1 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:11,860 MAN: Shake this square world and blast off for Kicksville. 2 00:02:11,860 --> 00:02:15,600 RICHARD NIXON: Public enemy number one is drug abuse. 3 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:17,130 NANCY REAGAN: Just say no. 4 00:02:17,130 --> 00:02:19,070 RONALD REAGAN: Halting the drug problem in America 5 00:02:19,070 --> 00:02:23,140 is like carrying water in a sieve. 6 00:02:23,140 --> 00:02:27,810 GEORGE H.W. BUSH: Take my word for it, this scourge will stop! 7 00:02:27,810 --> 00:02:29,080 KAMALA HARRIS: There's now an understanding 8 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:33,680 that the war on drugs was an abject failure. 9 00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:37,150 MAN: You have to stop and ask yourself, how did we get here? 10 00:02:37,150 --> 00:02:40,290 DONALD TRUMP: We will build a wall. 11 00:02:40,290 --> 00:02:50,200 ♪ ♪ 12 00:02:59,780 --> 00:03:15,490 ♪ ♪ 13 00:03:39,820 --> 00:03:41,320 (gunfire) 14 00:03:41,320 --> 00:03:43,350 (explosion) 15 00:03:43,350 --> 00:03:46,120 ♪ ♪ 16 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:55,860 (explosions) 17 00:03:55,870 --> 00:03:56,900 (gunfire) 18 00:03:56,900 --> 00:04:02,300 ♪ ♪ 19 00:04:02,300 --> 00:04:04,640 REPORTER: The Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia, 20 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:05,910 known as the FARC, 21 00:04:05,910 --> 00:04:08,640 is the most powerful guerrilla group in the country. 22 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:10,710 They control the areas where large amounts 23 00:04:10,710 --> 00:04:13,180 of the world's cocaine is produced. 24 00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:19,120 ♪ ♪ 25 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:21,120 REPORTER: They are known as paramilitaries. 26 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,590 They celebrate a legend of heroic defiance 27 00:04:23,590 --> 00:04:25,130 against the kidnappers. 28 00:04:25,130 --> 00:04:27,590 The mission is to achieve what the army cannot: 29 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:29,230 defeat the guerrillas. 30 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:36,870 (gunfire) 31 00:04:36,870 --> 00:05:14,780 ♪ ♪ 32 00:05:14,780 --> 00:05:20,150 (siren) 33 00:05:43,340 --> 00:05:49,240 ♪ ♪ 34 00:05:57,220 --> 00:06:01,150 ♪ ♪ 35 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:07,190 ♪ ♪ 36 00:07:20,170 --> 00:07:23,170 REPORTER: 12 died and more than 200 passersby were injured 37 00:07:23,170 --> 00:07:25,040 in this recent explosion. 38 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:26,970 Another outrage was to follow, 39 00:07:26,980 --> 00:07:30,110 this time there was no mistaking the culprit's identity. 40 00:07:30,110 --> 00:07:32,850 They'd left their signature at the scene. 41 00:07:32,850 --> 00:07:40,390 ♪ ♪ 42 00:07:41,990 --> 00:07:44,390 REPORTER: Pablo Escobar couldn't stay out of the public eye, 43 00:07:44,390 --> 00:07:46,860 and that's what killed him. 44 00:07:46,860 --> 00:07:48,330 He died in a hail of bullets 45 00:07:48,330 --> 00:07:50,830 as he tried to get away across a roof. 46 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:21,830 CHRIS FEISTL: In December 1993, after Pablo Escobar is killed, 47 00:08:21,830 --> 00:08:24,500 there is a power vacuum. 