Ten-year-old Korka is one of the first children to benefit. |
189 | 00:16:05,880 | 00:16:10,360 | 12 million trees have already been planted here in Senegal, | 12 million trees have already been planted here in Senegal, |
190 | 00:16:10,480 | 00:16:12,760 | and with dramatic results. | and with dramatic results. |
191 | 00:16:16,240 | 00:16:20,080 | Wells are filling again, allowing crops to grow. | Wells are filling again, allowing crops to grow. |
192 | 00:16:48,120 | 00:16:52,320 | So far, only 15% of the Green Wall is complete, | So far, only 15% of the Green Wall is complete, |
193 | 00:16:52,440 | 00:16:55,720 | but it's already breathing life back into the land, | but it's already breathing life back into the land, |
194 | 00:16:55,840 | 00:16:57,680 | stemming the exodus of people | stemming the exodus of people |
195 | 00:16:57,800 | 00:17:00,480 | and keeping communities together. | and keeping communities together. |
196 | 00:17:05,520 | 00:17:08,640 | And the trees do something else for our children's future. | And the trees do something else for our children's future. |
197 | 00:17:12,720 | 00:17:14,160 | As they grow, | As they grow, |
198 | 00:17:14,280 | 00:17:18,160 | they remove carbon dioxide from the air. | they remove carbon dioxide from the air. |
199 | 00:17:18,280 | 00:17:20,040 | (ANIMALS CALL) | (ANIMALS CALL) |
200 | 00:17:22,480 | 00:17:26,560 | Carbon is the very foundation of life. | Carbon is the very foundation of life. |
201 | 00:17:28,200 | 00:17:31,520 | Every plant absorbs it from the air... | Every plant absorbs it from the air... |
202 | 00:17:33,000 | 00:17:34,840 | ...using it to grow. | ...using it to grow. |
203 | 00:17:37,360 | 00:17:39,040 | When animals eat these plants, | When animals eat these plants, |
204 | 00:17:39,160 | 00:17:44,120 | some of this carbon is locked away in the fabric of their bodies. | some of this carbon is locked away in the fabric of their bodies. |
205 | 00:17:47,880 | 00:17:50,560 | Together, these wild places, | Together, these wild places, |
206 | 00:17:50,680 | 00:17:53,800 | and the animals that allow them to thrive, | and the animals that allow them to thrive, |
207 | 00:17:53,920 | 00:17:58,520 | take up over a third of the carbon dioxide we release. | take up over a third of the carbon dioxide we release. |
208 | 00:18:00,240 | 00:18:02,400 | ASHA: All of these systems, and the life within it, | ASHA: All of these systems, and the life within it, |
209 | 00:18:02,520 | 00:18:06,600 | are so important to protect us | are so important to protect us |
210 | 00:18:06,720 | 00:18:08,600 | from a warming planet. | from a warming planet. |
211 | 00:18:13,360 | 00:18:17,240 | DAVID: Some of the Earth's most important carbon stores | DAVID: Some of the Earth's most important carbon stores |
212 | 00:18:17,360 | 00:18:20,720 | are those rich in plant and animal species - | are those rich in plant and animal species - |
213 | 00:18:20,840 | 00:18:23,280 | the tropical jungles. | the tropical jungles. |
214 | 00:18:25,760 | 00:18:27,280 | NIALL: Forests are sponges. | NIALL: Forests are sponges. |
215 | 00:18:27,400 | 00:18:30,080 | They absorb enormous amounts of CO₂ | They absorb enormous amounts of CO₂ |
216 | 00:18:30,200 | 00:18:32,440 | from the atmosphere, and they trap that inside. | from the atmosphere, and they trap that inside. |
217 | 00:18:35,760 | 00:18:38,760 | Forests are about much more than just trees. | Forests are about much more than just trees. |
218 | 00:18:38,880 | 00:18:42,880 | In order to thrive, a jungle needs bustling animal communities. | In order to thrive, a jungle needs bustling animal communities. |
219 | 00:18:44,160 | 00:18:46,280 | It needs insects to pollinate. | It needs insects to pollinate. |
220 | 00:18:46,400 | 00:18:48,600 | It needs mammals to spread the seeds | It needs mammals to spread the seeds |
221 | 00:18:48,720 | 00:18:50,360 | from one part of the forest to another. | from one part of the forest to another. |
222 | 00:18:50,480 | 00:18:54,480 | It needs this massive tangled web of species interactions. | It needs this massive tangled web of species interactions. |
223 | 00:18:55,680 | 00:18:56,960 | A jungle rich in animals | A jungle rich in animals |
224 | 00:18:57,080 | 00:19:00,360 | stores so much more carbon than a forest with little life. | stores so much more carbon than a forest with little life. |
225 | 00:19:00,480 | 00:19:03,920 | (WHOOPS) | (WHOOPS) |
226 | 00:19:05,800 | 00:19:09,360 | DAVID: But many of the world's tropical jungles are under threat. | DAVID: But many of the world's tropical jungles are under threat. |
227 | 00:19:10,560 | 00:19:15,800 | And none more so than the greatest of them all, the Amazon rainforest. | And none more so than the greatest of them all, the Amazon rainforest. |
228 | 00:19:20,000 | 00:19:23,920 | It's essential for the health of our planet, storing as much carbon | It's essential for the health of our planet, storing as much carbon |
229 | 00:19:24,040 | 00:19:29,680 | as 25 years' worth of current emissions from all the cars in the world. | as 25 years' worth of current emissions from all the cars in the world. |
230 | 00:19:31,160 | 00:19:35,000 | NIALL: The Amazon rainforest is one of the keystones of our climate. | NIALL: The Amazon rainforest is one of the keystones of our climate. |
231 | 00:19:35,120 | 00:19:38,760 | If we lose enough of the Amazon that it stops to function like that, | If we lose enough of the Amazon that it stops to function like that, |
232 | 00:19:38,880 | 00:19:43,080 | then it's going to be an absolute disaster for civilisation, it really will. | then it's going to be an absolute disaster for civilisation, it really will. |
233 | 00:19:47,720 | 00:19:50,960 | DAVID: But urban expansion, cattle ranching | DAVID: But urban expansion, cattle ranching |
234 | 00:19:51,080 | 00:19:54,880 | and mining means that the forests of the Amazon | and mining means that the forests of the Amazon |
235 | 00:19:55,000 | 00:19:58,120 | are being lost at a frightening rate. | are being lost at a frightening rate. |
236 | 00:20:03,320 | 00:20:06,600 | NIALL: It's not beyond the realms of possibility that we could | NIALL: It's not beyond the realms of possibility that we could |
237 | 00:20:06,720 | 00:20:11,040 | deforest a rainforest, like the Amazon, so that trees cannot grow there | deforest a rainforest, like the Amazon, so that trees cannot grow there |
238 | 00:20:11,160 | 00:20:12,960 | and it turns into a savanna. | and it turns into a savanna. |
239 | 00:20:18,680 | 00:20:22,880 | DAVID: Every minute, an area the size of about two football pitches | DAVID: Every minute, an area the size of about two football pitches |
240 | 00:20:23,000 | 00:20:25,120 | is destroyed by humans. | is destroyed by humans. |
241 | 00:20:25,240 | 00:20:28,800 | ASHA: These amazing ecosystems around us - the oceans, the jungles, the forests, | ASHA: These amazing ecosystems around us - the oceans, the jungles, the forests, |
242 | 00:20:28,920 | 00:20:31,680 | the mangroves - these are our greatest hope | the mangroves - these are our greatest hope |
243 | 00:20:31,800 | 00:20:35,040 | and our greatest buffers against a warming planet. | and our greatest buffers against a warming planet. |
244 | 00:20:39,360 | 00:20:42,240 | DAVID: On the front line in the heart of the Amazon | DAVID: On the front line in the heart of the Amazon |
245 | 00:20:42,360 | 00:20:44,680 | stands of the city of Manaus. | stands of the city of Manaus. |
246 | 00:20:46,720 | 00:20:50,160 | Here, urban expansion is eating into the jungle. | Here, urban expansion is eating into the jungle. |
247 | 00:21:04,680 | 00:21:08,440 | Celina Pinagé works for IPAAM, | Celina Pinagé works for IPAAM, |
248 | 00:21:08,560 | 00:21:11,680 | the Amazonas Environmental Protection Unit. | the Amazonas Environmental Protection Unit. |
249 | 00:21:12,920 | 00:21:15,920 | Their mission is to save animals trapped in the city | Their mission is to save animals trapped in the city |
250 | 00:21:16,040 | 00:21:17,960 | and to return them to the wild. | and to return them to the wild. |
251 | 00:21:43,200 | 00:21:46,640 | Today, Celina is rescuing a sloth. | Today, Celina is rescuing a sloth. |
252 | 00:21:46,760 | 00:21:49,600 | It's the world's slowest mammal. | It's the world's slowest mammal. |
253 | 00:21:49,720 | 00:21:53,160 | Many become trapped as trees are cut down | Many become trapped as trees are cut down |
254 | 00:21:53,280 | 00:21:54,840 | to make way for houses. | to make way for houses. |
255 | 00:21:57,360 | 00:21:59,600 | (SHOUTED WARNINGS) | (SHOUTED WARNINGS) |
256 | 00:22:27,200 | 00:22:31,920 | Over 3,000 animals have been rescued in the past five years. | Over 3,000 animals have been rescued in the past five years. |