48 00:08:24,500 --> 00:08:26,370 ♪ ♪ 49 00:08:26,370 --> 00:08:30,240 (helicopter) 50 00:08:30,240 --> 00:08:36,840 ♪ ♪ 51 00:08:36,850 --> 00:08:43,850 ♪ ♪ 52 00:08:43,850 --> 00:08:47,190 (shouts orders) 53 00:08:47,190 --> 00:08:49,390 JEREMY McDERMOTT: The FARC embraced drugs 54 00:08:49,390 --> 00:08:52,530 and used them to fund the revolutionary struggle 55 00:08:52,530 --> 00:08:54,660 and the growth of the FARC, 56 00:08:54,660 --> 00:08:58,870 and the growth of coca crops in Colombia is a parallel line. 57 00:08:58,870 --> 00:09:02,070 Wherever the coca is, you tend to find the FARC. 58 00:09:02,070 --> 00:09:07,440 ♪ ♪ 59 00:09:20,690 --> 00:09:24,560 (gunfire) 60 00:09:36,110 --> 00:09:52,190 ♪ ♪ 61 00:10:25,220 --> 00:10:31,020 ♪ ♪ 62 00:10:31,030 --> 00:10:38,030 ♪ ♪ 63 00:10:38,030 --> 00:10:46,770 (speaking Spanish) 64 00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:50,910 McDERMOTT: Carlos is the public face, extremely charismatic. 65 00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:32,450 (siren) 66 00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:39,830 ♪ ♪ 67 00:11:52,770 --> 00:12:04,720 ♪ ♪ 68 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:06,250 McDERMOTT: He wasn't from Medellín. 69 00:12:06,260 --> 00:12:09,720 He was actually from Tuluá on the Pacific coast. 70 00:12:09,730 --> 00:12:12,530 It is rumored that he was, for a short time, 71 00:12:12,530 --> 00:12:14,190 a left-wing guerrilla. 72 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:20,930 ♪ ♪ 73 00:12:20,940 --> 00:12:27,610 ♪ ♪ 74 00:12:27,610 --> 00:12:29,810 He is what we call a "lavaperro," 75 00:12:29,810 --> 00:12:33,010 which is like the lowest rung in the criminal structure. 76 00:12:33,020 --> 00:12:35,880 It literally means a dog washer. 77 00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:39,420 And he proves his worth very quickly. 78 00:12:39,420 --> 00:12:44,630 ♪ ♪ 79 00:12:44,630 --> 00:12:48,900 The guerrillas try and muscle in on the cartel. 80 00:12:48,900 --> 00:12:51,160 Berna says, "Let me take care of this," 81 00:12:51,170 --> 00:12:54,230 and there is a series of bloody shootouts 82 00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:58,170 in which Berna takes anything up to 11 bullets and loses his leg. 83 00:12:58,170 --> 00:13:01,910 But they win. 84 00:13:01,910 --> 00:13:04,710 Berna's not the most handsome man. 85 00:13:04,710 --> 00:13:06,980 He was a lot less handsome after he lost his leg 86 00:13:06,980 --> 00:13:10,920 and took a bullet through the cheek and various other things. 87 00:13:10,920 --> 00:13:15,190 This does not hamper his criminal career at all. 88 00:13:15,190 --> 00:13:26,330 ♪ ♪ 89 00:13:26,340 --> 00:13:32,940 ♪ ♪ 90 00:13:32,940 --> 00:13:34,410 FRANCISCO SANTOS CALDERÓN: Pablo Escobar not only 91 00:13:34,410 --> 00:13:35,740 was a drug trafficker, 92 00:13:35,740 --> 00:13:38,410 but he was also an entrepreneur of violence. 93 00:13:38,410 --> 00:13:41,420 And he created different groups, gangs. 94 00:13:41,420 --> 00:13:44,620 When he dies, there's a vacuum, 95 00:13:44,620 --> 00:13:48,960 and many of those gangs are left with who controls it. 96 00:13:48,960 --> 00:13:52,890 ♪ ♪ 97 00:13:52,900 --> 00:14:06,110 ♪ ♪ 98 00:14:06,110 --> 00:14:11,040 McDERMOTT: Don Berna learnt a key lesson from Escobar, 99 00:14:11,050 --> 00:14:15,720 which is never become visible; remain in the shadows. 100 00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:17,850 STEVEN COHEN: He arguably becomes more powerful 101 00:14:17,850 --> 00:14:20,120 than Pablo Escobar ever was. 102 00:14:29,060 --> 00:14:33,330 ♪ ♪ 103 00:14:33,340 --> 00:14:43,380 ♪ ♪ 104 00:15:00,760 --> 00:15:08,070 ♪ ♪ 105 00:15:25,850 --> 00:15:32,160 ♪ ♪ 106 00:15:40,540 --> 00:15:46,940 ♪ ♪ 107 00:16:07,700 --> 00:16:11,230 McDERMOTT: And the message is clear: We're coming. 108 00:16:11,230 --> 00:16:12,430 (boom) 109 00:16:12,430 --> 00:16:25,510 ♪ ♪ 110 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:41,390 ♪ ♪ 111 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:46,870 ♪ ♪ 112 00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:48,870 (rooster crows) 113 00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:01,680 REPORTER: People living in Mapiripán were suspected 114 00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:04,950 of helping the FARC, providing them with food and shelter. 115 00:17:23,510 --> 00:17:24,970 REPORTER: As the paramilitaries entered, 116 00:17:24,970 --> 00:17:27,610 they marked the town as their territory. 117 00:17:36,850 --> 00:17:38,920 REPORTER: Villagers were taken from their homes. 118 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:41,190 The killing began in the main street. 119 00:18:10,750 --> 00:18:13,220 REPORTER: Three villagers were publicly executed, 120 00:18:13,220 --> 00:18:17,420 beheaded with chainsaws. 121 00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:19,360 Many more perished. 122 00:18:19,360 --> 00:18:21,890 ♪ ♪ 123 00:18:21,900 --> 00:18:26,970 ♪ ♪ 124 00:18:26,970 --> 00:18:30,340 None of the dead wore uniforms or carried guns. 125 00:18:37,510 --> 00:18:48,450 ♪ ♪ 126 00:18:48,460 --> 00:19:01,530 ♪ ♪ 127 00:19:01,540 --> 00:19:08,340 ♪ ♪ 128 00:19:22,820 --> 00:19:33,500 ♪ ♪ 129 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:37,570 (gunfire) 130 00:19:48,780 --> 00:19:50,920 SOLDIERS: ¡Uno, dos, tres! 131 00:20:19,410 --> 00:20:25,020 McDERMOTT: The cocaine trade hid in Colombia's civil conflict. 132 00:20:25,020 --> 00:20:28,150 And suddenly we have a right-wing 133 00:20:28,160 --> 00:20:30,890 anti-subversive paramilitarism 134 00:20:30,890 --> 00:20:34,030 which is welcomed in so many parts of Colombia 135 00:20:34,030 --> 00:20:37,100 against the guerrillas who were kidnapping and extorting. 136 00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:41,230 But this is just the new Medellín Cartel. 137 00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:43,040 But it's cleverer. 138 00:20:43,040 --> 00:20:46,840 It's got a political façade, it's militarized. 139 00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:52,710 ♪ ♪ 140 00:20:52,710 --> 00:20:53,550 (guns cocking) 141 00:21:05,530 --> 00:21:13,030 ♪ ♪ 142 00:21:29,020 --> 00:21:32,050 (gunfire) 143 00:21:39,890 --> 00:21:40,830 (knocking) 144 00:22:23,070 --> 00:22:31,680 ♪ ♪ 145 00:22:38,220 --> 00:22:43,020 ♪ ♪ 146 00:22:43,020 --> 00:22:48,430 (siren) 147 00:22:48,430 --> 00:23:02,740 ♪ ♪ 148 00:23:12,920 --> 00:23:20,360 ♪ ♪ 149 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:27,200 MAN: Stop? MAN: Yeah. 150 00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:27,970 MAN: Okay. 151 00:23:32,010 --> 00:23:40,850 ♪ ♪ 152 00:23:48,760 --> 00:23:49,960 JEREMY SALAMEH: The Oficina de Envigado 153 00:23:49,960 --> 00:23:53,090 was originally established to mediate, 154 00:23:53,090 --> 00:23:55,190 to collect money that was owed. 155 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:57,630 And it was almost like an internal affairs 156 00:23:57,630 --> 00:24:00,030 operation of sorts. 