257 | 00:22:34,840 | 00:22:39,080 | Each one of these creatures is needed by the forest - | Each one of these creatures is needed by the forest - |
258 | 00:22:39,200 | 00:22:42,440 | to disperse seeds, pollinate plants | to disperse seeds, pollinate plants |
259 | 00:22:42,560 | 00:22:46,480 | or, like this jaguar, to keep herbivores in check. | or, like this jaguar, to keep herbivores in check. |
260 | 00:22:56,440 | 00:23:02,560 | Whenever possible, Celina releases animals back into the protected areas of jungle. | Whenever possible, Celina releases animals back into the protected areas of jungle. |
261 | 00:23:30,440 | 00:23:33,360 | NIALL: We don't just want to protect animals because they are interesting | NIALL: We don't just want to protect animals because they are interesting |
262 | 00:23:33,480 | 00:23:34,720 | and they're beautiful. | and they're beautiful. |
263 | 00:23:34,840 | 00:23:39,080 | They're an integral part of a functioning planet, and we need to keep them around. | They're an integral part of a functioning planet, and we need to keep them around. |
264 | 00:23:42,720 | 00:23:46,920 | DAVID: So, how do we protect our remaining forests? | DAVID: So, how do we protect our remaining forests? |
265 | 00:23:47,040 | 00:23:51,440 | Calculating their true environmental value could hold the key. | Calculating their true environmental value could hold the key. |
266 | 00:23:53,480 | 00:23:57,880 | And a new cutting-edge technology is beginning to do just that. | And a new cutting-edge technology is beginning to do just that. |
267 | 00:23:59,880 | 00:24:05,000 | It's led by a team from the Global Airborne Observatory. | It's led by a team from the Global Airborne Observatory. |
268 | 00:24:05,120 | 00:24:11,160 | They've developed a way to quantify exactly how much carbon the forest stores. | They've developed a way to quantify exactly how much carbon the forest stores. |
269 | 00:24:14,880 | 00:24:18,320 | By firing high-powered lasers across the canopy, | By firing high-powered lasers across the canopy, |
270 | 00:24:18,440 | 00:24:22,160 | they can map the amount of carbon within each tree. | they can map the amount of carbon within each tree. |
271 | 00:24:27,960 | 00:24:32,680 | The trees showing up as red and yellow are the most carbon rich. | The trees showing up as red and yellow are the most carbon rich. |
272 | 00:24:35,680 | 00:24:41,240 | These maps allow countries to see how valuable their forests are. | These maps allow countries to see how valuable their forests are. |
273 | 00:24:45,000 | 00:24:47,720 | NIALL: I truly hope that we aren't too faraway | NIALL: I truly hope that we aren't too faraway |
274 | 00:24:47,840 | 00:24:51,680 | from realising the intrinsic value of wildlife, of forests, | from realising the intrinsic value of wildlife, of forests, |
275 | 00:24:51,800 | 00:24:54,760 | but we're not there yet, and for the time being | but we're not there yet, and for the time being |
276 | 00:24:54,880 | 00:24:58,640 | governments need to be financially incentivised to keep forests standing | governments need to be financially incentivised to keep forests standing |
277 | 00:24:58,760 | 00:25:00,400 | and to not cut them down. | and to not cut them down. |
278 | 00:25:04,800 | 00:25:09,200 | DAVID: But what about areas of forest that have already been destroyed? | DAVID: But what about areas of forest that have already been destroyed? |
279 | 00:25:11,320 | 00:25:15,280 | In the Amazon, a revolutionary project is under way. | In the Amazon, a revolutionary project is under way. |
280 | 00:25:18,920 | 00:25:21,680 | The aim is to plant a new jungle | The aim is to plant a new jungle |
281 | 00:25:21,800 | 00:25:25,200 | of 73 million trees. | of 73 million trees. |
282 | 00:25:25,320 | 00:25:27,200 | (PEOPLE CHATTER) | (PEOPLE CHATTER) |
283 | 00:25:30,000 | 00:25:35,080 | But regrowing a species-rich forest has always proved difficult. | But regrowing a species-rich forest has always proved difficult. |
284 | 00:25:38,640 | 00:25:43,880 | So the project has turned to the indigenous peoples of the Amazon, | So the project has turned to the indigenous peoples of the Amazon, |
285 | 00:25:44,000 | 00:25:46,920 | and young women like Milene Alves. | and young women like Milene Alves. |
286 | 00:26:06,480 | 00:26:09,920 | Milene's community has a unique knowledge of seeds. | Milene's community has a unique knowledge of seeds. |
287 | 00:26:15,280 | 00:26:19,800 | It's enabled them to collect over 200 of the most important tree species | It's enabled them to collect over 200 of the most important tree species |
288 | 00:26:19,920 | 00:26:21,720 | from across the Amazon. | from across the Amazon. |
289 | 00:26:55,040 | 00:26:57,240 | By mixing the seeds together, | By mixing the seeds together, |
290 | 00:26:57,360 | 00:27:01,600 | it allows them to create a super-recipe known as a muvuca. | it allows them to create a super-recipe known as a muvuca. |
291 | 00:27:04,240 | 00:27:10,040 | In this mixture, there is enough tree variety to jump-start a new jungle. | In this mixture, there is enough tree variety to jump-start a new jungle. |
292 | 00:27:12,840 | 00:27:15,480 | Every year, around 20 tonnes of seeds | Every year, around 20 tonnes of seeds |
293 | 00:27:15,600 | 00:27:19,200 | are scattered over acres of burnt and degraded land. | are scattered over acres of burnt and degraded land. |
294 | 00:27:21,160 | 00:27:22,560 | After six yea rs, | After six yea rs, |
295 | 00:27:22,680 | 00:27:25,040 | they will have restored an area of forest | they will have restored an area of forest |
296 | 00:27:25,160 | 00:27:28,680 | the size of 30,000 football fields... | the size of 30,000 football fields... |
297 | 00:27:29,840 | 00:27:34,120 | ...the largest tropical restoration project in the world. | ...the largest tropical restoration project in the world. |
298 | 00:27:39,320 | 00:27:41,080 | NIALL: The best thing we can possibly do | NIALL: The best thing we can possibly do |
299 | 00:27:41,200 | 00:27:44,440 | to mitigate the effects of a warming planet is to plant more trees | to mitigate the effects of a warming planet is to plant more trees |
300 | 00:27:44,560 | 00:27:46,720 | and protect those trees that we have. | and protect those trees that we have. |
301 | 00:27:46,840 | 00:27:47,880 | We can do this. | We can do this. |
302 | 00:27:48,000 | 00:27:50,720 | If we put them back, we are creating | If we put them back, we are creating |
303 | 00:27:50,840 | 00:27:53,080 | that stable climate that we need to survive, | that stable climate that we need to survive, |
304 | 00:27:53,200 | 00:27:54,640 | and it's such an easy thing to do. | and it's such an easy thing to do. |
305 | 00:27:54,760 | 00:27:59,600 | Planting trees and saving wildlife is a vital solution on land, | Planting trees and saving wildlife is a vital solution on land, |
306 | 00:27:59,720 | 00:28:02,120 | but it's only part of the story. | but it's only part of the story. |
307 | 00:28:02,240 | 00:28:04,320 | The carbon dioxide we produce | The carbon dioxide we produce |
308 | 00:28:04,440 | 00:28:07,040 | is damaging another crucial part of our planet - | is damaging another crucial part of our planet - |
309 | 00:28:07,160 | 00:28:08,640 | the oceans. | the oceans. |
310 | 00:28:13,080 | 00:28:18,040 | Life cannot survive without them. | Life cannot survive without them. |
311 | 00:28:23,280 | 00:28:25,520 | ASHA". The reason we can walk out and live | ASHA". The reason we can walk out and live |
312 | 00:28:25,640 | 00:28:27,840 | and breathe oxygen is because | and breathe oxygen is because |
313 | 00:28:27,960 | 00:28:29,560 | it's generated in the oceans. | it's generated in the oceans. |
314 | 00:28:33,080 | 00:28:37,880 | DAVID: The oceans produce up to 70% of the oxygen we breathe | DAVID: The oceans produce up to 70% of the oxygen we breathe |
315 | 00:28:38,000 | 00:28:41,400 | and feed over three billion people. | and feed over three billion people. |
316 | 00:28:45,960 | 00:28:47,840 | Just like our forests, | Just like our forests, |
317 | 00:28:47,960 | 00:28:53,000 | the plants and animals here absorb vast amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. | the plants and animals here absorb vast amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. |
318 | 00:28:55,440 | 00:28:58,400 | And when they die, it sinks down to the ocean floor. | And when they die, it sinks down to the ocean floor. |
319 | 00:29:01,920 | 00:29:04,600 | ASHA: The ocean is what we call a carbon sink. | ASHA: The ocean is what we call a carbon sink. |
320 | 00:29:04,720 | 00:29:06,800 | Basically, it's a giant sponge | Basically, it's a giant sponge |
321 | 00:29:06,920 | 00:29:12,680 | that has forever been absorbing all the excess carbon from the atmosphere, | that has forever been absorbing all the excess carbon from the atmosphere, |
322 | 00:29:12,800 | 00:29:15,160 | taking it down to the depths and keeping it there. | taking it down to the depths and keeping it there. |
323 | 00:29:16,400 | 00:29:20,160 | DAVID: The most vital life forms that allow the ocean to do this | DAVID: The most vital life forms that allow the ocean to do this |
324 | 00:29:20,280 | 00:29:22,160 | are some of the tiniest, | are some of the tiniest, |
325 | 00:29:22,280 | 00:29:26,240 | microscopic plant-like organisms - | microscopic plant-like organisms - |
326 | 00:29:26,360 | 00:29:28,520 | phytoplankton. | phytoplankton. |
327 | 00:29:28,640 | 00:29:31,760 | JEREMY: Now, we don't pay much attention to the little teeny plankton. | JEREMY: Now, we don't pay much attention to the little teeny plankton. |
328 | 00:29:31,880 | 00:29:37,440 | But plankton are the most important organisms for taking carbon dioxide | But plankton are the most important organisms for taking carbon dioxide |
329 | 00:29:37,560 | 00:29:40,040 | and transforming it into oxygen for the planet. | and transforming it into oxygen for the planet. |
330 | 00:29:41,480 | 00:29:44,080 | NIALL: Phytoplankton are the base of the food chain | NIALL: Phytoplankton are the base of the food chain |
331 | 00:29:44,200 | 00:29:46,120 | on top of which everything else survives. | on top of which everything else survives. |
332 | 00:29:46,240 | 00:29:48,040 | The krill eats the phytoplankton, | The krill eats the phytoplankton, |
333 | 00:29:48,160 | 00:29:50,320 | whales eat the krill, | whales eat the krill, |
334 | 00:29:50,440 | 00:29:53,160 | sharks eat the fish, and so on and so forth. | sharks eat the fish, and so on and so forth. |
335 | 00:29:53,280 | 00:29:57,040 | We need phytoplankton for everything else in the oceans to survive, | We need phytoplankton for everything else in the oceans to survive, |
336 | 00:29:57,160 | 00:30:00,480 | to trap that carbon and keep our climate cool. | to trap that carbon and keep our climate cool. |
337 | 00:30:01,680 | 00:30:06,280 | DAVID: But some of these crucial phytoplankton are under attack. | DAVID: But some of these crucial phytoplankton are under attack. |
338 | 00:30:11,520 | 00:30:14,120 | Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, | Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, |
339 | 00:30:14,240 | 00:30:19,360 | the oceans have absorbed almost half of all our CO₂ emissions. | the oceans have absorbed almost half of all our CO₂ emissions. |
340 | 00:30:20,520 | 00:30:23,160 | But that has come at a cost. | But that has come at a cost. |
341 | 00:30:28,360 | 00:30:33,240 | When water absorbs carbon dioxide, it becomes more acidic. | When water absorbs carbon dioxide, it becomes more acidic. |
342 | 00:30:35,960 | 00:30:39,480 | ASHA: But the problem when you have this acidification | ASHA: But the problem when you have this acidification |
343 | 00:30:39,600 | 00:30:42,200 | is that shells are made of calcium carbonate, | is that shells are made of calcium carbonate, |
344 | 00:30:42,320 | 00:30:44,880 | and as you have this increased acidity in the oceans, | and as you have this increased acidity in the oceans, |
345 | 00:30:45,000 | 00:30:46,920 | it starts to dissolve these structures. | it starts to dissolve these structures. |
346 | 00:30:47,040 | 00:30:51,040 | That threatens anything with a shell. | That threatens anything with a shell. |
347 | 00:30:51,160 | 00:30:54,360 | DAVID: Our increasingly warm, acidic waters | DAVID: Our increasingly warm, acidic waters |
348 | 00:30:54,480 | 00:30:57,520 | are not only destroying coral reefs | are not only destroying coral reefs |
349 | 00:30:57,640 | 00:31:00,360 | but decimating some phytoplankton, | but decimating some phytoplankton, |
350 | 00:31:00,480 | 00:31:04,600 | the amount of which has fallen by as much as 40% in recent years. | the amount of which has fallen by as much as 40% in recent years. |
351 | 00:31:06,760 | 00:31:13,080 | 250 million years ago, the ocean also warmed and became more acidic, | 250 million years ago, the ocean also warmed and became more acidic, |
352 | 00:31:13,200 | 00:31:19,040 | contributing to the mass extinction of around 96% of all marine life. | contributing to the mass extinction of around 96% of all marine life. |
353 | 00:31:20,400 | 00:31:23,600 | ASHA: If we have less phytoplankton, the base of every food web, | ASHA: If we have less phytoplankton, the base of every food web, |
354 | 00:31:23,720 | 00:31:26,160 | you lose so much more of everything else. | you lose so much more of everything else. |
355 | 00:31:28,480 | 00:31:32,000 | It is serious. If we have less phytoplankton, | It is serious. If we have less phytoplankton, |
356 | 00:31:32,120 | 00:31:37,160 | we have less oxygen, which is what we need to survive. | we have less oxygen, which is what we need to survive. |
357 | 00:31:40,840 | 00:31:42,680 | DAVID: And the oceans are being damaged | DAVID: And the oceans are being damaged |
358 | 00:31:42,800 | 00:31:45,200 | in another way. | in another way. |
359 | 00:31:45,320 | 00:31:48,160 | Research suggests that overfishing | Research suggests that overfishing |
360 | 00:31:48,280 | 00:31:53,280 | has removed as much as 90% of all large predatory fish. | has removed as much as 90% of all large predatory fish. |
361 | 00:31:53,400 | 00:31:57,880 | And fewer fish means a marine system that stores | And fewer fish means a marine system that stores |
362 | 00:31:58,000 | 00:31:59,000 | less carbon. | less carbon. |
363 | 00:32:00,040 | 00:32:04,120 | Ocean species are dying at a rate that's so fast | Ocean species are dying at a rate that's so fast |
364 | 00:32:04,240 | 00:32:07,160 | that if it were human beings we would absolutely be terrified. | that if it were human beings we would absolutely be terrified. |
365 | 00:32:13,080 | 00:32:14,480 | DAVID: But there is hope here, too. | DAVID: But there is hope here, too. |
366 | 00:32:14,600 | 00:32:18,320 | (MUFFLED RADIO MESSAGES) | (MUFFLED RADIO MESSAGES) |
367 | 00:32:18,440 | 00:32:20,680 | When areas of ocean are protected, | When areas of ocean are protected, |
368 | 00:32:20,800 | 00:32:23,520 | marine life can recover. | marine life can recover. |
369 | 00:32:27,240 | 00:32:29,080 | Here, off the coast of Gabon, | Here, off the coast of Gabon, |
370 | 00:32:29,200 | 00:32:32,200 | they've created one of Earth's most ambitious networks | they've created one of Earth's most ambitious networks |
371 | 00:32:32,320 | 00:32:34,560 | of marine protected areas. | of marine protected areas. |
372 | 00:32:38,120 | 00:32:41,320 | It's a hot spot for breeding whales and dolphins... | It's a hot spot for breeding whales and dolphins... |
373 | 00:32:44,840 | 00:32:47,720 | ...and one of the most important of all marine predators... | ...and one of the most important of all marine predators... |
374 | 00:32:49,840 | 00:32:51,520 | ...sharks. | ...sharks. |
375 | 00:32:52,640 | 00:32:57,480 | Sharks prevent the species they feed on from becoming overabundant, | Sharks prevent the species they feed on from becoming overabundant, |
376 | 00:32:57,600 | 00:33:01,800 | an essential factor in maintaining our oceans' rich diversity. | an essential factor in maintaining our oceans' rich diversity. |
377 | 00:33:03,400 | 00:33:06,280 | PETER HAMMARSTEDT: When people think about poaching in Africa, | PETER HAMMARSTEDT: When people think about poaching in Africa, |
378 | 00:33:06,400 | 00:33:09,560 | they think about elephants and rhinos and hippos | they think about elephants and rhinos and hippos |
379 | 00:33:09,680 | 00:33:12,360 | and these great, majestic creatures on land. | and these great, majestic creatures on land. |
380 | 00:33:12,480 | 00:33:16,040 | But there is poaching that's taking place at sea. | But there is poaching that's taking place at sea. |
381 | 00:33:17,120 | 00:33:21,920 | The reason that I call these fishermen poachers is that they are taking wildlife | The reason that I call these fishermen poachers is that they are taking wildlife |
382 | 00:33:22,040 | 00:33:24,160 | without licence. | without licence. |
383 | 00:33:24,280 | 00:33:26,920 | DAVID: Captain Peter Hammarstedt, who works for the conservation group | DAVID: Captain Peter Hammarstedt, who works for the conservation group |
384 | 00:33:27,040 | 00:33:28,840 | Sea Shepherd, | Sea Shepherd, |
385 | 00:33:28,960 | 00:33:33,120 | is patrolling the 20,000-square-mile marine park. | is patrolling the 20,000-square-mile marine park. |
386 | 00:33:33,240 | 00:33:34,280 | (HORN BLARES) | (HORN BLARES) |
387 | 00:33:34,400 | 00:33:37,840 | Prepare boats for launch, prepare boats for launch. Thank you. | Prepare boats for launch, prepare boats for launch. Thank you. |
388 | 00:33:37,960 | 00:33:42,520 | DAVID: They've spotted a commercial fishing boat on the edge of the park | DAVID: They've spotted a commercial fishing boat on the edge of the park |