157 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:05,840 Don Berna made it clear, "I'm taking this over, 158 00:24:05,840 --> 00:24:10,040 and if there's any pushback, 159 00:24:10,050 --> 00:24:12,450 you're gonna have to deal with it." 160 00:24:12,450 --> 00:24:15,980 McDERMOTT: And he turns this vehicle into his bid 161 00:24:15,980 --> 00:24:18,450 to take control of Medellín. 162 00:24:18,450 --> 00:24:23,390 ♪ ♪ 163 00:24:23,390 --> 00:24:27,260 And he begins to scoop up a lot of the criminal infrastructure 164 00:24:27,260 --> 00:24:30,730 and set up these debt-collecting agencies, or oficinas, 165 00:24:30,730 --> 00:24:33,830 all around Medellín, and they all answer to him. 166 00:24:40,070 --> 00:24:42,670 COHEN: He understands that his rise to power 167 00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:47,080 and his own control of power depends on his good standing 168 00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:49,950 with the security state and with politicians. 169 00:24:49,950 --> 00:24:54,950 ♪ ♪ 170 00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:56,820 SALAMEH: Corruption at all levels 171 00:24:56,820 --> 00:24:58,490 was going through the roof. 172 00:24:58,490 --> 00:25:00,160 He would do things that would help the authorities, 173 00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:03,560 and sometimes the authorities would do things to help him. 174 00:25:03,570 --> 00:25:06,300 They did operations together sometimes. 175 00:25:06,300 --> 00:25:18,110 ♪ ♪ 176 00:25:41,140 --> 00:25:47,870 ♪ ♪ 177 00:26:25,910 --> 00:26:32,380 ♪ ♪ 178 00:26:32,390 --> 00:26:36,990 ♪ ♪ 179 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:41,790 (popping and crackling) 180 00:27:41,790 --> 00:27:44,060 (crowd oohs) 181 00:27:44,060 --> 00:27:56,600 ♪ ♪ 182 00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:59,540 SALAMEH: So nothing really occurred unless Don Berna 183 00:27:59,540 --> 00:28:03,140 or his higher infrastructure approved it. 184 00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:09,850 ♪ ♪ 185 00:28:09,850 --> 00:28:12,820 People often refer to homeless people 186 00:28:12,820 --> 00:28:14,950 or these homeless children and so forth, 187 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:19,630 they call them "desechables," like the throw-aways. 188 00:28:19,630 --> 00:28:23,830 And somebody's considered a desechable, a disposable person, 189 00:28:23,830 --> 00:28:25,960 doesn't mean you can go out and kill them, 190 00:28:25,970 --> 00:28:29,100 but that's what they did, they cleaned up the streets. 191 00:28:29,100 --> 00:28:37,780 ♪ ♪ 192 00:28:37,780 --> 00:28:42,520 And there was a scourge of those kind of folks, 193 00:28:42,520 --> 00:28:46,520 people disappeared, people got killed, people got displaced. 194 00:28:46,520 --> 00:28:48,520 They cleaned up the city, 195 00:28:48,520 --> 00:28:55,260 and I think there was some sense that at certain levels... 196 00:28:55,260 --> 00:28:59,130 In other words, it was accepted because of the outcome. 197 00:28:59,130 --> 00:29:11,080 ♪ ♪ 198 00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:14,810 McDERMOTT: Berna sees what the paramilitaries are doing, 199 00:29:14,820 --> 00:29:18,880 and he goes, "This is an extraordinary business model, 200 00:29:18,890 --> 00:29:20,020 I want in." 201 00:29:20,020 --> 00:29:20,920 (gun cocks) 202 00:29:42,510 --> 00:29:47,250 ♪ ♪ 203 00:29:47,250 --> 00:29:48,650 McDERMOTT: So, there's lots of problems 204 00:29:48,650 --> 00:29:50,380 within the paramilitary army. 205 00:29:50,390 --> 00:29:52,180 If someone loses a load 206 00:29:52,190 --> 00:29:55,520 or someone sleeps with someone else's wife, 207 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,190 normally in the drug trafficking world, there's violence. 