389 | 00:33:42,640 | 00:33:44,920 | which needs investigating. | which needs investigating. |
390 | 00:33:47,120 | 00:33:50,000 | The Gabonese government has joined forces with Peter's team | The Gabonese government has joined forces with Peter's team |
391 | 00:33:50,120 | 00:33:51,920 | to carry out boat inspections. | to carry out boat inspections. |
392 | 00:33:54,400 | 00:33:58,680 | The vessel may have a licence to fish here, | The vessel may have a licence to fish here, |
393 | 00:33:58,800 | 00:34:01,000 | but it could be taking more than its quota | but it could be taking more than its quota |
394 | 00:34:01,120 | 00:34:03,320 | and catching protected species, | and catching protected species, |
395 | 00:34:03,440 | 00:34:05,800 | like dolphins and sharks. | like dolphins and sharks. |
396 | 00:34:05,920 | 00:34:07,680 | (MUFFLED RADIO MESSAGES) | (MUFFLED RADIO MESSAGES) |
397 | 00:34:13,640 | 00:34:15,720 | PETER: When fighting a war to stop illegal fishing, | PETER: When fighting a war to stop illegal fishing, |
398 | 00:34:15,840 | 00:34:19,080 | the odds can seem insurmountable. | the odds can seem insurmountable. |
399 | 00:34:42,480 | 00:34:45,120 | DAVID: This boat's fishing nets have pulled up | DAVID: This boat's fishing nets have pulled up |
400 | 00:34:45,240 | 00:34:47,960 | threatened silky and blue sharks. | threatened silky and blue sharks. |
401 | 00:34:51,240 | 00:34:54,560 | Catching and keeping these creatures is illegal, | Catching and keeping these creatures is illegal, |
402 | 00:34:54,680 | 00:34:58,240 | so the fishermen must throw them back. | so the fishermen must throw them back. |
403 | 00:34:58,360 | 00:35:03,040 | But many are already so badly injured they will not survive the ordeal. | But many are already so badly injured they will not survive the ordeal. |
404 | 00:35:04,560 | 00:35:08,080 | PETER". It saddens me greatly to see these incredible creatures | PETER". It saddens me greatly to see these incredible creatures |
405 | 00:35:08,200 | 00:35:12,800 | being brutally manhandled as they're dragged across the deck, | being brutally manhandled as they're dragged across the deck, |
406 | 00:35:12,920 | 00:35:16,000 | their fingers in their gills as they pull them. | their fingers in their gills as they pull them. |
407 | 00:35:20,920 | 00:35:24,360 | DAVID: Globally each year, millions of sharks | DAVID: Globally each year, millions of sharks |
408 | 00:35:24,480 | 00:35:30,080 | and over 300,000 whales and dolphins are accidentally killed by fishing nets, | and over 300,000 whales and dolphins are accidentally killed by fishing nets, |
409 | 00:35:30,200 | 00:35:33,280 | seriously injuring the health of the oceans. | seriously injuring the health of the oceans. |
410 | 00:35:33,400 | 00:35:38,000 | PETER: It's the efficiency of these vessels that shocks me to the core... | PETER: It's the efficiency of these vessels that shocks me to the core... |
411 | 00:35:39,080 | 00:35:41,640 | ...this sheer killing power of them. | ...this sheer killing power of them. |
412 | 00:35:43,200 | 00:35:45,120 | And you can really see | And you can really see |
413 | 00:35:45,240 | 00:35:48,600 | why the oceans are being sucked dry of life. | why the oceans are being sucked dry of life. |
414 | 00:36:03,760 | 00:36:06,120 | DAVID: But the patrols are working. | DAVID: But the patrols are working. |
415 | 00:36:06,240 | 00:36:10,560 | In the past three yea rs, they have arrested 50 vessels | In the past three yea rs, they have arrested 50 vessels |
416 | 00:36:10,680 | 00:36:12,760 | and inspected hundreds more. | and inspected hundreds more. |
417 | 00:36:13,840 | 00:36:16,080 | PETER: Last year, we assisted the coastguard | PETER: Last year, we assisted the coastguard |
418 | 00:36:16,200 | 00:36:19,000 | to arrest a vessel that was poaching sharks. | to arrest a vessel that was poaching sharks. |
419 | 00:36:19,120 | 00:36:21,520 | And by arresting this one single ship, | And by arresting this one single ship, |
420 | 00:36:21,640 | 00:36:25,600 | we were able to save the lives of 250,000 sharks. | we were able to save the lives of 250,000 sharks. |
421 | 00:36:28,640 | 00:36:32,560 | DAVID: Marine life here now has a chance. | DAVID: Marine life here now has a chance. |
422 | 00:36:34,400 | 00:36:38,200 | Currently, around 5% of the oceans are protected, | Currently, around 5% of the oceans are protected, |
423 | 00:36:38,320 | 00:36:42,760 | but there's a global campaign to raise that to 30%. | but there's a global campaign to raise that to 30%. |
424 | 00:36:43,960 | 00:36:48,360 | If we can do that, many of the planet's most vulnerable species | If we can do that, many of the planet's most vulnerable species |
425 | 00:36:48,480 | 00:36:50,400 | could recover. | could recover. |
426 | 00:36:50,520 | 00:36:55,600 | And a healthier ocean has the power to absorb more CO₂. | And a healthier ocean has the power to absorb more CO₂. |
427 | 00:36:58,320 | 00:36:59,920 | ASHA: We thought the ocean is | ASHA: We thought the ocean is |
428 | 00:37:00,040 | 00:37:05,040 | this infinite space that is full of infinite resources... | this infinite space that is full of infinite resources... |
429 | 00:37:06,080 | 00:37:09,160 | ...and this infinite capacity to | ...and this infinite capacity to |
430 | 00:37:09,280 | 00:37:12,840 | withstand and tolerate everything that we throw at it. | withstand and tolerate everything that we throw at it. |
431 | 00:37:14,480 | 00:37:16,200 | And I think we do need to... | And I think we do need to... |
432 | 00:37:16,320 | 00:37:21,360 | ...stop and reconsider our strategies if we want to move forward. | ...stop and reconsider our strategies if we want to move forward. |
433 | 00:37:26,520 | 00:37:30,400 | DAVID: Humans aren't just damaging life in the sea. | DAVID: Humans aren't just damaging life in the sea. |
434 | 00:37:30,520 | 00:37:35,040 | We're also disturbing one of its most important forces... | We're also disturbing one of its most important forces... |
435 | 00:37:39,280 | 00:37:41,320 | ...ocean currents. | ...ocean currents. |
436 | 00:37:45,600 | 00:37:51,680 | These transport essential nutrients to almost all marine creatures. | These transport essential nutrients to almost all marine creatures. |
437 | 00:37:51,800 | 00:37:53,280 | ASHA: We're dependent on | ASHA: We're dependent on |
438 | 00:37:53,400 | 00:37:56,040 | these large circulation patterns that go on in our oceans. | these large circulation patterns that go on in our oceans. |
439 | 00:37:57,520 | 00:37:59,440 | There's this continuous movement | There's this continuous movement |
440 | 00:37:59,560 | 00:38:01,680 | of beautiful cold water coming from the depths. | of beautiful cold water coming from the depths. |
441 | 00:38:03,120 | 00:38:04,280 | It's chock-full of nutrients, | It's chock-full of nutrients, |
442 | 00:38:04,400 | 00:38:07,080 | it's chock-full of productivity. | it's chock-full of productivity. |
443 | 00:38:07,200 | 00:38:10,520 | DAVID: These currents begin at the poles. | DAVID: These currents begin at the poles. |
444 | 00:38:12,520 | 00:38:13,760 | Here, cold, salty water, | Here, cold, salty water, |
445 | 00:38:13,880 | 00:38:16,800 | which is more dense, sinks to the depths... | which is more dense, sinks to the depths... |
446 | 00:38:18,720 | 00:38:20,880 | ...and flows towards the tropics | ...and flows towards the tropics |
447 | 00:38:21,000 | 00:38:23,040 | and beyond. | and beyond. |
448 | 00:38:25,440 | 00:38:29,880 | In the hotter parts of the Earth, warmer water rises and flows | In the hotter parts of the Earth, warmer water rises and flows |
449 | 00:38:30,000 | 00:38:31,720 | back towards the poles. | back towards the poles. |
450 | 00:38:32,800 | 00:38:35,680 | This creates a global conveyor belt | This creates a global conveyor belt |
451 | 00:38:35,800 | 00:38:39,760 | that circulates nutrients, oxygen and heat around our planet, | that circulates nutrients, oxygen and heat around our planet, |
452 | 00:38:39,880 | 00:38:43,120 | regulating Earth's climate and weather. | regulating Earth's climate and weather. |
453 | 00:38:44,320 | 00:38:49,840 | But it's now feared that our warming planet is destabilising the system. | But it's now feared that our warming planet is destabilising the system. |
454 | 00:38:51,760 | 00:38:54,480 | ASHA: As you have an increase in ocean temperatures, | ASHA: As you have an increase in ocean temperatures, |
455 | 00:38:54,600 | 00:38:56,240 | it has impacts on everything. | it has impacts on everything. |
456 | 00:38:56,360 | 00:38:58,560 | We have glaciers across the world, and as they melt, | We have glaciers across the world, and as they melt, |
457 | 00:38:58,680 | 00:39:02,000 | you have more of this fresh water just pushing into the oceans. | you have more of this fresh water just pushing into the oceans. |
458 | 00:39:02,120 | 00:39:06,080 | And this fresh water is less saline, it's less salty, | And this fresh water is less saline, it's less salty, |
459 | 00:39:06,200 | 00:39:09,240 | and that tends to float at the surface. | and that tends to float at the surface. |
460 | 00:39:10,480 | 00:39:13,800 | And it's not moving. You don't have this circulation. | And it's not moving. You don't have this circulation. |
461 | 00:39:13,920 | 00:39:15,800 | It's causing a breakdown. | It's causing a breakdown. |
462 | 00:39:17,200 | 00:39:20,880 | DAVID: Many animals depend on reliable ocean currents, | DAVID: Many animals depend on reliable ocean currents, |
463 | 00:39:21,000 | 00:39:22,800 | so, as they change, | so, as they change, |
464 | 00:39:22,920 | 00:39:25,600 | the effect can be disastrous. | the effect can be disastrous. |
465 | 00:39:27,680 | 00:39:29,040 | This can be witnessed | This can be witnessed |
466 | 00:39:29,160 | 00:39:32,240 | off the north-east coast of the United States, | off the north-east coast of the United States, |
467 | 00:39:32,360 | 00:39:34,040 | where it's thought to be triggering | where it's thought to be triggering |
468 | 00:39:34,160 | 00:39:37,880 | mass casualties of a critically endangered species. | mass casualties of a critically endangered species. |
469 | 00:39:39,360 | 00:39:42,880 | BOB PRESCOTT: The fact that they're even here just stuns so many people. | BOB PRESCOTT: The fact that they're even here just stuns so many people. |
470 | 00:39:43,000 | 00:39:47,080 | DAVID: Bob Prescott heads up the emergency response team. | DAVID: Bob Prescott heads up the emergency response team. |
471 | 00:39:52,880 | 00:39:56,080 | BOB: We have about 250 people that Walk beaches. | BOB: We have about 250 people that Walk beaches. |
472 | 00:39:56,200 | 00:39:58,400 | DAVID: They're looking for turtles in trouble. | DAVID: They're looking for turtles in trouble. |
473 | 00:40:00,320 | 00:40:01,640 | NEWS: This week's frigid conditions | NEWS: This week's frigid conditions |
474 | 00:40:01,760 | 00:40:04,040 | have stunned sea turtles and left them | have stunned sea turtles and left them |
475 | 00:40:04,160 | 00:40:06,280 | stranded on beaches throughout the north-east. | stranded on beaches throughout the north-east. |
476 | 00:40:06,400 | 00:40:09,760 | If you spot one, move the turtle above the high-tide line | If you spot one, move the turtle above the high-tide line |
477 | 00:40:09,880 | 00:40:12,800 | until a trained responder arrives. | until a trained responder arrives. |
478 | 00:40:12,920 | 00:40:14,280 | BOB: Timing is everything. | BOB: Timing is everything. |
479 | 00:40:14,400 | 00:40:16,640 | If we can get to them within an hour | If we can get to them within an hour |
480 | 00:40:16,760 | 00:40:18,600 | of them washing up onto the beach, | of them washing up onto the beach, |
481 | 00:40:18,720 | 00:40:20,720 | then we're going to be able to save | then we're going to be able to save |
482 | 00:40:20,840 | 00:40:23,240 | 90 to 95% of them. | 90 to 95% of them. |
483 | 00:40:24,320 | 00:40:26,760 | DAVID: Here, off the coast of Boston, | DAVID: Here, off the coast of Boston, |
484 | 00:40:26,880 | 00:40:30,160 | waters are warming faster than almost anywhere on Earth. | waters are warming faster than almost anywhere on Earth. |
485 | 00:40:31,400 | 00:40:34,600 | It's thought to be causing turtles from the tropics to swim | It's thought to be causing turtles from the tropics to swim |
486 | 00:40:34,720 | 00:40:38,120 | further north than ever before for summer feeding. | further north than ever before for summer feeding. |
487 | 00:40:39,880 | 00:40:42,320 | But when the cold autumn waters suddenly close in, | But when the cold autumn waters suddenly close in, |
488 | 00:40:42,440 | 00:40:44,960 | the turtles go into shock. | the turtles go into shock. |
489 | 00:40:47,280 | 00:40:49,520 | BOB: These are very young turtles. | BOB: These are very young turtles. |
490 | 00:40:49,640 | 00:40:51,280 | They're anywhere from one and a half | They're anywhere from one and a half |
491 | 00:40:51,400 | 00:40:52,480 | to six years old. | to six years old. |
492 | 00:40:53,800 | 00:40:56,200 | When we find them, they're hypothermia, | When we find them, they're hypothermia, |
493 | 00:40:56,320 | 00:40:59,760 | their heart is beating at one to five beats a minute. | their heart is beating at one to five beats a minute. |
494 | 00:40:59,880 | 00:41:02,120 | The blood is barely circulating. | The blood is barely circulating. |
495 | 00:41:02,240 | 00:41:04,880 | For all intents and purposes, look dead. | For all intents and purposes, look dead. |
496 | 00:41:05,000 | 00:41:06,400 | DAVID: The critically ill animals | DAVID: The critically ill animals |
497 | 00:41:06,520 | 00:41:09,760 | are rushed to the New England Aquarium, near Boston. | are rushed to the New England Aquarium, near Boston. |
498 | 00:41:09,880 | 00:41:14,880 | It has a state-of-the-art ER unit for turtles. | It has a state-of-the-art ER unit for turtles. |
499 | 00:41:16,320 | 00:41:18,200 | BOB: We don't want to stress them any further, | BOB: We don't want to stress them any further, |
500 | 00:41:18,320 | 00:41:20,880 | so we now treat the whole episode | so we now treat the whole episode |
501 | 00:41:21,000 | 00:41:23,000 | as sort of entering an ICU unit of a hospital. | as sort of entering an ICU unit of a hospital. |
502 | 00:41:24,440 | 00:41:27,200 | This is critical care for some turtles. | This is critical care for some turtles. |
503 | 00:41:27,320 | 00:41:31,040 | AQUARIST: He's pretty stiff, so I can't get his mouth open any more. | AQUARIST: He's pretty stiff, so I can't get his mouth open any more. |
504 | 00:41:31,160 | 00:41:32,840 | See, it's right there. | See, it's right there. |
505 | 00:41:32,960 | 00:41:34,600 | Oh, there we are, there we are. | Oh, there we are, there we are. |
506 | 00:41:36,080 | 00:41:40,280 | DAVID: When a turtle arrives, its condition is rapidly assessed. | DAVID: When a turtle arrives, its condition is rapidly assessed. |
507 | 00:41:40,400 | 00:41:42,440 | - AQUARIST: How you doing? - DAVID: The animals are given | - AQUARIST: How you doing? - DAVID: The animals are given |
508 | 00:41:42,560 | 00:41:44,800 | stabilising drugs and fluids. | stabilising drugs and fluids. |
509 | 00:41:44,920 | 00:41:47,200 | Their lungs are cleared of water | Their lungs are cleared of water |
510 | 00:41:47,320 | 00:41:49,600 | and sand washed out of their scratched eyes. | and sand washed out of their scratched eyes. |
511 | 00:41:52,680 | 00:41:54,560 | AQUARIST: Got emergency meds. | AQUARIST: Got emergency meds. |
512 | 00:41:54,680 | 00:41:56,200 | DAVID: The veterinary team | DAVID: The veterinary team |
513 | 00:41:56,320 | 00:41:57,680 | must ventilate turtles | must ventilate turtles |
514 | 00:41:57,800 | 00:41:59,640 | that are close to death | that are close to death |
515 | 00:41:59,760 | 00:42:01,600 | - to help them breathe. - AQUARIST: No response at all. | - to help them breathe. - AQUARIST: No response at all. |
516 | 00:42:01,720 | 00:42:06,760 | DAVID: But it's worth it for an animal that might live another 50 years. | DAVID: But it's worth it for an animal that might live another 50 years. |
517 | 00:42:08,560 | 00:42:10,480 | BOB". You want to save as many as you can. | BOB". You want to save as many as you can. |
518 | 00:42:11,520 | 00:42:12,880 | And it is depressing at times, | And it is depressing at times, |
519 | 00:42:13,000 | 00:42:14,960 | cos a lot of them don't make it. | cos a lot of them don't make it. |
520 | 00:42:19,480 | 00:42:23,320 | You know, last year at Thanksgiving, we had 200 dead turtles. | You know, last year at Thanksgiving, we had 200 dead turtles. |
521 | 00:42:26,120 | 00:42:30,280 | Right, and you're looking into its eyes, it's looking back at you. | Right, and you're looking into its eyes, it's looking back at you. |
522 | 00:42:30,400 | 00:42:32,000 | There is a connection there. | There is a connection there. |
523 | 00:42:33,280 | 00:42:36,680 | And it gets stronger and stronger as they start to recover. | And it gets stronger and stronger as they start to recover. |
524 | 00:42:39,080 | 00:42:42,480 | DAVID: It can take months for the turtles to recuperate. | DAVID: It can take months for the turtles to recuperate. |
525 | 00:42:42,600 | 00:42:43,880 | But once they do, | But once they do, |
526 | 00:42:44,000 | 00:42:47,520 | they'll make the first plane flight of their lives. | they'll make the first plane flight of their lives. |
527 | 00:42:47,640 | 00:42:50,240 | AQUARIST: We have a big transport this morning, | AQUARIST: We have a big transport this morning, |
528 | 00:42:50,360 | 00:42:52,440 | 44 ridleys and one loggerhead. | 44 ridleys and one loggerhead. |
529 | 00:42:52,560 | 00:42:54,560 | So we're going to start in 15B. | So we're going to start in 15B. |