208 00:29:58,190 --> 00:30:03,330 Berna says, "No, we can sort this out." 209 00:30:03,330 --> 00:30:05,130 He's not always successful, 210 00:30:05,130 --> 00:30:07,400 but what he does is he begins to put discipline 211 00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:10,000 on the paramilitary movement. 212 00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:24,080 ♪ ♪ 213 00:31:00,050 --> 00:31:01,720 (speaking Spanish) 214 00:31:01,720 --> 00:31:03,190 McDERMOTT: Vicente's got a stutter, 215 00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:08,260 not remotely charismatic, but super able at the business side. 216 00:31:08,260 --> 00:31:12,060 And they turn the paramilitary army, 217 00:31:12,070 --> 00:31:15,470 and this need to counteract the advance 218 00:31:15,470 --> 00:31:17,340 of the Marxist guerrillas, 219 00:31:17,340 --> 00:31:21,210 into a nationwide criminal network, 220 00:31:21,210 --> 00:31:25,410 a VIP club for drug traffickers. 221 00:31:25,410 --> 00:31:27,080 And people begin to realize 222 00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:31,680 this is just the most powerful drug cartel there is; 223 00:31:31,690 --> 00:31:34,890 dwarfs the power of the Medellín Cartel. 224 00:31:34,890 --> 00:31:36,760 And at that stage the paramilitaries 225 00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:39,760 are the most powerful criminal syndicate on the planet. 226 00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:41,230 VICENTE CASTAÑO: Muchas gracias. 227 00:31:41,230 --> 00:31:53,240 ♪ ♪ 228 00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:55,770 (gunfire) 229 00:31:55,780 --> 00:31:58,110 COHEN: And there really is a fear in Colombian society 230 00:31:58,110 --> 00:32:00,910 and also at high levels of government 231 00:32:00,920 --> 00:32:04,980 that the FARC are actually gonna manage to take over the country. 232 00:32:04,990 --> 00:32:07,420 (gunfire) 233 00:32:07,420 --> 00:32:14,130 ♪ ♪ 234 00:32:14,130 --> 00:32:15,560 CALDERÓN: The main road to Medellín 235 00:32:15,560 --> 00:32:17,060 sometimes was a week closed 236 00:32:17,060 --> 00:32:19,400 because of attacks from the FARC to the road. 237 00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:21,730 Bogotá is surrounded by FARC fronts. 238 00:32:21,740 --> 00:32:25,140 They were getting ready to take over the capital. 239 00:32:25,140 --> 00:32:26,410 (gunfire) 240 00:32:26,410 --> 00:32:29,210 People were abandoning Colombia massively; 241 00:32:29,210 --> 00:32:31,610 everybody was seeing Colombia as a sinking ship. 242 00:32:31,610 --> 00:32:34,410 And frankly, when you saw the growth of the FARC, 243 00:32:34,420 --> 00:32:35,750 the growth of the paramilitaries, 244 00:32:35,750 --> 00:32:37,150 it was hard not to think 245 00:32:37,150 --> 00:32:41,020 that Colombia could become a narco state or a failed state. 246 00:32:49,700 --> 00:32:51,500 BILL CLINTON: We got to stand by these democracies, 247 00:32:51,500 --> 00:32:55,370 including, and especially tonight, Colombia, 248 00:32:55,370 --> 00:32:57,100 which is fighting narco traffickers 249 00:32:57,100 --> 00:33:00,710 for its own people's lives and for our children's lives. 250 00:33:00,710 --> 00:33:02,840 I have proposed a strong two-year package 251 00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:05,240 to help Colombia win this fight. 