530 | 00:42:54,680 | 00:42:57,280 | All right, let's get to work! | All right, let's get to work! |
531 | 00:42:58,640 | 00:43:00,080 | BOB: They are part of the planet. | BOB: They are part of the planet. |
532 | 00:43:01,160 | 00:43:05,480 | They're part of our very delicate web of life, if you will. | They're part of our very delicate web of life, if you will. |
533 | 00:43:05,600 | 00:43:08,640 | AQUARIST: 38, 41, 44... | AQUARIST: 38, 41, 44... |
534 | 00:43:08,760 | 00:43:13,120 | BOB: The bottom line for all these turtles is to get them back out into the water. | BOB: The bottom line for all these turtles is to get them back out into the water. |
535 | 00:43:15,800 | 00:43:19,160 | AQUARIST: We're doing great on timing, everybody. | AQUARIST: We're doing great on timing, everybody. |
536 | 00:43:22,240 | 00:43:25,160 | BOB: A very exciting day, cos it just brings that turtle | BOB: A very exciting day, cos it just brings that turtle |
537 | 00:43:25,280 | 00:43:28,360 | one step closer to being released back into the wild. | one step closer to being released back into the wild. |
538 | 00:43:29,960 | 00:43:33,040 | DAVID: These mass casualties of our changing oceans | DAVID: These mass casualties of our changing oceans |
539 | 00:43:33,160 | 00:43:37,040 | are to be flown south, to Florida and beyond. | are to be flown south, to Florida and beyond. |
540 | 00:43:37,160 | 00:43:41,400 | The future of this species depends on these young turtles... | The future of this species depends on these young turtles... |
541 | 00:43:41,520 | 00:43:42,840 | - Ready. - All right! | - Ready. - All right! |
542 | 00:43:42,960 | 00:43:43,960 | ...which will be released | ...which will be released |
543 | 00:43:44,080 | 00:43:48,000 | into the warmer-water currents that they need to survive. | into the warmer-water currents that they need to survive. |
544 | 00:43:51,000 | 00:43:53,320 | BOB: It's a very emotional day for everybody. | BOB: It's a very emotional day for everybody. |
545 | 00:43:53,440 | 00:43:56,120 | These are turtles that staff and volunteers at the aquarium | These are turtles that staff and volunteers at the aquarium |
546 | 00:43:56,240 | 00:43:58,600 | have worked so hard to get them to that point. | have worked so hard to get them to that point. |
547 | 00:44:18,800 | 00:44:22,640 | DAVID: Changes in the ocean currents won't just harm turtles. | DAVID: Changes in the ocean currents won't just harm turtles. |
548 | 00:44:22,760 | 00:44:27,480 | With heat, oxygen and nutrients moving more slowly around the globe, | With heat, oxygen and nutrients moving more slowly around the globe, |
549 | 00:44:27,600 | 00:44:30,720 | the impact on all life could be dramatic. | the impact on all life could be dramatic. |
550 | 00:44:30,840 | 00:44:32,440 | ASHA: I mean, we live in a world | ASHA: I mean, we live in a world |
551 | 00:44:32,560 | 00:44:35,760 | where just one domino in a large game of dominoes, | where just one domino in a large game of dominoes, |
552 | 00:44:35,880 | 00:44:39,400 | so you flick one piece, and you know what happens - everything starts to collapse. | so you flick one piece, and you know what happens - everything starts to collapse. |
553 | 00:44:39,520 | 00:44:42,120 | And that's exactly what we start to see over time | And that's exactly what we start to see over time |
554 | 00:44:42,240 | 00:44:43,800 | as these conveyor belts slow down. | as these conveyor belts slow down. |
555 | 00:44:47,920 | 00:44:52,920 | DAVID: Human activity is destroying the balance of our perfect planet... | DAVID: Human activity is destroying the balance of our perfect planet... |
556 | 00:44:55,160 | 00:44:58,280 | ...disturbing our oceans and disrupting our weather. | ...disturbing our oceans and disrupting our weather. |
557 | 00:44:59,440 | 00:45:02,720 | But can we prevent the damage we're doing? | But can we prevent the damage we're doing? |
558 | 00:45:04,120 | 00:45:06,480 | JEREMY: Now, the human population's at seven billion. | JEREMY: Now, the human population's at seven billion. |
559 | 00:45:06,600 | 00:45:08,440 | It's moving to nine billion. | It's moving to nine billion. |
560 | 00:45:08,560 | 00:45:12,560 | And the problem is, we're already using the equivalent of one and a half Earths. | And the problem is, we're already using the equivalent of one and a half Earths. |
561 | 00:45:15,320 | 00:45:16,840 | It's not sustainable. | It's not sustainable. |
562 | 00:45:19,000 | 00:45:22,240 | DAVID: Around 80% of the energy we use | DAVID: Around 80% of the energy we use |
563 | 00:45:22,360 | 00:45:26,440 | still comes from burning fossil fuels. | still comes from burning fossil fuels. |
564 | 00:45:26,560 | 00:45:29,800 | It's what makes us so dangerous. | It's what makes us so dangerous. |
565 | 00:45:31,080 | 00:45:35,320 | We can reduce CO₂ emissions by consuming less | We can reduce CO₂ emissions by consuming less |
566 | 00:45:35,440 | 00:45:39,160 | or reusing some of our resources. | or reusing some of our resources. |
567 | 00:45:39,280 | 00:45:41,680 | But the biggest saving we could make | But the biggest saving we could make |
568 | 00:45:41,800 | 00:45:45,240 | would be to stop using fossil fuels for our energy. | would be to stop using fossil fuels for our energy. |
569 | 00:45:46,320 | 00:45:48,320 | And there are many people who think | And there are many people who think |
570 | 00:45:48,440 | 00:45:54,440 | that we could exploit the natural forces of the planet to enable us to do that. | that we could exploit the natural forces of the planet to enable us to do that. |
571 | 00:45:58,680 | 00:46:01,920 | JEREMY: The sun does not send us a bill. | JEREMY: The sun does not send us a bill. |
572 | 00:46:02,040 | 00:46:04,120 | The wind has not invoiced us. | The wind has not invoiced us. |
573 | 00:46:07,800 | 00:46:12,040 | Coal, oil, gas, uranium, they're expensive. | Coal, oil, gas, uranium, they're expensive. |
574 | 00:46:12,160 | 00:46:13,960 | The sun and the wind is free. | The sun and the wind is free. |
575 | 00:46:18,920 | 00:46:23,400 | ASHA: We live on a planet that's incredibly dynamic. | ASHA: We live on a planet that's incredibly dynamic. |
576 | 00:46:27,280 | 00:46:28,600 | We all live in environments | We all live in environments |
577 | 00:46:28,720 | 00:46:31,520 | where there is some source of energy that we can tap into. | where there is some source of energy that we can tap into. |
578 | 00:46:31,640 | 00:46:34,280 | There's energy, there's power all around us. | There's energy, there's power all around us. |
579 | 00:46:39,680 | 00:46:42,720 | And we need to start looking at | And we need to start looking at |
580 | 00:46:42,840 | 00:46:47,440 | these natural sources of energy that don't have that negative impact. | these natural sources of energy that don't have that negative impact. |
581 | 00:46:53,840 | 00:46:57,400 | JEREMY". We have more energy than we'll ever know what to do with. | JEREMY". We have more energy than we'll ever know what to do with. |
582 | 00:46:57,520 | 00:46:58,920 | We can power the whole world | We can power the whole world |
583 | 00:46:59,040 | 00:47:04,160 | with just a fraction of the solar and wind that we get every year - a fraction of it! | with just a fraction of the solar and wind that we get every year - a fraction of it! |
584 | 00:47:11,440 | 00:47:14,080 | NIALL: We 're not going to start needing less power any time soon. | NIALL: We 're not going to start needing less power any time soon. |
585 | 00:47:14,200 | 00:47:17,240 | We're just going to have to shift how we generate that power | We're just going to have to shift how we generate that power |
586 | 00:47:17,360 | 00:47:20,360 | from non-renewables to renewables. | from non-renewables to renewables. |
587 | 00:47:26,600 | 00:47:27,960 | DAVID: Volcanic heat. | DAVID: Volcanic heat. |
588 | 00:47:29,040 | 00:47:31,280 | So far, we've only tapped | So far, we've only tapped |
589 | 00:47:31,400 | 00:47:34,160 | some 7% of its global potential. | some 7% of its global potential. |
590 | 00:47:36,440 | 00:47:38,560 | Or the wind in our skies. | Or the wind in our skies. |
591 | 00:47:40,080 | 00:47:41,880 | That could provide | That could provide |
592 | 00:47:42,000 | 00:47:44,800 | 30% of our energy by 2050. | 30% of our energy by 2050. |
593 | 00:47:48,200 | 00:47:50,560 | And the power of the sun, | And the power of the sun, |
594 | 00:47:50,680 | 00:47:53,960 | which is virtually unlimited. | which is virtually unlimited. |
595 | 00:47:55,640 | 00:47:59,480 | In areas where most life struggles to survive... | In areas where most life struggles to survive... |
596 | 00:48:01,000 | 00:48:05,960 | ...there is plenty of space to gather the maximum solar energy. | ...there is plenty of space to gather the maximum solar energy. |
597 | 00:48:08,200 | 00:48:14,360 | The northern Sahara, home to the world's largest concentrated solar power plant. | The northern Sahara, home to the world's largest concentrated solar power plant. |
598 | 00:48:18,800 | 00:48:21,080 | Here, innovative technology | Here, innovative technology |
599 | 00:48:21,200 | 00:48:24,320 | is using mirrors to superheat a special liquid | is using mirrors to superheat a special liquid |
600 | 00:48:24,440 | 00:48:28,800 | to around 400 degrees Celsius. | to around 400 degrees Celsius. |
601 | 00:48:28,920 | 00:48:31,200 | This heat is then stored in molten salt, | This heat is then stored in molten salt, |
602 | 00:48:31,320 | 00:48:36,200 | allowing something not possible before, | allowing something not possible before, |
603 | 00:48:36,320 | 00:48:41,400 | the ability to power steam turbines with the sun's energy during the night. | the ability to power steam turbines with the sun's energy during the night. |
604 | 00:48:42,480 | 00:48:46,000 | It creates green electricity 24 hours a day, | It creates green electricity 24 hours a day, |
605 | 00:48:46,120 | 00:48:49,240 | feeding Morocco's growing energy needs. | feeding Morocco's growing energy needs. |
606 | 00:48:51,120 | 00:48:53,720 | And it has plans to supply Europe. | And it has plans to supply Europe. |
607 | 00:48:55,080 | 00:48:57,800 | NIALL: We need to make enormous shifts in our society. | NIALL: We need to make enormous shifts in our society. |
608 | 00:48:57,920 | 00:48:59,720 | This is starting, | This is starting, |
609 | 00:48:59,840 | 00:49:01,840 | but it's happening just in small places. | but it's happening just in small places. |
610 | 00:49:01,960 | 00:49:05,760 | It needs to happen everywhere, and it needs to happen much, much faster. | It needs to happen everywhere, and it needs to happen much, much faster. |
611 | 00:49:05,880 | 00:49:07,920 | There's really no excuse. | There's really no excuse. |
612 | 00:49:08,040 | 00:49:09,960 | The Earth has all of the power we need. | The Earth has all of the power we need. |
613 | 00:49:10,080 | 00:49:11,520 | (BIRDSONG) | (BIRDSONG) |
614 | 00:49:11,640 | 00:49:13,920 | JEREMY". Our mission is not growth, growth, growth, | JEREMY". Our mission is not growth, growth, growth, |
615 | 00:49:14,040 | 00:49:15,800 | but sustainability, | but sustainability, |
616 | 00:49:15,920 | 00:49:20,920 | and that our responsibility is to steward this planet. | and that our responsibility is to steward this planet. |
617 | 00:49:21,040 | 00:49:22,120 | That's the mission at hand. | That's the mission at hand. |
618 | 00:49:24,520 | 00:49:29,120 | DAVID: But is this transition to a low-carbon society happening fast enough? | DAVID: But is this transition to a low-carbon society happening fast enough? |
619 | 00:49:35,160 | 00:49:39,000 | In 2015, 195 of the world's nations | In 2015, 195 of the world's nations |
620 | 00:49:39,120 | 00:49:43,480 | pledged to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. | pledged to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. |
621 | 00:49:46,440 | 00:49:49,000 | To avoid planetary disaster, | To avoid planetary disaster, |
622 | 00:49:49,120 | 00:49:54,280 | the goal was to limit the warming of the Earth to well below two degrees. | the goal was to limit the warming of the Earth to well below two degrees. |
623 | 00:49:54,400 | 00:49:56,120 | (CHEERING AND APPLAUSE) | (CHEERING AND APPLAUSE) |
624 | 00:49:56,240 | 00:49:58,200 | JOHN KERRY: Together; citizens of the world, | JOHN KERRY: Together; citizens of the world, |
625 | 00:49:58,320 | 00:50:01,840 | we will work to save our planet from ourselves. | we will work to save our planet from ourselves. |
626 | 00:50:04,480 | 00:50:09,000 | BARACK OBAMA: Today's a historic day in the fight to protect our planet. | BARACK OBAMA: Today's a historic day in the fight to protect our planet. |
627 | 00:50:09,120 | 00:50:12,000 | LEONARDO DICAPRiO: You'll either be lauded by future generations... | LEONARDO DICAPRiO: You'll either be lauded by future generations... |
628 | 00:50:13,360 | 00:50:14,960 | ...or vilified by them. | ...or vilified by them. |
629 | 00:50:18,360 | 00:50:20,480 | DAVID: To get an accurate reading | DAVID: To get an accurate reading |
630 | 00:50:20,600 | 00:50:22,560 | of CO₂ levels in the Earth's atmosphere, | of CO₂ levels in the Earth's atmosphere, |
631 | 00:50:22,680 | 00:50:26,640 | you must be far away from the pollution of the cities. | you must be far away from the pollution of the cities. |
632 | 00:50:26,760 | 00:50:29,000 | So in the heart of the Amazon, | So in the heart of the Amazon, |
633 | 00:50:29,120 | 00:50:34,840 | they built a 325-metre tower to do just that. | they built a 325-metre tower to do just that. |
634 | 00:50:34,960 | 00:50:40,400 | It's one of a number of towers around the planet collecting vital data, | It's one of a number of towers around the planet collecting vital data, |
635 | 00:50:40,520 | 00:50:42,960 | and the news is not good. | and the news is not good. |
636 | 00:50:43,080 | 00:50:45,800 | This year, CO₂ levels in the atmosphere | This year, CO₂ levels in the atmosphere |
637 | 00:50:45,920 | 00:50:50,080 | went up yet again, hitting another record high. | went up yet again, hitting another record high. |
638 | 00:50:55,040 | 00:50:57,800 | ASHA: I think we are in a crisis. I'm not going to mince my words. | ASHA: I think we are in a crisis. I'm not going to mince my words. |
639 | 00:50:57,920 | 00:50:59,680 | We are in a crisis right now. | We are in a crisis right now. |
640 | 00:50:59,800 | 00:51:03,320 | NIALL: We are pushing the equilibrium that the planet used to be in | NIALL: We are pushing the equilibrium that the planet used to be in |
641 | 00:51:03,440 | 00:51:05,640 | in a way that may be unrecoverable. | in a way that may be unrecoverable. |
642 | 00:51:08,440 | 00:51:10,240 | JEREMY: Ana' what the scientists are telling us is, | JEREMY: Ana' what the scientists are telling us is, |
643 | 00:51:10,360 | 00:51:14,520 | we will face a runaway cascade of environmental events | we will face a runaway cascade of environmental events |
644 | 00:51:14,640 | 00:51:19,240 | feeding off each other, taking us into an unknown abyss | feeding off each other, taking us into an unknown abyss |
645 | 00:51:19,360 | 00:51:23,200 | that could lead to a very quick mass extinction of much of life on this Earth | that could lead to a very quick mass extinction of much of life on this Earth |
646 | 00:51:23,320 | 00:51:25,520 | in a very, very short period of time. | in a very, very short period of time. |
647 | 00:51:27,600 | 00:51:29,880 | DAVID: Species are becoming extinct | DAVID: Species are becoming extinct |
648 | 00:51:30,000 | 00:51:33,800 | around one hundred times faster than the normal rate. | around one hundred times faster than the normal rate. |
649 | 00:51:33,920 | 00:51:39,520 | So rapid is the loss that zoos around the world are taking drastic action. | So rapid is the loss that zoos around the world are taking drastic action. |
650 | 00:51:41,360 | 00:51:45,880 | They're collecting DNA from endangered species to build | They're collecting DNA from endangered species to build |
651 | 00:51:46,000 | 00:51:48,280 | a genetic store of life before they go extinct. | a genetic store of life before they go extinct. |
652 | 00:51:50,400 | 00:51:54,400 | At Edinburgh Zoo, a health check on a Diana monkey | At Edinburgh Zoo, a health check on a Diana monkey |
653 | 00:51:54,520 | 00:51:55,760 | presents a valuable opportunity | presents a valuable opportunity |
654 | 00:51:55,880 | 00:52:01,520 | to collect a sample for the European network of biobanks. | to collect a sample for the European network of biobanks. |
655 | 00:52:06,040 | 00:52:11,240 | MARLYS HOUCK: We really feel the pressure to bank as many species as we can | MARLYS HOUCK: We really feel the pressure to bank as many species as we can |
656 | 00:52:11,360 | 00:52:15,440 | as fast as we can, before it's too late. | as fast as we can, before it's too late. |
657 | 00:52:15,560 | 00:52:18,280 | DAVID: Marlys Houck at San Diego Zoo | DAVID: Marlys Houck at San Diego Zoo |
658 | 00:52:18,400 | 00:52:22,320 | receives DNA samples from all over the world. | receives DNA samples from all over the world. |
659 | 00:52:23,800 | 00:52:26,800 | She's taking them to a secure vault. | She's taking them to a secure vault. |
660 | 00:52:30,480 | 00:52:34,120 | It's known as the Frozen Zoo. | It's known as the Frozen Zoo. |
661 | 00:52:34,240 | 00:52:36,040 | MARLYS: It's hard to imagine, | MARLYS: It's hard to imagine, |
662 | 00:52:36,160 | 00:52:39,000 | but there's probably more vertebrate life in that room | but there's probably more vertebrate life in that room |
663 | 00:52:39,120 | 00:52:40,960 | than anywhere else on the planet. | than anywhere else on the planet. |