252 00:33:05,250 --> 00:33:15,250 ♪ ♪ 253 00:33:15,260 --> 00:33:21,460 ♪ ♪ 254 00:33:21,460 --> 00:33:24,330 COHEN: Plan Colombia was this major billion-dollar effort 255 00:33:24,330 --> 00:33:26,800 to bring the Colombian military up to snuff 256 00:33:26,800 --> 00:33:29,940 to be able to take on the narco-traffickers. 257 00:33:29,940 --> 00:33:31,070 (gunfire) 258 00:33:33,610 --> 00:33:38,940 And that meant training, that meant weapons, technology. 259 00:33:38,950 --> 00:33:40,950 (gunfire) 260 00:33:40,950 --> 00:33:44,020 It's also the point at which counter-narcotics 261 00:33:44,020 --> 00:33:49,220 and counter-insurgency become explicitly the same thing. 262 00:33:49,220 --> 00:33:50,360 REPORTER: Officially the United States 263 00:33:50,360 --> 00:33:52,360 is fighting a war on drugs. 264 00:33:52,360 --> 00:33:54,360 In practice, it is bankrolling conflict 265 00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:56,700 against communist guerrillas. 266 00:34:01,370 --> 00:34:04,840 COHEN: The escalating threat of communist takeover 267 00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:08,970 becomes the justification for increasingly overt alliance 268 00:34:08,980 --> 00:34:12,710 with the narco-paramilitaries as the most effective 269 00:34:12,710 --> 00:34:15,780 fighting force against the rising communist menace. 270 00:34:15,780 --> 00:34:17,450 (gunfire) 271 00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:21,320 (gunfire) 272 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:28,190 ♪ ♪ 273 00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:30,000 (explosion) 274 00:34:39,870 --> 00:34:48,810 ♪ ♪ 275 00:34:48,820 --> 00:34:54,750 ♪ ♪ 276 00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:57,860 (speaking Spanish) 277 00:35:21,650 --> 00:35:27,850 (plane approaching) 278 00:35:27,860 --> 00:35:34,260 ♪ ♪ 279 00:35:34,260 --> 00:35:37,730 (gunfire) 280 00:35:37,730 --> 00:35:41,270 REPORTER: America's war on drugs ignores the paramilitaries. 281 00:35:41,270 --> 00:35:43,400 Instead, government helicopters protect planes 282 00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:46,810 dropping poison in the coca fields below. 283 00:35:46,810 --> 00:35:48,740 Their aim is to destroy the plantations 284 00:35:48,740 --> 00:35:50,810 controlled by the FARC. 285 00:35:50,810 --> 00:35:55,610 ♪ ♪ 286 00:35:55,620 --> 00:36:01,150 ♪ ♪ 287 00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:07,960 ♪ ♪ 288 00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:11,960 MAN: We have no relationship with the AUC. 289 00:36:11,970 --> 00:36:15,570 COHEN: By 2001, the extent of paramilitary involvement 290 00:36:15,570 --> 00:36:20,040 in the drug trade was too blatant to ignore. 291 00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:22,440 MAN: They claim to wish to protect Colombian citizens 292 00:36:22,440 --> 00:36:23,840 from other terrorist groups, 293 00:36:23,840 --> 00:36:27,510 but they then massacre and displace the same citizens, 294 00:36:27,520 --> 00:36:30,450 and they claim to stand against kidnapping and extortion, 295 00:36:30,450 --> 00:36:33,390 and then engage in those very practices. 296 00:36:35,590 --> 00:36:38,660 COHEN: So, in this very weird twist of history, 297 00:36:38,660 --> 00:36:42,990 the AUC gets designated an official terrorist organization 298 00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:46,870 the day before September 11th. 299 00:36:46,870 --> 00:36:48,730 McDERMOTT: And then everything changes again on 9/11. 300 00:36:48,740 --> 00:36:53,210 The war on terror and the war on drugs have now become one. 301 00:38:10,020 --> 00:38:17,020 ♪ ♪ 302 00:38:17,020 --> 00:38:19,090 ÁLVARO URIBE: Prudencia, muchachos. 303 00:38:19,090 --> 00:38:20,760 Prudencia. 304 00:38:20,760 --> 00:38:26,430 ♪ ♪ 305 00:38:26,430 --> 00:38:29,770 FEISTL: President Uribe came up with the Justice and Peace Plan, 306 00:38:29,770 --> 00:38:33,970 which would give benefits to paramilitary fighters 307 00:38:33,970 --> 00:38:37,840 who decided to come in, demobilize, disband, 308 00:38:37,850 --> 00:38:40,780 surrender their weapons, and stop drug trafficking 309 00:38:40,780 --> 00:38:43,180 and any crimes that they were involved in. 310 00:38:43,180 --> 00:38:48,250 ♪ ♪ 311 00:38:48,260 --> 00:38:49,990 ♪ ♪ 312 00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:45,740 ♪ ♪ 313 00:39:59,660 --> 00:40:07,470 ♪ ♪ 314 00:40:11,140 --> 00:40:19,950 ♪ ♪ 315 00:40:22,280 --> 00:40:30,390 ♪ ♪ 316 00:40:34,030 --> 00:40:35,490 (gunshot) 317 00:40:40,570 --> 00:40:43,030 ♪ ♪ 318 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:47,410 ♪ ♪ 319 00:40:59,190 --> 00:41:07,190 ♪ ♪ 320 00:41:13,670 --> 00:41:17,900 (siren) 321 00:41:23,740 --> 00:41:42,430 ♪ ♪ 322 00:41:42,430 --> 00:41:44,760 FEISTL: He wants to try to reap the benefits 323 00:41:44,770 --> 00:41:46,560 of the Justice and Peace Law, 324 00:41:46,570 --> 00:41:50,170 which basically says if you're a paramilitary and you surrender, 325 00:41:50,170 --> 00:41:52,100 you would be eligible for certain benefits 326 00:41:52,110 --> 00:41:54,710 under the Justice and Peace Plan, 327 00:41:54,710 --> 00:41:58,310 which are very reduced sentences, under house arrest 328 00:41:58,310 --> 00:42:00,780 or some kind of minimal confinement. 329 00:42:13,330 --> 00:42:24,340 ♪ ♪ 330 00:42:24,340 --> 00:42:26,340 McDERMOTT: The Americans and the Colombian public are seeing 331 00:42:26,340 --> 00:42:29,210 that this peace process is bordering on farce 332 00:42:29,210 --> 00:42:36,010 as these guys continue to move drugs, live the high life. 333 00:42:36,020 --> 00:42:38,350 And so once the agreement is signed, 334 00:42:38,350 --> 00:42:40,550 the constitutional court changes all the rules, 335 00:42:40,550 --> 00:42:44,160 and they are suddenly sucked down into the prison system. 336 00:42:44,160 --> 00:42:48,430 And then in 2008, what they all feared, they're all extradited. 337 00:42:48,430 --> 00:43:11,180 ♪ ♪ 338 00:43:11,190 --> 00:43:15,590 ♪ ♪ 339 00:43:15,590 --> 00:43:17,790 CALDERÓN: How do you measure the success of Plan Colombia? 340 00:43:17,790 --> 00:43:19,060 It's Colombia itself. 341 00:43:19,060 --> 00:43:20,290 From a failed state 342 00:43:20,290 --> 00:43:23,390 to the darling of investment of what it is now. 343 00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,330 Colombia is a beacon of stability. 344 00:43:26,330 --> 00:43:28,330 COHEN: Today people will tell you that Plan Colombia's 345 00:43:28,330 --> 00:43:31,800 a success despite the human rights abuses 346 00:43:31,810 --> 00:43:33,470 let loose on the Colombian countryside. 347 00:43:33,470 --> 00:43:35,610 WOMAN: Vamos, vamos. 348 00:43:35,610 --> 00:43:38,480 COHEN: If the war on drugs is in fact an effort to stop drugs 349 00:43:38,480 --> 00:43:39,880 from entering the United States, 350 00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:42,410 it is clearly an abysmal failure. 351 00:43:42,420 --> 00:43:49,620 ♪ ♪ 352 00:43:49,620 --> 00:43:53,020 In that sense, we've poured billions of dollars into a hole 353 00:43:53,030 --> 00:43:54,630 and lit it on fire. 354 00:43:54,630 --> 00:44:00,870 ♪ ♪