664 | 00:52:44,960 | 00:52:48,200 | We get samples every day. It might be a tiger, | We get samples every day. It might be a tiger, |
665 | 00:52:48,320 | 00:52:51,720 | it might be a bear, it might be a rare reptile. | it might be a bear, it might be a rare reptile. |
666 | 00:52:53,320 | 00:52:58,400 | Right now, we have over 10,000 individuals represented. | Right now, we have over 10,000 individuals represented. |
667 | 00:53:03,120 | 00:53:05,880 | DAVID: The living cells of our world's rarest animals | DAVID: The living cells of our world's rarest animals |
668 | 00:53:06,000 | 00:53:10,320 | are being stored here at minus 200 degrees Celsius... | are being stored here at minus 200 degrees Celsius... |
669 | 00:53:12,400 | 00:53:16,600 | ...keeping their DNA viable indefinitely, | ...keeping their DNA viable indefinitely, |
670 | 00:53:16,720 | 00:53:18,640 | just in case the worst happens. | just in case the worst happens. |
671 | 00:53:20,720 | 00:53:24,360 | There are multiple frozen zoos like this around the world, | There are multiple frozen zoos like this around the world, |
672 | 00:53:24,480 | 00:53:26,680 | and with extinction rates so high, | and with extinction rates so high, |
673 | 00:53:26,800 | 00:53:30,080 | they might be needed sooner than we thought. | they might be needed sooner than we thought. |
674 | 00:53:34,000 | 00:53:36,720 | MARLYS: I hope that we never have to see | MARLYS: I hope that we never have to see |
675 | 00:53:36,840 | 00:53:40,200 | extinction of some of these amazing species. | extinction of some of these amazing species. |
676 | 00:53:43,680 | 00:53:46,080 | But if we do, the samples in the Frozen Zoo | But if we do, the samples in the Frozen Zoo |
677 | 00:53:46,200 | 00:53:50,000 | might be the hope for bringing them back, so that... | might be the hope for bringing them back, so that... |
678 | 00:53:50,120 | 00:53:52,800 | ...our children and grandchildren | ...our children and grandchildren |
679 | 00:53:52,920 | 00:53:55,160 | could once again | could once again |
680 | 00:53:55,280 | 00:53:57,760 | see the actual animals. | see the actual animals. |
681 | 00:53:57,880 | 00:54:02,240 | IZZY: Not knowing what the planet will be like when I'm an adult, | IZZY: Not knowing what the planet will be like when I'm an adult, |
682 | 00:54:02,360 | 00:54:04,680 | not knowing whether it will be capable of sustaining life, | not knowing whether it will be capable of sustaining life, |
683 | 00:54:04,800 | 00:54:07,720 | that is a terrifying thing to face. | that is a terrifying thing to face. |
684 | 00:54:11,760 | 00:54:13,680 | OLIVER: I think the planet that I've been born into | OLIVER: I think the planet that I've been born into |
685 | 00:54:13,800 | 00:54:16,040 | is the most beautiful place that I could ever imagine. | is the most beautiful place that I could ever imagine. |
686 | 00:54:16,160 | 00:54:19,160 | It's full of amazing wildlife... | It's full of amazing wildlife... |
687 | 00:54:19,280 | 00:54:22,200 | ...and us - humans are incredible. | ...and us - humans are incredible. |
688 | 00:54:24,360 | 00:54:28,760 | But we seem to forget that the place that we live in is finite | But we seem to forget that the place that we live in is finite |
689 | 00:54:28,880 | 00:54:33,360 | and very vulnerable, and it seems to be dying before our eyes. | and very vulnerable, and it seems to be dying before our eyes. |
690 | 00:54:39,800 | 00:54:43,560 | SOPHIA: Since the age often, I've been hearing about our warming world, | SOPHIA: Since the age often, I've been hearing about our warming world, |
691 | 00:54:43,680 | 00:54:45,200 | but nothing was really clone at that time - | but nothing was really clone at that time - |
692 | 00:54:45,320 | 00:54:48,040 | all I observed at that time is sort of mass apathy. | all I observed at that time is sort of mass apathy. |
693 | 00:54:51,720 | 00:54:53,760 | But what is positive is that the youth | But what is positive is that the youth |
694 | 00:54:53,880 | 00:54:55,520 | are standing up and are taking leadership. | are standing up and are taking leadership. |
695 | 00:54:55,640 | 00:54:57,280 | (CHANTING) Save our planet! | (CHANTING) Save our planet! |
696 | 00:54:57,400 | 00:54:59,400 | Save our planet! | Save our planet! |
697 | 00:54:59,520 | 00:55:01,280 | Save our planet! | Save our planet! |
698 | 00:55:01,400 | 00:55:02,760 | DIONNE: We need more people to care. | DIONNE: We need more people to care. |
699 | 00:55:02,880 | 00:55:05,440 | We need more people to look at the facts and say, | We need more people to look at the facts and say, |
700 | 00:55:05,560 | 00:55:07,360 | "I will do something about this." | "I will do something about this." |
701 | 00:55:09,840 | 00:55:11,800 | - Whose future? - Our future! | - Whose future? - Our future! |
702 | 00:55:11,920 | 00:55:13,400 | - Whose planet? - Our planet! | - Whose planet? - Our planet! |
703 | 00:55:13,520 | 00:55:14,520 | Whose future? | Whose future? |
704 | 00:55:14,640 | 00:55:19,080 | IZZY: 50 we need to think about how we interact with the natural World. | IZZY: 50 we need to think about how we interact with the natural World. |
705 | 00:55:19,200 | 00:55:21,280 | We need to view it not as a commodity | We need to view it not as a commodity |
706 | 00:55:21,400 | 00:55:24,160 | but as a system that we are a part of... | but as a system that we are a part of... |
707 | 00:55:33,800 | 00:55:35,760 | ...because we are inextricably linked | ...because we are inextricably linked |
708 | 00:55:35,880 | 00:55:38,200 | to the natural world, and whatever happens | to the natural world, and whatever happens |
709 | 00:55:38,320 | 00:55:40,000 | to the oceans, | to the oceans, |
710 | 00:55:40,120 | 00:55:42,880 | whatever happens to the forests, | whatever happens to the forests, |
711 | 00:55:43,000 | 00:55:45,960 | whatever happens to the deserts, that will come back | whatever happens to the deserts, that will come back |
712 | 00:55:46,080 | 00:55:47,840 | and it will happen to us. | and it will happen to us. |
713 | 00:56:01,560 | 00:56:04,840 | DAVID: Right now, we have the capacity and knowledge | DAVID: Right now, we have the capacity and knowledge |
714 | 00:56:04,960 | 00:56:07,240 | to stop the damage we are doing. | to stop the damage we are doing. |
715 | 00:56:09,280 | 00:56:11,080 | But what we don't have | But what we don't have |
716 | 00:56:11,200 | 00:56:12,880 | is time. | is time. |
717 | 00:56:14,280 | 00:56:17,000 | My inspiration and hope for the future | My inspiration and hope for the future |
718 | 00:56:17,120 | 00:56:20,880 | lies with the next generation. | lies with the next generation. |
719 | 00:56:21,000 | 00:56:25,520 | But we all have a responsibility to reduce our carbon footprints, | But we all have a responsibility to reduce our carbon footprints, |
720 | 00:56:25,640 | 00:56:28,200 | harness the forces of nature for our energy | harness the forces of nature for our energy |
721 | 00:56:28,320 | 00:56:31,240 | and protect the natural world. | and protect the natural world. |
722 | 00:56:31,360 | 00:56:36,480 | The survival of humanity and our fellow creatures on Earth depends upon it. | The survival of humanity and our fellow creatures on Earth depends upon it. |
723 | 00:56:38,040 | 00:56:42,760 | Do you want to be the last generation that signed the death certificate of humanity? | Do you want to be the last generation that signed the death certificate of humanity? |
724 | 00:56:42,880 | 00:56:46,360 | Do you want to be the generation that sees the last elephant killed? | Do you want to be the generation that sees the last elephant killed? |
725 | 00:56:46,480 | 00:56:50,120 | Do you want to be the generation that sees the last fish fished out of the sea? | Do you want to be the generation that sees the last fish fished out of the sea? |
726 | 00:56:50,240 | 00:56:53,680 | Or do you want to be the generation and the individuals that turned it around? | Or do you want to be the generation and the individuals that turned it around? |
727 | 00:56:53,800 | 00:56:56,920 | This is the single most serious moment | This is the single most serious moment |
728 | 00:56:57,040 | 00:57:01,960 | in the 200,000 years that our species has been on this Earth. | in the 200,000 years that our species has been on this Earth. |
729 | 00:57:02,080 | 00:57:03,800 | I see reason to hope. | I see reason to hope. |
730 | 00:57:04,800 | 00:57:07,080 | And I think we can. | And I think we can. |
731 | 00:57:07,200 | 00:57:11,520 | I think we, humans, we are incredibly intelligent animals, | I think we, humans, we are incredibly intelligent animals, |
732 | 00:57:11,640 | 00:57:12,840 | and we can, | and we can, |
733 | 00:57:12,960 | 00:57:14,280 | and we will, | and we will, |
734 | 00:57:14,400 | 00:57:16,280 | if we set our minds to it. | if we set our minds to it. |